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Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part... Jul 2009This study highlights the dynamic nature of the mesenchymal cells during tooth development from the bud to the bell stage. Condensing mesenchymal cells, labelled on...
This study highlights the dynamic nature of the mesenchymal cells during tooth development from the bud to the bell stage. Condensing mesenchymal cells, labelled on either side of the developing tooth bud, move toward the presumptive roots forming an arc of cells under the dental papilla. These labelled cells take part in formation of the dental follicle, which contributes to both the tooth and its surrounding periodontium, including the supporting alveolar bone. This study, thus, physically links development of the tooth with the tissue into which it develops. The results obtained clearly indicate that the tooth organ is an entity comprising dental and periodontal tissue.
Topics: Animals; Bone Development; Cell Culture Techniques; Mandible; Mesoderm; Mice; Molar; Odontogenesis; Osteogenesis; Periodontics; Tooth Germ
PubMed: 19165875
DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21269 -
Scientific Reports May 2015Odontogenesis is accomplished by reciprocal signaling between the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments. It is generally accepted that the inductive mesenchyme is...
Odontogenesis is accomplished by reciprocal signaling between the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments. It is generally accepted that the inductive mesenchyme is capable of inducing the odontogenic commitment of both dental and non-dental epithelial cells. However, the duration of this signal in the developing dental mesenchyme and whether adult dental pulp tissue maintains its inductive capability remain unclear. This study investigated the contribution of growth factors to regulating the inductive potential of the dental mesenchyme. Human oral epithelial cells (OEs) were co-cultured with either human dental mesenchymal/papilla cells (FDPCs) or human dental pulp cells (ADPCs) under 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional conditions. Odontogenic-associated genes and proteins were detected by qPCR and immunofluorescence, respectively, and significant differences were observed between the two co-culture systems. The BMP7 and EREG expression levels in FDPCs were significantly higher than in ADPCs, as indicated by human growth factor PCR arrays and immunofluorescence analyses. OEs co-cultured with ADPCs supplemented with BMP7 and EREG expressed ameloblastic differentiation genes. Our study suggests that BMP7 and EREG expression in late bell-stage human dental papilla contributes to the inductive potential of dental mesenchyme. Furthermore, adult dental pulp cells supplemented with these two growth factors re-established the inductive potential of postnatal dental pulp tissue.
Topics: Amelogenin; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Cluster Analysis; Coculture Techniques; Dental Enamel Proteins; Dental Papilla; Dental Pulp; Epiregulin; Epithelial Cells; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Humans; Mesoderm; Odontogenesis; PAX9 Transcription Factor
PubMed: 25952286
DOI: 10.1038/srep09903 -
Current Opinion in Genetics &... Aug 2009Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) drive epithelial remodelling by converting cohesive, stable epithelial layers into individual, motile mesenchymal cells. It is... (Review)
Review
Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) drive epithelial remodelling by converting cohesive, stable epithelial layers into individual, motile mesenchymal cells. It is now becoming clear that, from being an all-or-nothing switch, EMT can be applied in a fine-tuned manner to allow the efficient migration of cohesive epithelia that maintain their internal organisation. Recent work suggests that such collective motility involves a complex balance between epithelial and mesenchyme-like cell states that is driven by internal and external cues. Although this cohesive mode requires more complex control than single cell migration, it creates opportunities in term of tissue guidance and shaping that are starting to be unravelled.
Topics: Animals; Body Patterning; Cell Adhesion; Cell Movement; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Humans; Mesoderm; Models, Biological
PubMed: 19464162
DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2009.04.007 -
Edinburgh Medical Journal Feb 1949
Topics: Disease; Mesoderm; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Peptide Nucleic Acids
PubMed: 18143316
DOI: No ID Found -
Developmental Biology Feb 1983Metatarsal bone rudiments taken from 12- to 17-day-old mouse embryos were cultivated as organ cultures and/or transplanted on to the chorioallantoic membranes of...
Metatarsal bone rudiments taken from 12- to 17-day-old mouse embryos were cultivated as organ cultures and/or transplanted on to the chorioallantoic membranes of Japanese quail embryos, with or without the adhering surrounding mesenchyme. In cultivated explants the presence of mesenchyme was essential for the development of osteoclasts. This mesenchyme contained small blood vessels. In transplants with adhering mesenchyme, graft (mouse)-derived osteoclasts predominated, whereas in transplants without surrounding mesenchyme the osteoclasts originated from host (quail) cells. Distinction could be made between mouse- and quail-derived osteoclasts because of the specificity of the chromatin pattern of quail cell nuclei. Precartilaginous anlagen of metatarsals precultured before transplantation, displayed mouse-derived osteoclasts, thus indicating that osteoclast progenitor cells home into the long bone anlage very early, in this case at least 6 days before the appearance of osteoclasts in vivo. During embryonic development, osteoclast progenitor cells could very well be (as in the adult situation) hematopoetic cells conveyed to the site of long bone development by the circulating blood as soon as distribution of these cells starts from central blood-cell forming organs to the periphery. Mesenchyme in and around the long bone region seems to play a role as early deposition site of these cells where proliferation, differentiation, and fusion of osteoclast progenitor cells take place and are controlled.
