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Journal of Structural Biology Oct 2016In bacteria the ability to remodel membrane underpins basic cell processes such as growth, and more sophisticated adaptations like inter-cell crosstalk, organelle... (Review)
Review
In bacteria the ability to remodel membrane underpins basic cell processes such as growth, and more sophisticated adaptations like inter-cell crosstalk, organelle specialisation, and pathogenesis. Here, selected examples of membrane remodelling in bacteria are presented and the diverse mechanisms for inducing membrane fission, fusion, and curvature discussed. Compared to eukaryotes, relatively few curvature-inducing proteins have been characterised so far. Whilst it is likely that many such proteins remain to be discovered, it also reflects the importance of alternative membrane remodelling strategies in bacteria where passive mechanisms for generating curvature are utilised.
Topics: Bacteria; Membrane Proteins; Membranes
PubMed: 27265614
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.05.010 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Mar 2021In recent years, extracellular vesicles have gained more attention. However, studies on membrane vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria were carried out relatively late... (Review)
Review
In recent years, extracellular vesicles have gained more attention. However, studies on membrane vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria were carried out relatively late because of the thick bacterial wall and the low production of membrane vesicles. Thanks to the research in recent years, the cognition of the composition and function of the membrane vesicles of Gram-positive bacteria has made significant progress. Membrane vesicles are spherical in shape comprising bilayer membranous structures with a diameter of 20-400 nm. Components of membrane vesicles are diverse, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites. It also has been reported that membrane vesicles are involved in various pathophysiological processes and serve as communication tools in pathophysiological activities between the bacteria and the host. This review provided the current understanding of components and functions of membrane vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria. The findings might facilitate further research in the emerging field of membrane vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria. KEY POINTS: • Membrane vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria contain proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites, suggesting their biological significance. • Membrane vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria are thought to be involved in stress response, biofilm formation, immune regulation, and so on.
Topics: Bacteria; Extracellular Vesicles; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Membranes
PubMed: 33547922
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11140-1 -
Journal of Structural Biology Mar 2022Protein transport between the membranous compartments of the eukaryotic cells is mediated by the constant fission and fusion of the membrane-bounded vesicles from a... (Review)
Review
Protein transport between the membranous compartments of the eukaryotic cells is mediated by the constant fission and fusion of the membrane-bounded vesicles from a donor to an acceptor membrane. While there are many membrane remodelling complexes in eukaryotes, COPII, COPI, and clathrin-coated vesicles are the three principal classes of coat protein complexes that participate in vesicle trafficking in the endocytic and secretory pathways. These vesicle-coat proteins perform two key functions: deforming lipid bilayers into vesicles and encasing selective cargoes. The three trafficking complexes share some commonalities in their structural features but differ in their coat structures, mechanisms of cargo sorting, vesicle formation, and scission. While the structures of many of the proteins involved in vesicle formation have been determined in isolation by X-ray crystallography, elucidating the proteins' structures together with the membrane is better suited for cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). In recent years, advances in cryo-EM have led to solving the structures and mechanisms of several vesicle trafficking complexes and associated proteins.
Topics: Coat Protein Complex I; Cryoelectron Microscopy; Crystallography, X-Ray; Membranes; Protein Transport
PubMed: 35101600
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107836 -
Annual Review of Biochemistry 1968
Review
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Biochemical Phenomena; Biochemistry; Biological Transport; DNA Replication; Lipids; Membranes; Membranes, Artificial; Proteins
PubMed: 4875718
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.bi.37.070168.002335 -
Nature Communications Nov 2022The plasma membrane's main constituents, i.e., phospholipids and membrane proteins, are known to be organized in lipid-protein functional domains and supercomplexes. No...
The plasma membrane's main constituents, i.e., phospholipids and membrane proteins, are known to be organized in lipid-protein functional domains and supercomplexes. No active membrane-intrinsic process is known to establish membrane organization. Thus, the interplay of thermal fluctuations and the biophysical determinants of membrane-mediated protein interactions must be considered to understand membrane protein organization. Here, we used high-speed atomic force microscopy and kinetic and membrane elastic theory to investigate the behavior of a model membrane protein in oligomerization and assembly in controlled lipid environments. We find that membrane hydrophobic mismatch modulates oligomerization and assembly energetics, and 2D organization. Our experimental and theoretical frameworks reveal how membrane organization can emerge from Brownian diffusion and a minimal set of physical properties of the membrane constituents.
