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Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) 1996Pregnant are described all gravities of congenital defect of intelligence to dementia until neurasthenia and deficiency concentration. Thereby are classified complete...
Pregnant are described all gravities of congenital defect of intelligence to dementia until neurasthenia and deficiency concentration. Thereby are classified complete causes as degenerate and vascular kinds as also internal diseases, chronic intoxications until mental inactivity. Owing to the broad spectrum do not think immediately (only) of the senium and the Morbus Alzheimer!
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amnesia; Attention; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Intelligence; Memory Disorders; Neurasthenia; Neurocognitive Disorders
PubMed: 9045533
DOI: No ID Found -
Behavioural Brain Research Dec 2010It has long been known that emotions can modulate learning and memory processes in humans and non-human mammals. Here we will review evidence from clinical,... (Review)
Review
It has long been known that emotions can modulate learning and memory processes in humans and non-human mammals. Here we will review evidence from clinical, neuropsychological, neuroimaging and animal research suggesting an important role of emotions for the establishment of long-term episodic memories in the mammalian brain. In the first part of the review the neuroanatomical and neurochemical foundations of the interaction between brain areas generating emotions, such as the amygdala, and those allowing the association of multi-dimensional stimuli into an episodic memory, such as the hippocampus, are delineated. Patients with emotional and affective disorders show changes in memory performance in dependence of the positive or negative valence of the stimulus material. Furthermore, these patients often exhibit a reduced ability to access specific memories of life events with a striking lack of specific detail. Therefore, in the second part the clinical literature on memory impairments observed in patients with emotional and affective disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia and major depression, with a special emphasis on episodic memory function, is discussed. Finally, the relationship between memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease and neurodegeneration in brain systems mediating emotions is reviewed.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Emotions; Humans; Memory Disorders; Mental Disorders; Mental Recall
PubMed: 20227444
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.03.017 -
The Clinical Neuropsychologist Jul 2018The current article set out to review all research conducted to date investigating prospective memory (PM) in autism. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The current article set out to review all research conducted to date investigating prospective memory (PM) in autism.
METHOD
All studies on PM in autism are first described, followed by a critical review and discussion of experimental findings within the multiprocess framework. PM in autism is then considered through an embodied predictive-coding account of autism.
RESULTS
Overall, despite somewhat inconsistent methodologies, a general deficit in PM in autism is observed, with evidence mostly in line with the multiprocess framework. That is, for tasks that are high in cognitive and attentional demand (e.g. time-based tasks; event-based cues of non-focality or low salience) PM performance of autistic participants is impaired. Building upon previous work in predictive-coding, and the way in which expected precision modulates attention, we postulate mechanisms that underpin PM and the potential deficits seen in autism. Furthermore, a unifying predictive-coding account of autism is extended under embodied predictive-coding models, to show how a predictive-coding impairment accounts not only for characteristic autistic difficulties, but also for commonly found differences in autistic movement.
CONCLUSIONS
We show how differences in perception and action, core to the development of autism, lead directly to problems seen in PM. Using this link between movement and PM, we then put forward a number of holistic, embodied interventions to support PM in autism.
