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Preventive Medicine May 2020The structure of preventive medicine residency training in the U.S. warrants serious examination. U.S. public health and general preventive medicine residencies have...
The structure of preventive medicine residency training in the U.S. warrants serious examination. U.S. public health and general preventive medicine residencies have suffered a 17% decline in the number of residency programs since 2000, and current residency programs are, on average, half-empty. The required clinical year is not unique to preventive medicine, a basic, undifferentiated MPH for preventive medicine doesn't distinguish the preventive medicine specialist, and practicum year requirements are overly broad and not necessarily specific to the specialty, leaving the specialty vulnerable to equivalence by most other specialties. Strategies including creation of an additional preventive medicine-specific clinical year, developing a new public health degree for the specialty, and more specific practicum rotations, as well as potentially changing the specialty's name and altering the annual structure of training, are proposed along with an equivalence test.
Topics: Clinical Competence; Education, Medical, Graduate; Humans; Internship and Residency; Medicine; Physicians; Preventive Medicine; Public Health
PubMed: 32184116
DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106060 -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Family Practice; Exercise Test
PubMed: 36376034
DOI: 10.46747/cfp.6811793 -
The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine Sep 2017Comparative Medicine is typically defined as a discipline which relates and leverages the biological similarities and differences among animal species to better... (Review)
Review
Comparative Medicine is typically defined as a discipline which relates and leverages the biological similarities and differences among animal species to better understand the mechanism of human and animal disease. It has also been defined as a field of study concentrating on similarities and differences between human and veterinary medicine and is increasingly associated with animal models of human disease, including the critical role veterinarians, animal resource centers, and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees play in facilitating and ensuring humane and reproducible laboratory animal care and use. To this end, comparative medicine plays a pivotal role in reduction, refinement, and replacement in animals in biomedical research. On many levels, comparative medicine facilitates the translation of basic science knowledge into clinical applications; applying comparative medicine concepts throughout the translation process is critical for success. In addition to the supportive role of comparative medicine in the research enterprise, its role as a distinct and independent scientific discipline should not be lost. Although comparative medicine's research "niche" is not one particular discipline or disease process, rather, it is the investigative mindset that seeks to reveal common threads that weave different pathophysiologic processes into translatable approaches and outcomes using various models.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Laboratory; Biomedical Research; Humans; Medicine; Translational Research, Biomedical; Veterinarians
PubMed: 28955187
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of the American Academy of... 2004Evidence-based medicine refers to an explicit process of using and evaluating information to make medical decisions. Evidence-based medicine, perhaps contrary to popular... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Evidence-based medicine refers to an explicit process of using and evaluating information to make medical decisions. Evidence-based medicine, perhaps contrary to popular perception, requires its users to embrace uncertainty in medical decision making because information that is simultaneously true and complete cannot be attained. Recognizing medicine's inherent uncertainty, proponents of evidence-based medicine advocate using a five-step process for sound decision making: formulate answerable questions, gather evidence, appraise the evidence, implement the valid evidence, and evaluate the process. The formulation of answerable questions requires categorizing the facts of the case in terms that allow comparison to evidence gathered from prior studies. The appraisal of the evidence uses the tools of clinical epidemiology to assess the validity and applicability of the evidence. Implementation refers to the construction of a clinical plan based on the evidence collected as well as on the physician's judgment and patient's preferences. Finally, evidence-based medicine requires continued evaluation and refinement. The methods of evidence-based medicine are especially germane to contemporary medicine as physicians practice under increasing demands to deliver optimal outcomes yet face an ever-expanding body of medical knowledge.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Forecasting; Humans; Male; Orthopedics; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 15089081
DOI: 10.5435/00124635-200403000-00003 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Nov 1994
Topics: Humans; Medicine; Physician-Patient Relations; Professional Practice; Social Values
PubMed: 7888834
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.309.6964.1247 -
FP Essentials Jun 2021Various herbal medicines have been used around the world for more than 5,000 years. Herbal medicines, or herbal supplements, are defined as any products originating from...
Various herbal medicines have been used around the world for more than 5,000 years. Herbal medicines, or herbal supplements, are defined as any products originating from plants and used to preserve or recover health. In the United States, the popularity of herbal supplements has increased in the last several decades. Many physicians do not ask patients about herbal supplement use, and one-third of patients do not inform their physician about supplement use. However, physicians should ask, because although many supplements are considered low risk and safe, some have significant risks of adverse effects. For example, St John's wort () can have significant drug interactions with prescription or over-the-counter drugs. The effectiveness of herbal supplements in the management of specific conditions varies. For some conditions, there is robust clinical data supporting the use of specific herbal supplements, but for other conditions there is poor or insufficient data. The content and safety of herbal supplements are the purview of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, the FDA primarily responds to after-the-fact reports of postmarketing safety concerns. When an herbal supplement-related adverse effect is suspected, patients or physicians should report it to the FDA via the MedWatch reporting system.
Topics: Dietary Supplements; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypericum; Integrative Medicine; Phytotherapy; Plants, Medicinal; United States
PubMed: 34128628
DOI: No ID Found -
Nature Medicine May 2022
Topics: Medicine; Science
PubMed: 35534570
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01804-4 -
The American Journal of Emergency... Sep 1986
Topics: Emergency Medicine; Ethics, Medical; Humans; Quality of Health Care; United States
PubMed: 3741567
DOI: 10.1016/0735-6757(86)90235-4 -
Radiologia 2020
Topics: Nuclear Medicine
PubMed: 32475611
DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2020.04.003 -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Oct 2021Evidence-based medicine, as described by Dr. Sackett, is defined as the "conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence, combined with individual...
Evidence-based medicine, as described by Dr. Sackett, is defined as the "conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence, combined with individual clinical expertise and patient preferences and values, in making decisions about the care of individual patients." In the late 2000s, seminal articles in Clinics in Plastic Surgery and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery introduced evidence-based medicine's role in plastic surgery and redefined varying levels of evidence. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons sponsored the Colorado Springs Evidence-Based Medicine Summit that set forth a consensus statement and action plan regarding the increased incorporation of evidence-based medicine into the field; this key meeting ushered a new era among plastic surgeons worldwide. Over the past decade, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery has incorporated evidence-based medicine into the Journal through an increase in articles with level I and II evidence, new sections of the Journal, and the introduction of validated tools to help authors perform prospective and randomized studies that ultimately led to best practices used today. Plastic surgery is a specialty built on problem-solving and innovation, values starkly in-line with evidence-based medicine. Evidence-based medicine is becoming more ingrained in our everyday practice and plastic surgery culture; however, we must work actively to ensure that we continue this trend. In the next decade, we will possibly see that level I and II evidence articles start to inhabit many of our journal issues.
Topics: Evidence-Based Medicine; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Publishing; Quality Improvement; Societies, Medical; Surgery, Plastic; United States
PubMed: 34495896
DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000008368