Topics: Animals; Bone Transplantation; Bone and Bones; Cell Differentiation; Coturnix; Mesoderm; Metatarsus; Mice; Organ Culture Techniques; Osteoclasts
PubMed: 6337888
DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(83)90044-1 -
Journal of Cell Science Oct 2005
Topics: Animals; Epithelial Cells; Extracellular Matrix; Mesoderm; Morphogenesis; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 16179603
DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02552 -
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences :... Oct 2018Mesenchymoangioblast (MB) is the earliest precursor for endothelial and mesenchymal cells originating from APLNRPDGFRαKDR mesoderm in human pluripotent stem cell... (Review)
Review
Mesenchymoangioblast (MB) is the earliest precursor for endothelial and mesenchymal cells originating from APLNRPDGFRαKDR mesoderm in human pluripotent stem cell cultures. MBs are identified based on their capacity to form FGF2-dependent compact spheroid colonies in a serum-free semisolid medium. MBs colonies are composed of PDGFRβCD271EMCNDLK1CD73 primitive mesenchymal cells which are generated through endothelial/angioblastic intermediates (cores) formed during first 3-4 days of clonogenic cultures. MB-derived primitive mesenchymal cells have potential to differentiate into mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), pericytes, and smooth muscle cells. In this review, we summarize the specification and developmental potential of MBs, emphasize features that distinguish MBs from other mesenchymal progenitors described in the literature and discuss the value of these findings for identifying molecular pathways leading to MSC and vasculogenic cell specification, and developing cellular therapies using MB-derived progeny.
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Cell Lineage; Embryonic Development; Endothelial Cells; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Mesoderm; Pluripotent Stem Cells; Spheroids, Cellular
PubMed: 29992471
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2871-3 -
Transplantation Proceedings Oct 2005Stem or progenitor cells are a promising potential alternative source of pancreatic islets for transplantation in the treatment of juvenile-onset diabetes. However, to...
Stem or progenitor cells are a promising potential alternative source of pancreatic islets for transplantation in the treatment of juvenile-onset diabetes. However, to derive islets from such cells, it is important to elucidate the mechanisms of normal pancreatic development. Previous work in our laboratory has shown that, contrary to previous thinking, pancreatic mesenchyme when combined with pancreatic epithelium can contribute cells to islets. However, the signals and role of individual tissues involved in this mesenchyme-to-epithelial transition (MET) have yet to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether MET can occur in the absence of pancreatic epithelium. Chick and quail eggs were incubated for 4 days and the dorsal pancreatic buds and stomach rudiments were microdissected. Mesenchyme and epithelium of the organ rudiments were separated after collagenase treatment. Separated pancreatic mesenchyme were cultured alone and in combination with stomach (nonpancreatic). After 7 days of culture, the specimens were analysed using immunohistochemistry for quail-specific nucleolar antigen (QCPN), insulin, and islet precursor cell marker (ISL-1). Pancreatic mesenchyme when cultured in the absence of epithelium did not differentiate into islets, but differentiated into fibroblast-like cells. When pancreatic mesenchyme were cultured in combination with stomach epithelium, there was no evidence of mesenchymally derived islets. We have demonstrated that pancreatic mesenchyme require pancreatic epithelium to differentiate into islet cells. These findings further increase our understanding of normal pancreatic islet development and may help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of MET in islet development.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Chick Embryo; Coturnix; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Epithelial Cells; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Mesoderm; Pancreas
PubMed: 16298636
DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.09.026 -
Circulation Research Aug 2006Closure of the primary atrial foramen is achieved by fusion of the atrioventricular cushions with the mesenchymal cap on the leading edge of the muscular primary atrial...
Closure of the primary atrial foramen is achieved by fusion of the atrioventricular cushions with the mesenchymal cap on the leading edge of the muscular primary atrial septum. A fourth component involved is the vestibular spine, originally described by His in 1880 as an intra-cardiac continuation of the extra-cardiac mesenchyme of the dorsal mesocardium. The morphogenesis of this area is of great clinical interest, because of the high incidence of atrial and atrioventricular septal defects. Nonetheless, the origin of the participating components is largely unknown. Here we report that the primary atrial foramen is surrounded in its entirety by mesenchyme derived from endocardium. A second population of mesenchyme not derived from endocardium was observed at the caudal margin of the mesenchymal atrial cap, entirely embedded within the mesenchyme derived from endocardium and contiguous with the mesenchyme of the dorsal mesocardium. Our reconstructions show this second population does indeed take the form of a short spine, albeit that it is the right pulmonary ridge, rather than this spine, that protrudes into the atrial lumen. From the stance of morphological description, therefore, there is little thus far to substantiate the existence of an atrial spine.
Topics: Embryonic Development; Heart Atria; Heart Septum; Humans; Mesoderm
PubMed: 16873717
DOI: 10.1161/01.RES.0000238360.33284.a0 -
Development (Cambridge, England) Feb 2021Within the developing head, tissues undergo cell-fate transitions to shape the forming structures. This starts with the neural crest, which undergoes... (Review)
Review
Within the developing head, tissues undergo cell-fate transitions to shape the forming structures. This starts with the neural crest, which undergoes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to form, amongst other tissues, many of the skeletal tissues of the head. In the eye and ear, these neural crest cells then transform back into an epithelium, via mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), highlighting the flexibility of this population. Elsewhere in the head, the epithelium loses its integrity and transforms into mesenchyme. Here, we review these craniofacial transitions, looking at why they happen, the factors that trigger them, and the cell and molecular changes they involve. We also discuss the consequences of aberrant EMT and MET in the head.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Movement; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Epithelium; Head; Humans; Mesoderm; Neural Crest; Organ Specificity; Vertebrates
PubMed: 33589510
DOI: 10.1242/dev.196030