Topics: Attention; Autistic Disorder; Cues; Female; Humans; Male; Memory Disorders; Memory, Episodic; Neuropsychological Tests
PubMed: 29536800
DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2018.1435823 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Mar 2010
Review
Topics: Depressive Disorder; Humans; Medical History Taking; Memory Disorders; Physical Examination; Referral and Consultation; Risk Factors
PubMed: 20304935
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.c1425 -
Mayo Clinic Proceedings Jun 2003Epilepsy is an extremely complex disorder characterized by marked variability in clinical presentation, etiology, diagnostic certainty, and therapeutic options.... (Review)
Review
Epilepsy is an extremely complex disorder characterized by marked variability in clinical presentation, etiology, diagnostic certainty, and therapeutic options. Neuropsychiatric and cognitive concomitant disorders are equally diverse and complex. Depression and anxiety, for example, may be preexisting conditions, occur only in peri-ictal or ictal states, or persist as constant interictal phenomena; both place additional burden on memory functions, which are further taxed by the effects of recurrent seizures, temporal lobe insult, and antiseizure medications. Such factors present considerable clinical challenges, particularly in outpatient settings. This article provides an overview of major psychiatric features of epilepsy and of issues regarding the nature of memory deficits in this neurologic population. The importance of identifying and treating potentially reversible causes of memory impairment and related forms of cognitive impairment is emphasized.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Anxiety; Awareness; Cognition Disorders; Depression; Epilepsy; Fear; Humans; Memory Disorders; Mental Disorders; Psychotic Disorders
PubMed: 12934792
DOI: 10.4065/78.6.781 -
Journal of Trauma & Dissociation : the... 2005This study examined the quality of self-reported memories of traumatic experiences in participants with dissociative identity disorder (DID) and compared them with their... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study
This study examined the quality of self-reported memories of traumatic experiences in participants with dissociative identity disorder (DID) and compared them with their memories of non-traumatic, but emotionally significant life experiences. Systematic interview data were gathered from 30 DID patients in The Netherlands. All participants reported a history of severe childhood abuse; 93.3% reported some period of amnesia for the index traumatic event, and 33.3% reported periods of amnesia for significant non-traumatic childhood experiences. All participants who had been amnestic for their trauma reported that their memories were initially retrieved in the form of somatosensory flashbacks. This suggests that, like PTSD patients, DID patients at least initially recall their trauma not as a narrative, but as somatosensory re-experiencing. Surprisingly, however, DID participants also recalled emotionally charged non-traumatic life events with significant somatosensory components, a phenomenon that has not been previously reported. This finding raises important issues regarding basic memory processing abnormalities in DID patients.
Topics: Adult; Child; Child Abuse; Child Abuse, Sexual; Child, Preschool; Dissociative Identity Disorder; Female; Humans; Interview, Psychological; Memory Disorders; Reference Values
PubMed: 16150685
DOI: 10.1300/J229v06n01_04 -
Journal of Integrative Neuroscience Dec 2023The earlier research confirm the relationship between structural changes in the corpus callosum and difficulties in attention and memory in the group of patients with...
BACKGROUND
The earlier research confirm the relationship between structural changes in the corpus callosum and difficulties in attention and memory in the group of patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Nevertheless, the image of auditory and visual memory disorders in men with gradual atrophy of the corpus callosum and different alcohol abuse duration, it has not been explained yet. The overriding objective of this study was: (1) to determine whether there are principal and interaction effects of visuospatial and auditory-verbal memory on alcohol consumption and cross-sectional corpus callosum area in men with alcohol use disorder, (2) to assess the impact of callosal changes on the memory and visual attention processes.
METHODS
97 men with alcohol use disorder were examined. T1-weighted scans were used to carry out corpus callosum segmentation and volumetric measurements. The cognition profile included two domains: attention, memory (visuospatial and auditory-verbal).
RESULTS
The results showed that participants with visuospatial memory disorder had inferior education background, and were characterized by a longer duration of alcohol abuse, more severe alcohol use disorder, and greater alcohol consumption per day. Second, alcohol-dependent men with auditory and visual memory disorders had a smaller frontal and posterior part of the corpus callosum areas. Additionally, among the alcohol-dependent men with memory disorders the smaller rostral body of corpus callosum was determined by the longer alcohol abuse duration. On the other hand, the smaller rostral body of corpus callosum was predicted by the older age only in alcohol-dependent men with normal memory. Among all examined individuals were observed a statistically significant relationships among visual attention, visuospatial memory and corpus callosum subregions including in particular genu and isthmus.
CONCLUSIONS
The smaller corpus callosum cross-sectional area significantly affects visual attention and memory difficulties in alcohol use disorder, especially have differentiated the patients with normal and disordered memory. Longer alcohol abuse duration plays also a significant role in the corpus callosum atrophy in alcohol-dependent men with disordered memory (visuospatial in particular).
