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Journal of the Royal Society of Health Feb 1995
Review
Topics: Child; Child Development; Female; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Intelligence Tests; Male; Prevalence; Psychological Tests
PubMed: 7738979
DOI: 10.1177/146642409511500110 -
Pediatric Clinics of North America Jun 1993In children with mental retardation, development is altered so that adaptive and cognitive skills are significantly deficient. Causes of mental retardation are varied... (Review)
Review
In children with mental retardation, development is altered so that adaptive and cognitive skills are significantly deficient. Causes of mental retardation are varied and include newborn trauma, infectious diseases, chromosomal abnormalities, metabolic disorders, and environmental toxins. In many cases, however, the cause of mental retardation remains unknown. Most affected children have mild retardation and are able to achieve economic and social independence as adults. Early identification by the pediatrician of a developmental delay is important to ensure appropriate treatment and to enable the child to develop all of his or her capabilities.
Topics: Child Development; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Infant; Intellectual Disability; Psychological Tests; Reference Values
PubMed: 8493062
DOI: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38547-9 -
Pediatrics in Review Jul 1987
Review
Topics: Child; Family; Humans; Infant; Intellectual Disability; Intelligence Tests; Risk Factors; Social Support; Temperament
PubMed: 3332359
DOI: 10.1542/pir.9-1-15 -
Advances in Genetics 1999
Review
Topics: Animals; Female; Genetic Linkage; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Male; Phenotype; Syndrome; X Chromosome
PubMed: 10494617
DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2660(08)60151-0 -
Pediatrics in Review Dec 1994
Review
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Down Syndrome; Female; Fragile X Syndrome; Humans; Infant; Intellectual Disability; Male; Psychological Tests; Rett Syndrome
PubMed: 7845869
DOI: No ID Found -
Hospital & Community Psychiatry May 1992Although traditional diagnostic criteria are accepted for use with mentally retarded persons, diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in this population is often complicated... (Review)
Review
Although traditional diagnostic criteria are accepted for use with mentally retarded persons, diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in this population is often complicated by clinicians' ignoring or underestimating such disorders and by patients' communication problems. The revision of DSM-III and changes in policies of third-party payers have sensitized clinicians to the presence of psychopathology among mentally retarded persons. The authors discuss the relationship between mental illness and mental retardation and review recent research on the diagnosis of specific psychiatric disorders in these patients. Some problems, such as behavioral disruptiveness, psychoses, and phobias, are more prevalent among mentally retarded persons than among other populations, whereas other problems, such as alcoholism and suicide, may be less common.
Topics: Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Incidence; Intellectual Disability; Intelligence; Mental Disorders; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; United States
PubMed: 1587514
DOI: 10.1176/ps.43.5.494 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Dec 1997To review the literature over the past decade on mental retardation, particularly with respect to genetics and behavioral phenotypes. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review the literature over the past decade on mental retardation, particularly with respect to genetics and behavioral phenotypes.
METHOD
A computerized search was performed for articles published in the past decade, and selected papers were highlighted.
RESULTS
The study of mental retardation has benefited considerably by advances in medicine generally, and by developments in molecular neurobiology in particular. These advances in genetics have led to new insights regarding the causes of mental retardation, as well as a growing appreciation of behavioral phenotypes associated with some mental retardation syndromes.
CONCLUSIONS
Although the study of developmental disorders has advanced significantly over the past decade, considerable work remains. Mental retardation should remain the model for the utility of the biopsychosocial approach in medicine.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Down Syndrome; Fragile X Syndrome; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Phenotype; Prader-Willi Syndrome; Prognosis; Psychopathology; Williams Syndrome
PubMed: 9401327
DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199712000-00014 -
Pediatrics in Review Mar 2012
Review
Topics: Child; Education of Intellectually Disabled; Genetic Testing; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Occupational Therapy; Sexuality
PubMed: 22383514
DOI: 10.1542/pir.33-3-110 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Dec 1997To review the literature over the past decade on mental retardation, particularly as regards its definition, prevalence, major causes, and associated mental disorders. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review the literature over the past decade on mental retardation, particularly as regards its definition, prevalence, major causes, and associated mental disorders.
METHOD
A computerized search was performed for articles published in the past decade, and selected papers were highlighted.
RESULTS
The study of mental retardation has benefited considerably by advances in medicine generally and by developments in molecular neurobiology in particular. Increasing awareness of psychiatric comorbidity in the context of intellectual disability highlights the need for studies of the phenomenology and treatment of mental disorders in this population.
CONCLUSIONS
Although the study of developmental disorders has advanced significantly over the past decade, considerable work remains. Mental retardation is a model for the utility of the biopsychosocial approach in medicine.
Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Brain; Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Diagnostic Imaging; Disease Models, Animal; Down Syndrome; Fragile X Syndrome; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
PubMed: 9401326
DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199712000-00013 -
Current Opinion in Pediatrics Dec 2000Aim of this review is to present the latest advances in the identification of the genetic determinants of intellectual deficiency. Mental retardation (MR) is often... (Review)
Review
Aim of this review is to present the latest advances in the identification of the genetic determinants of intellectual deficiency. Mental retardation (MR) is often associated with other neurologic symptoms, metabolic disorders, or malformation syndromes. The purpose of the review is to subdivide the large field of MR into categories that may help professionals in making a diagnosis. Nonspecific MR can also segregate in families and the mapping and cloning of corresponding mutant genes will eventually advance our understanding of normal and abnormal brain functioning. Several genes responsible for nonspecific X-linked mental retardation have been identified in the last 12 to 24 months and are being intensively investigated. This will hopefully lead to new possibilities of either genetic or pharmacological therapy.
Topics: Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Humans; Intellectual Disability
PubMed: 11106270
DOI: 10.1097/00008480-200012000-00003