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Current Neurology and Neuroscience... Aug 2017A paradigm shift in contemporary epileptology has been the reframing of both epilepsy and its comorbid memory disorders as the product of diseased brain networks. The... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
A paradigm shift in contemporary epileptology has been the reframing of both epilepsy and its comorbid memory disorders as the product of diseased brain networks. The current review discusses some of the clinical and theoretical implications that stem from this shift.
RECENT FINDINGS
Some implications of a network conceptualisation of epilepsy include a need for more widespread cognitive phenotyping in epilepsy; recognition that memory disorders in epilepsy can be multi-determined, including by non-structural factors; deeper consideration given to the neurodevelopmental context in which memory problems emerge; the utility of new methods to characterise memory impairments in epilepsy; and a call for greater recognition of the close interrelationships between memory comorbidities and psychiatric symptoms in epilepsy. Memory disorder significantly worsens the quality of life of people with epilepsy, underscoring the importance to patient wellbeing of giving due consideration to the up-to-date neuropsychological practises outlined in this review.
Topics: Brain; Comorbidity; Epilepsy; Humans; Memory Disorders; Mental Disorders; Neural Pathways
PubMed: 28631193
DOI: 10.1007/s11910-017-0765-7 -
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2016In this chapter, we discuss the wide variety of patients who may attend a memory clinic or other health services presenting with memory symptoms but who do not have... (Review)
Review
In this chapter, we discuss the wide variety of patients who may attend a memory clinic or other health services presenting with memory symptoms but who do not have dementia. These diagnoses may include a wide range of neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders; in this chapter we will focus on other causes of memory symptoms which may be labeled psychologic or functional, or be more obviously part of an established psychiatric disorder. We describe the differential categorization recently posited by Stone et al. (2015), and consider important aspects of assessment and management in these cases.
Topics: Humans; Memory Disorders; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 27719860
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-801772-2.00035-7 -
Physiological Research Apr 2024ADHD is a common chronic neurodevelopmental disorder and is characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and are often accompanied by learning and... (Review)
Review
ADHD is a common chronic neurodevelopmental disorder and is characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and are often accompanied by learning and memory impairment. Great evidence has shown that learning and memory impairment of ADHD plays an important role in its executive function deficits, which seriously affects the development of academic, cognitive and daily social skills and will cause a serious burden on families and society. With the increasing attention paid to learning and memory impairment in ADHD, relevant research is gradually increasing. In this article, we will present the current research results of learning and memory impairment in ADHD from the following aspects. Firstly, the animal models of ADHD, which display the core symptoms of ADHD as well as with learning and memory impairment. Secondly, the molecular mechanism of has explored, including some neurotransmitters, receptors, RNAs, etc. Thirdly, the susceptibility gene of ADHD related to the learning and impairment in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis. Key words: Learning and memory, ADHD, Review.
Topics: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Humans; Animals; Memory Disorders; Learning; Disease Models, Animal; Learning Disabilities; Memory
PubMed: 38710050
DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935202 -
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Nov 2021
Topics: Brain; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Memory Disorders; Memory, Short-Term; Nerve Net
PubMed: 34231225
DOI: 10.1111/ane.13494 -
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology :... May 2018The rationale for and factors related to embedding a neuropsychologist in the midst of a neurology-based memory disorder clinic are discussed. Common conditions... (Review)
Review
The rationale for and factors related to embedding a neuropsychologist in the midst of a neurology-based memory disorder clinic are discussed. Common conditions encountered are briefly reviewed, along with an evaluation aimed at assisting with differential diagnosis. Advice for neuropsychologists is offered in terms of creating and refining a working model in a neurology clinic and strategies to improve communication and effectiveness are presented.
Topics: Humans; Memory Disorders; Neurology; Neuropsychology; Patient Care Team
PubMed: 29718078
DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acx128 -
The Clinical Neuropsychologist Jul 2018The objective of the paper is to synthesize the research on prospective memory (PM) in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The objective of the paper is to synthesize the research on prospective memory (PM) in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
METHOD
Research on PM and ADHD in youth was synthesized according to the PRISMA guidelines and a summary of the types of PM deficits typically seen in these children, as well as the methods currently available to assess and treat these deficits is provided. Suggestions on ways to better manage PM deficits in children's everyday lives are also discussed.
RESULTS
Six studies have investigated PM in children with ADHD. The majority of these studies found a deficit in time-based PM, but not event-based PM. The mechanisms underlying this deficit, however, are still unknown. There are currently no specific measures available to clinically assess PM in children and there are no specific evidence-based interventions available that specifically target PM deficits in children with ADHD.
CONCLUSION
Remediation strategies aimed at compensating for these PM deficits in daily life may be most useful. Nevertheless, more research is necessary to better understand PM in children with ADHD.
Topics: Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Memory Disorders; Memory, Episodic; Neuropsychological Tests
PubMed: 29065807
DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2017.1393563 -
Journal of Experimental Psychology.... Jul 2014This articles describes how a cascade of associative relationships involving the sensory properties of foods, the nutritional consequences of their consumption, and... (Review)
Review
This articles describes how a cascade of associative relationships involving the sensory properties of foods, the nutritional consequences of their consumption, and perceived internal states may play an important role in the learned control of energy intake and body weight regulation. In addition, we describe ways in which dietary factors in the current environment can promote excess energy intake and body weight gain by degrading these relationships or by interfering with the neural substrates that underlie the ability of animals to use them to predict the nutritive or energetic consequences of intake. We propose that an expanded appreciation of the diversity of orosensory, gastrointestinal, and energy state signals about which animals learn, combined with a greater understanding of predictive relationships in which these cues are embedded, will help generate new information and novel approaches to addressing the current global problems of obesity and metabolic disease.
