-
Archives of Pediatrics Oct 1946
Topics: Humans; Meninges; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Meningeal
PubMed: 20274459
DOI: No ID Found -
Paediatria Danubiana ... Feb 1949
Topics: Meninges; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Meningeal
PubMed: 18138379
DOI: No ID Found -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... Aug 2023Meningeal lesions can be caused by various conditions and pose diagnostic challenges. The authors review the anatomy of the meninges in the brain and spinal cord to...
Meningeal lesions can be caused by various conditions and pose diagnostic challenges. The authors review the anatomy of the meninges in the brain and spinal cord to provide a better understanding of the localization and extension of these diseases and summarize the clinical and imaging features of various conditions that cause dural and/or leptomeningeal enhancing lesions. These conditions include infectious meningitis (bacterial, tuberculous, viral, and fungal), autoimmune diseases (vasculitis, connective tissue diseases, autoimmune meningoencephalitis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, neuro-Behçet syndrome, Susac syndrome, and sarcoidosis), primary and secondary tumors (meningioma, diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor, melanocytic tumors, and lymphoma), tumorlike diseases (histiocytosis and immunoglobulin G4-related diseases), medication-induced diseases (immune-related adverse effects and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome), and other conditions (spontaneous intracranial hypotension, amyloidosis, and moyamoya disease). Although meningeal lesions may manifest with nonspecific imaging findings, correct diagnosis is important because the treatment strategy varies among these diseases. RSNA, 2023 and Quiz questions for this article are available through the Online Learning Center.
Topics: Humans; Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome; Meninges; Meningitis; Neuroimaging; Sarcoidosis; Meningeal Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 37535461
DOI: 10.1148/rg.230039 -
Fortschritte Der Neurologie-Psychiatrie May 2018A thorough neurological examination in emergency situations requires the evaluation of meningeal signs. Even though in most settings, evaluation of meningism is... (Review)
Review
A thorough neurological examination in emergency situations requires the evaluation of meningeal signs. Even though in most settings, evaluation of meningism is technically not very demanding, the interpretation of findings may prove difficult. As opposed to a widely held belief, clinical signs of meningism are neither specific nor highly sensitive for detection of meningitis or subarachnoid hemorrhage. A meaningful evaluation of meningeal signs, therefore, requires careful consideration of both clinical findings and other accessory symptoms.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Emergency Medical Services; Humans; Meningism; Neurologic Examination
PubMed: 29843178
DOI: 10.1055/a-0590-4296 -
Medicinski Pregled 1997The paper presents the past knowledge of the etiology of chronic meningeal syndrome. The causes are divided into those of infective and those of noninfective etiology.... (Review)
Review
The paper presents the past knowledge of the etiology of chronic meningeal syndrome. The causes are divided into those of infective and those of noninfective etiology. Basic recommendations for general diagnostic approach, laboratory, clinical and radiological follow up of the patients have been given. A wide spectrum of differential-diagnostic possibilities has been pointed out, especially in relation to chronic systemic diseases. Characteristic syndromes of chronic meningitis have been separated and concisely described.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Humans; Meningism; Meningitis
PubMed: 9441211
DOI: No ID Found -
Neurosurgical Focus Nov 2006Lymphomatous meningitis (LM) due to primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma is an uncommon problem in neurooncology and can occur at time of diagnosis or... (Review)
Review
Lymphomatous meningitis (LM) due to primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma is an uncommon problem in neurooncology and can occur at time of diagnosis or recurrence. Notwithstanding frequent focal signs and symptoms, LM is a disease affecting the entire neuraxis, and therefore staging and treatment need to encompass all cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartments. Central nervous system staging of LM includes contrast agent-enhanced cranial computed tomography (CT) or Gd-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, Gd-enhanced spinal MR imaging, CT myelography, and radionuclide CSF flow study. Treatment of LM includes involved-field radiotherapy of bulky or symptomatic disease sites and intra-CSF drug therapy. The inclusion of concomitant systemic therapy can benefit patients with LM and can obviate the need for intra-CSF chemotherapy. At present, intra-CSF drug therapy is confined to three chemotherapeutic agents (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, and thiotepa) administered by a variety of schedules either by intralumbar or intraventricular drug delivery. Although treatment of LM is palliative and the expected median survival of patients is 4 to 6 months, it often provides stabilization and protection from further neurological deterioration. In patients with primary CNS lymphoma, CNS prophylaxis has been recommended (using a combination of high-dose systemic chemotherapy and intra-CSF chemotherapy), but the strategy remains controversial because high-dose systemic methotrexate is commonly used as an adjuvant therapy. Patients with primary CNS lymphoma at high risk as defined by positive CSF cytology or neuroradiography consistent with LM may benefit from the inclusion of intra-CSF chemotherapy.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Humans; Lymphoma; Meningism; Meningitis
PubMed: 17134122
DOI: 10.3171/foc.2006.21.5.7 -
Medizinische Klinik Jul 1953
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Meningism; Meningitis
PubMed: 13086362
DOI: No ID Found -
Belgisch Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde Feb 1961
Topics: Humans; Meningism; Meningitis
PubMed: 13741766
DOI: No ID Found -
Oncotarget Dec 2015Tuberculosis (TB) is a common disease to threaten human health. TB of the central nervous system (CNS) is rare but the most serious type of systemic TB because of its... (Review)
Review
Tuberculosis (TB) is a common disease to threaten human health. TB of the central nervous system (CNS) is rare but the most serious type of systemic TB because of its high mortality rate, serious neurological complications and sequelae. In this case report, we describe a woman who presented with walking instability, intracerebral hemorrhage and leptomeningeal enhancement due to tuberculosis meningitis. The patient had no significant medical history and the initial clinical symptoms were walking instability. On analysis, the cerebrospinal fluid was colorless and transparent, the pressure was more than 400 mm H2O, there was lymphocytic pleocytosis, increased protein, and decreased glucose levels present. No tuberculosis or other bacteria were detected. The patient's brain computed tomography image showed intra-cerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and contrast magnetic resonance imaging showed ICH in the right frontal lob, and leptomeningeal enhancement. CNS TB is rare but has a high mortality rate. As this disease has no unique characteristics at first presentation such as epidemiology and obvious clinical manifestation, a diagnosis of CNS TB remains difficult.
Topics: Aged; Cerebral Angiography; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Fatal Outcome; Female; Gait; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Angiography; Meninges; Predictive Value of Tests; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tuberculosis, Meningeal; Walking
PubMed: 26675758
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6528 -
American Journal of Diseases of... May 1975Four patients, with an additional seven from the literature, had meningitis following a lumbar puncture (LP) that disclosed normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Animal...
Four patients, with an additional seven from the literature, had meningitis following a lumbar puncture (LP) that disclosed normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Animal studies demonstrate that perforation of the meninges in the presence of bacteremia enhances the development of meningitis. Simultaneous blood culture should be obtained with all LPs. Regardless of the results of the initial LP, a second CSF examination is recommended in any patient whose clinical condition is deteriorating. If the initial blood culture is positive, a second LP should be strongly considered in all newborn and very young infants.
Topics: Age Factors; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meninges; Meningitis; Sepsis; Spinal Puncture; Time Factors
PubMed: 1136949
DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1975.02120420038014