Topics: Male; Humans; Corpus Callosum; Alcoholism; Memory Disorders; Cognition; Atrophy; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 38176914
DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2206173 -
Journal of Clinical Neuroscience :... Nov 2013Recently, a pattern referred to as accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF) has been described in patients with epilepsy. In ALF, acquisition and retention over standard... (Review)
Review
Recently, a pattern referred to as accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF) has been described in patients with epilepsy. In ALF, acquisition and retention over standard delayed recall intervals (up to 30 minutes) tend to be intact, but there is an abnormally rapid rate of forgetting over delays of days or weeks. ALF is associated with everyday memory complaints as well as impairments in autobiographical memory, but goes largely undetected by traditional neuropsychological measures. We consider here the characteristics of ALF and possible contributors to its underlying pathophysiology. Overall, a better understanding of this relatively newly recognised memory disorder should improve clinical treatment.
Topics: Epilepsy; Humans; Memory Disorders; Time Factors
PubMed: 24076316
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2013.04.037 -
Journal of Psychosomatic Research May 2009Memory complaints are a common finding in outpatients, especially in psychosomatic and neurological practice. In a substantial group of patients persistent memory... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
Memory complaints are a common finding in outpatients, especially in psychosomatic and neurological practice. In a substantial group of patients persistent memory complaints are found in the absence of abnormal neuropsychology. Different labels such as "functional memory complaint" have been suggested for this phenomenon. We characterise a group of patients with such memory complaints, which we termed functional memory disorder (FMD). The aim of the present study is to describe patients with FMD.
METHODS
Thirty-nine patients with FMD were compared to 38 control subjects. Data were collected on the German version of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning test and the Zahlenverbindungstest (cognitive speed), subscales of the Metamemory in Adulthood questionnaire (MIA), the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), the Global Severity Index (GSI) of the Symptom Checklist, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and other psychological questionnaire measures.
RESULTS
We found significant group differences on all psychological questionnaire measures, with more pathological scores in the patient group. GSI and PSQ were the best predictors of memory self-efficacy. MIA-Memory Self-Efficacy (MSE), MIA-Achievement, and BDI were the best predictors of group membership (FMD vs. control group). When MSE was excluded, MIA-Achievement and BDI or GSI were the only predictors of group membership. Neuropsychological measures predicted neither MSE nor group membership.
CONCLUSIONS
Pathological scores on measures of metamemory, stress, and depression are typical of FMD. Low MSE and a high memory-related achievement motivation seem to be key features of FMD. Other important features are increased perceived stress, general psychosomatic complaint, and elevated depression scores. Neuropsychological test performance is not associated with FMD symptoms.
Topics: Affect; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Cognition; Depression; Germany; Humans; Memory Disorders; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Outpatients; Stress, Psychological; Surveys and Questionnaires; Verbal Learning
PubMed: 19379960
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.07.005 -
British Medical Bulletin 2003The impact of advanced brain imaging procedures in the field of human memory disorder is reviewed, with particular emphasis on current and potential applications that... (Review)
Review
The impact of advanced brain imaging procedures in the field of human memory disorder is reviewed, with particular emphasis on current and potential applications that may impact upon the diagnosis and management of memory-disordered patients. While both advanced structural, resting physiological and functional physiological brain imaging procedures have been applied to conditions where memory disorder is a major feature, the specific implications of research findings for diagnosis and treatment in routine clinical practice remain tentative and promising, but not yet substantive enough to inform clinical decisions to a significant degree. In terms of diagnostic applications, several promising areas include dementia, epilepsy, and transient amnesic states. In the case of applications in treatment settings, advanced brain imaging procedures may help to monitor neural correlates of spontaneous recovery or progression of memory function, and may also help in the planning and monitoring of therapeutic intervention.
Topics: Brain; Brain Mapping; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Memory Disorders; Tomography, Emission-Computed
PubMed: 12697617
DOI: 10.1093/bmb/65.1.61