Topics: Membrane Proteins; Membranes; Biophysics; Protein Domains; Phospholipids
PubMed: 36450733
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35202-8 -
Annual Review of Physiology 1980
Review
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Freeze Fracturing; Humans; Lipid Bilayers; Membrane Lipids; Membrane Proteins; Membranes
PubMed: 6996581
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ph.42.030180.001401 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2021Protein engineering can yield new molecular tools for nanotechnology and therapeutic applications through modulating physiochemical and biological properties....
Protein engineering can yield new molecular tools for nanotechnology and therapeutic applications through modulating physiochemical and biological properties. Engineering membrane proteins is especially attractive because they perform key cellular processes including transport, nutrient uptake, removal of toxins, respiration, motility, and signaling. In this chapter, we describe two protocols for membrane protein engineering with the Rosetta software: (1) ΔΔG calculations for single point mutations and (2) sequence optimization in different membrane lipid compositions. These modular protocols are easily adaptable for more complex problems and serve as a foundation for efficient membrane protein engineering calculations.
Topics: Biological Transport; Membrane Lipids; Membrane Proteins; Membranes; Models, Molecular; Protein Engineering; Software
PubMed: 34302669
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1468-6_3 -
Kidney & Blood Pressure Research 2018Fibrosis and angiogenesis are the most common processes that result in progressive peritoneal tissue remodeling and, eventually, peritoneal membrane dysfunction. The... (Review)
Review
Fibrosis and angiogenesis are the most common processes that result in progressive peritoneal tissue remodeling and, eventually, peritoneal membrane dysfunction. The role of exosomes, which contributes to intercellular communication, in these processes has been neglected. Various biomolecules, including DNA, mRNA, proteins, lipids, and particular certain miRNAs, can be transferred by exosomes to local, neighboring and distal cells. Upon stimulation by cytokines or other microenvironment stimuli, donor cells release a mass of exosomes to peritoneal mesothelial cells, further affecting fibrosis and angiogenesis. This important exosomes-mediated intracellular communication is thought to regulate peritoneal membrane function. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of these processes, targeting changes in exosomes and regulating exosomal miRNAs will advance therapeutic methods for protecting peritoneal membrane function.
Topics: Cell Communication; Exosomes; Fibrosis; Humans; Membranes; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Peritoneum
PubMed: 29940564
DOI: 10.1159/000490821 -
Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Mar 2023Biomembranes are fundamental to our understanding of the cell, the basic building block of all life. An intriguing aspect of membranes is their ability to assume a... (Review)
Review
Biomembranes are fundamental to our understanding of the cell, the basic building block of all life. An intriguing aspect of membranes is their ability to assume a variety of shapes, which is crucial for cell function. Here, we review various membrane shaping mechanisms with special focus on the current understanding of how local curvature and local rigidity induced by membrane proteins leads to emerging forces and consequently large-scale membrane deformations. We also argue that describing the interaction of rigid proteins with membranes purely in terms of local membrane curvature is incomplete and that changes in the membrane rigidity moduli must also be considered.
Topics: Membranes; Membrane Proteins
PubMed: 36645200
DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20220078 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... Dec 1996Monoglycerides are used abundantly in food systems, ingested and produced in vivo, and recognized as significant mediators in many biochemical processes, yet their... (Review)
Review
Monoglycerides are used abundantly in food systems, ingested and produced in vivo, and recognized as significant mediators in many biochemical processes, yet their function in various membrane systems is only understood at a hypothetical level. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the effects of monoglycerides in membrane systems from three diverse disciplines: nutrition, food science, and membrane biochemistry. An analysis of the data ranging from feeding studies to physical chemistry is given, detailing the role of these common molecules in biological membranes.
Topics: Chylomicrons; Food; Glycerides; Humans; Membranes
PubMed: 8989510
DOI: 10.1080/10408399609527750