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Journal of the Indian Medical... Jun 1969
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Male
PubMed: 5809441
DOI: No ID Found -
Statistical Bulletin (Metropolitan Life... Nov 1967
Topics: Humans; Intellectual Disability; United States
PubMed: 5626697
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the Indian Medical... Jun 1969
Topics: Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Intellectual Disability
PubMed: 5809447
DOI: No ID Found -
Research in Developmental Disabilities 1989Schizophrenia is a small but important aspect of the psychiatry of mental retardation. In this article the literature is reviewed and the clinical features,... (Review)
Review
Schizophrenia is a small but important aspect of the psychiatry of mental retardation. In this article the literature is reviewed and the clinical features, symptomatology, and diagnostic parameters are discussed. Data are presented about prevalence rates, degree of mental retardation, male: female distribution, and age of onset. There appears to be no specific relationship with epilepsy or chromosomal abnormalities, although paranoid syndromes are often associated with disorders of hearing and vision. Differential diagnosis is considered and treatment approaches outlined.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Intelligence; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology
PubMed: 2672144
DOI: 10.1016/0891-4222(89)90013-9 -
Research in Developmental Disabilities 1989The lack of a clear definition of mental retardation in many studies and the lack of a description of the methods used in selecting subjects make it difficult to... (Review)
Review
The lack of a clear definition of mental retardation in many studies and the lack of a description of the methods used in selecting subjects make it difficult to determine to whom the results apply. A review of prevalence studies of MR in childhood shows that over the past 30 years there has been a trend of decreasing rates. Reasons are suggested to explain these falling prevalence rates. Adult prevalence rates were lower than childhood rates and reasons are suggested for this drop. Factors needing consideration in future studies are suggested.
Topics: Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Intelligence; United States
PubMed: 2672148
DOI: 10.1016/0891-4222(89)90017-6 -
Pediatric Clinics of North America Nov 1968
Review
Topics: Child; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Congenital Abnormalities; Counseling; Cytogenetics; Diagnosis, Differential; Down Syndrome; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Metabolic Diseases; Pediatrics; Phenylketonurias; Physician-Patient Relations
PubMed: 4236263
DOI: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)32203-9 -
Pediatrics in Review Jul 2006
Topics: Child; Education; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Learning; Parent-Child Relations; Prognosis
PubMed: 16815993
DOI: 10.1542/pir.27-7-249 -
American Journal of Mental Retardation... May 1994People with mental retardation are generally classified by either level of retardation (usually by psychologists and special educators) or etiology (usually by... (Review)
Review
People with mental retardation are generally classified by either level of retardation (usually by psychologists and special educators) or etiology (usually by geneticists and psychiatric researchers). We have surveyed nine journals from 1985-1990 to identify use of these two distinct research approaches, or cultures. After providing brief vignettes to delineate the separateness of the two cultures, we documented the varied effects that genetic etiology may have on behavior. The problems and issues inherent in reconciling these two research cultures were also emphasized, including variability within etiological groups, etiologic specificity versus nonspecificity, and service delivery implications. Several points of reconciliation between the two research cultures were offered, with the goal being better integrated approaches to the study of behavior in mental retardation.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Neuropsychological Tests; Patient Care Team; Research; Social Behavior
PubMed: 8054197
DOI: No ID Found -
Human Molecular Genetics 1999Although genetic causes of X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) are heterogeneous and complex, recent concerted actions between physicians and biologists have allowed some... (Review)
Review
Although genetic causes of X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) are heterogeneous and complex, recent concerted actions between physicians and biologists have allowed some major difficulties to be overcome and led to the identification of an increasing number of genes involved in these conditions. Indeed, over the past 2 years significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis underlying not only XLMR, where there are distinguishing phenotypic or genetic markers (syndromal forms of XLMR), but also non-specific (or idiopathic) mental retardation (MRX). Recent breakthroughs have shown that genes responsible for these latter conditions encode for proteins involved in signalling pathways which regulate cytoskeleton organization, synaptic vesicle transport and, maybe, other cellular functions. Also, they suggest a provacative picture that conceptualizes MRX as disorders resulting from a dysfunctioning of genes required for processes such as the remodelling, establishment and stabilization of connections between neuronal cells. Such processes are crucial for the development of intellectual and cognitive functions. As these functions begin to evolve mainly in post-natal stages through contact with diverse stimuli and environments, a potential therapeutic approach would be the development of drugs that target cellular signalling pathways shown to be implicated in MRX.
Topics: Genetic Linkage; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Syndrome; X Chromosome
PubMed: 10469834
DOI: 10.1093/hmg/8.10.1833 -
Research in Developmental Disabilities 2000We conducted a 10 year review of the literature pertaining to psychopharmacology and mental retardation. Studies were included or excluded from the review based on... (Review)
Review
We conducted a 10 year review of the literature pertaining to psychopharmacology and mental retardation. Studies were included or excluded from the review based on meeting one or more of the methodological criteria normally considered fundamental for sound scientific research. The vast majority of studies conducted in the last 10 years in this area had major methodological flaws. While a large number of medications were prescribed for various psychological disorders and behavior problems, most drug administrations were not based in science, were not evaluated appropriately, and generally did not follow best practices for treatment of persons with mental retardation. Very few medications prescribed were behavior or psychiatric symptom specific; that is, most medications were given to suppress a myriad of aberrant behaviors thus chemically restraining the individual in question. Practices such as these present serious problems for service providers due to the deleterious side effects of many psychotropic medications and the federal government's intervention into the care-provision practices of developmental centers, community homes, and other living arrangements for persons with mental retardation. Implications of our review are discussed.
Topics: Aggression; Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); Humans; Intellectual Disability; Mental Disorders; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Psychopharmacology; Self-Injurious Behavior
PubMed: 10983783
DOI: 10.1016/s0891-4222(00)00042-1