Topics: Humans; Learning Disabilities; Memory Disorders; Obesity
PubMed: 25453037
DOI: 10.1037/xan0000029 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Oct 2011Memory disorder is one of the most frequent cognitive impairment and has a great negative impact on the quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). A few... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Memory disorder is one of the most frequent cognitive impairment and has a great negative impact on the quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). A few pharmacologic agents appear to be effective to memory disorder in patients with MS in some existing randomised controlled trials.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the absolute and comparative efficacy, tolerability and safety of pharmacologic treatments for memory disorder in adult patients with MS.
SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched the Cochrane Multiple Sclerosis Group's Trials Register (17 January 2011), PsycINFO (January 1980 - April Week 4 2011) and CBMdisc (January 1978 - 6 April 2011), and checked reference lists of identified articles, searched some relevant journals manually, registers of clinical trials and published abstracts of conference proceedings.
SELECTION CRITERIA
All double-blind, randomized controlled parallel trials on pharmacologic treatment versus placebo treatment or no treatment or one or more pharmacologic treatments, without restrictions regarding dose, route of administration and frequency, administration duration≥12 weeks for memory disorder in adult patients with MS who display at least mild memory impairment at 0.5 standard deviations below age -and-sex-based normative data on a validated memory scale. Adequately randomized or quasi-randomized trials were included.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Disagreements were discussed and resolved by consensus among review authors. Principal investigators of included studies were contacted for additional data or confirmation.
MAIN RESULTS
Four RCTs involving adult patients with all the types of MS and at least mild memory impairment were included, evaluating donepezil, Ginkgo biloba (GB), memantine and rivastigmine respectively vs placebo in treating memory disorder in MS.There were no serious adverse events in intervention groups.The quality of the included studies was overall low, some of important variables were not matched between groups at baseline, the samples of subjects were relatively small and the follow-up was short. Three RCTs which evaluate GB, memantine, rivastigmine respectively vs placebo are currently ongoing.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Until the results of ongoing studies are available, there is no convincing evidence to support pharmacologic intervention as an effective treatment for memory disorder in MS patients. However, donepezil, Ginkgo biloba, memantine and rivastigmine resulted to be safe and well tolerated as adverse events such as nausea, diarrhea, somnolence, and constipation were not frequent, while no serious adverse effects were reported. Future high quality randomised controlled trials are needed.
Topics: Adult; Donepezil; Ginkgo biloba; Humans; Indans; Memantine; Memory Disorders; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Neuroprotective Agents; Nootropic Agents; Phenylcarbamates; Phytotherapy; Piperidines; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rivastigmine
PubMed: 21975787
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008876.pub2 -
Seminars in Speech and Language Apr 2018Episodic memory (EM) and scene construction are critical for organizing and understanding personally experienced events and for developing several aspects of social... (Review)
Review
Episodic memory (EM) and scene construction are critical for organizing and understanding personally experienced events and for developing several aspects of social cognition including self-concept, identity, introspection, future thinking, counterfactual reasoning, theory of mind, self-regulation, flexible problem-solving, and socially adaptive behavior. This article challenges the reader to think differently about EM in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as we expand our understanding of autobiographical memory that requires an ability to travel back in time and re-experience an event. The role of EM in cognitive and behavioral functioning for children with and without ASD is described. The value of story-based interventions such as Social Stories and Comic Strip Conversations for supporting EM is discussed with adaptations recommended to ensure a rich personal recall of an event. By focusing on EM and scene construction, there is potential for increasing the potency of story-based interventions for achieving maximum therapeutic impact.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Behavior Therapy; Child; Cognition; Humans; Memory Disorders; Memory, Episodic; Mental Recall
PubMed: 29558768
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1628365 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Jan 2016Meta-analyses and reviews on cognitive disorders in schizophrenia have shown that the most robust and common cognitive deficits are found in episodic memory and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Meta-analyses and reviews on cognitive disorders in schizophrenia have shown that the most robust and common cognitive deficits are found in episodic memory and executive functions. More complex memory domains, such as autobiographical memory (AM), are also impaired in schizophrenia, but such impairments are reported less often despite their negative impact on patients' outcome. In contrast to episodic memory, assessed in laboratory tasks, memories of past personal events are much more complex and directly relate to the self. The meta-analysis included 20 studies, 571 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder, and 503 comparison subjects. It found moderate-to-large effect sizes with regard to the 3 parameters commonly used to assess AM: memory specificity (g = -0.97), richness of detail (g = -1.40), and conscious recollection (g = -0.62). These effect sizes were in the same range as those found in other memory domains in schizophrenia; for this reason, we propose that defective memories of personal past events should be regarded as a major cognitive impairment in this illness.
Topics: Executive Function; Humans; Memory Disorders; Memory, Episodic; Mental Recall; Psychiatric Rehabilitation; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Self Concept
PubMed: 26209548
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv099