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PloS One 2020To assess and compare the enamel surface quality after interproximal enamel reduction (IPR) was performed with different systems and to study the relation between acid... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES
To assess and compare the enamel surface quality after interproximal enamel reduction (IPR) was performed with different systems and to study the relation between acid penetration depth and enamel surface quality as well as the importance of remineralization.
METHODS
Sixty-five extracted teeth were randomly allocated to five experimental groups: untreated control, manual with New Metal Strips, mechanical with oscillating segment (OS) discs, Safe-Tipped Bur Kit, and the Ortho-Strip, followed by 30 s of polishing with the Softflex system and the Compo-system after treating the tooth with OS discs. Mesial surfaces were demineralized for 24 h and distal surfaces were subjected to interchanging demineralization and remineralization cycles of 24 h each for 18 days. The analysis was carried out by profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, and polarization microscopy.
RESULTS
After IPR and polishing, enamel roughness was reduced for all systems tested except for the Essix Safe-Tipped Bur Kit. Subsequent demineralization increased enamel roughness in all groups except controls beyond the original level prior to IPR except for IPR with New Metal Strips or Ortho-Strips and subsequent polishing. Cyclic demineralization and remineralization for 18 days yielded a reduction in acid penetration depth and an increase in surface smoothness, which correlated with each other only for controls and treatment with New Metal Strips or Ortho-Strips.
CONCLUSIONS
Manual IPR, using New Metal Strips and, even more, the oscillating IPR system Ortho-Strips, yielded smoother interproximal enamel surfaces and less acid penetration depth than the IPR systems with OS discs and the Safe-Tipped Bur Kit after polishing and 18 days of cyclic demineralization and remineralization. Irrespective of the IPR procedure, proper remineralization of IPR-treated surfaces is advisable to reduce caries susceptibility.
Topics: Dental Enamel; Dental Etching; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microscopy, Polarization; Surface Properties; Tooth
PubMed: 32119700
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229595 -
The Angle Orthodontist Jan 2021To investigate the correspondence between programmed interproximal reduction (p-IPR) and implemented interproximal reduction (i-IPR) in an everyday-practice scenario.... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the correspondence between programmed interproximal reduction (p-IPR) and implemented interproximal reduction (i-IPR) in an everyday-practice scenario. The secondary objective was to estimate factors that might influence i-IPR to make the process more efficient.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifty patients treated with aligner therapy by six orthodontists were included in this prospective observational study. Impressions were taken at the beginning of treatment and after the first set of aligners. Data on p-IPR, i-IPR and technical aspects of IPR were gathered for 464 teeth. Statistical analyses included the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Kruskal-Wallis, and multilevel mixed regression.
RESULTS
Mean difference between p-IPR and i-IPR was 0.15 mm (SD: 0.14 mm; P = .0001), with lower canines showing the highest discrepancy. Use of burs and measuring gauges resulted in a smaller difference (respectively: coeff.: 0.09, P = .029; coeff.: -0.06, P = .013). IPR was performed more accurately on the mesial surface of teeth than on the distal surface. Round tripping before IPR resulted in a slightly more precise i-IPR compared to the previous alignment (coeff.: -0.021, P = .041).
CONCLUSIONS
Implemented IPR tends to be less than p-IPR, especially for lower canines and distal surfaces of teeth. Burs tend to provide more precise i-IPR, especially compared to manual strips; however, there is variation between the techniques. Using a measuring gauge tends to increase the precision of i-iPR. As several factors influence the implementation of IPR, particular attention must be paid during the procedure to maximize its precision.
Topics: Bicuspid; Dental Enamel; Humans; Orthodontists
PubMed: 33339043
DOI: 10.2319/040920-272.1 -
Acta Stomatologica Croatica Sep 2020The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the microleakage of conventional glass-ionomer, resin modified glass-ionomer and glass hybrid ionomer Class II open...
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the microleakage of conventional glass-ionomer, resin modified glass-ionomer and glass hybrid ionomer Class II open sandwich restorations with or without saliva contamination.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sixty extracted sound human molar teeth were used and 120 class II slot cavities were prepared in mesial and distal surfaces. The gingival margins were located 1 mm below the cementoenamel junction. All specimens were randomly divided in 4 groups (n=15): Group I: High-Viscous Glass Ionomer (Fuji IX GP) Group II: Resin Modified Glass Ionomer (Fuji II LC) Group III: Glass Hybrid Ionomer (Equia-fil Forte), Group IV: Composite Resin (G'aenial Posterior). In open sandwich restoration groups, glass ionomer materials were placed to gingival floor in 1 mm thickness and rest of the cavity was filled with resin composite. After the restorations in mesial surfaces had been performed, distal cavities were restored with the same protocol after saliva contamination. The specimens were thermo-cycled for 10000 cycles at 5C to 55C and immersed in methylene blue dye solution (% 0,5) for 24 hours. Then, they were sectioned vertically through the center of the restorations from mesial to distal surface with a water-cooled diamond saw with 1mm thickness. Subsequently, the dye penetration was evaluated with image analysis software. Data were statistically analyzed (p<0.05).
RESULTS
There was a statistically significant difference between gingival microleakage scores in no contamination groups, between high-viscous glass ionomer, Fuji IX GP and other materials tested (p<0.05). In saliva contaminated groups, there was no statistically significant difference between gingival microleakage scores (p>0.05). Additionally, there was not a statistically significant difference between the no contamination and saliva contaminated groups regardless of dental materials tested (p>0.05).
CONCLUSION
Within the limitations of this study, in open sandwich restorations, saliva contamination did not show an adverse effect on microleakage irrespective of dental materials tested. Glass hybrid ionomers and resin modified glass ionomers showed lower microleakage scores in gingival margins compared to high-viscous glass ionomer material in no contamination groups.
PubMed: 33132390
DOI: 10.15644/asc54/3/5 -
The Journal of Contemporary Dental... Jul 2019The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of proximal decay in the permanent first molar.
AIM
The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of proximal decay in the permanent first molar.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Oral Medicine, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences. A total of 171 patients presenting with 227 first molars were included. Calibrated examiners performed a detailed history and examination using a specialized form. The form recorded caries predictors and assigned a caries risk category based on the presence of these predictors. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS for windows version 17. A descriptive analysis was used to calculate the mean and proportions. Backward regression was carried out to evaluate the predictor for caries on mesial and distal surfaces at ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS
The included 171 patients presented with a total of 227 decayed first molars and 412 decayed proximal surfaces. The mesial surface was found to be more affected by decay (0.92 ± 0.85). The caries risk profile explains 60%, and caries on the adjacent surface explains 90% of caries occurrence on the mesial surface. In the case of distal surfaces, the predictor which can cause caries significantly was caries risk only. The caries risk profile explains the 3% of caries occurrence on distal surfaces.
CONCLUSION
Our study identified caries on the adjacent tooth surface and the caries risk profile as significant predictors of future caries risk for the mesial surface of permanent molars.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Predictors for mesial and distal surfaces of the permanent first molar may differ. Overall caries risk and status of adjacent teeth must be taken into account to predict future caries occurrence.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; DMF Index; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Humans; Molar; Regression Analysis
PubMed: 31742565
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic... Jun 2014To evaluate the effect of Platelet-Rich-Plasma (PRP) and different implant surface topography on implant stability and bone levels around immediately loaded dental...
PURPOSE
To evaluate the effect of Platelet-Rich-Plasma (PRP) and different implant surface topography on implant stability and bone levels around immediately loaded dental implants.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Dental implants were placed in subjects divided into two groups and four subgroups on basis of implant treatment with PRP and implant surface topography used. A total of 30 implants were placed, 15 in each group. For PRP group, implants were placed after surface treatment with PRP. Temporization was done within two weeks and final prosthesis was given after three months. Implant stability was measured with Periotest at baseline, one month and three months. Bone height was measured on mesial & distal side on standardized IOPA x-rays.
RESULTS
A statistically significant difference was noticed in implant stability with PRP at baseline. The effect of PRP on bone height changes was not statistically significant. A synergistic effect of PRP and square thread-form was observed on improved implant stability and bone levels; however, no such effect is seen with PRP and reverse buttress thread-form.
CONCLUSION
Within the limitation of this study, enhancement on implant stability and bone healing was observed with PRP treated implant surfaces, and with use of implant with square thread-form.
PubMed: 25121060
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/9177.4478 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Mar 2018To evaluate the predictive power of the morphology of the distal surface on 1st and mesial surface on 2nd primary molar teeth on caries development in young children.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the predictive power of the morphology of the distal surface on 1st and mesial surface on 2nd primary molar teeth on caries development in young children.
SAMPLE AND METHODS
Out of 101 3-to 4-year-old children from an on-going study, 62 children, for whom parents' informed consent was given, participated. Upper and lower molar teeth of one randomly selected side received a 2-day temporarily separation. Bitewing radiographs and silicone impressions of interproximal area (IPA) were obtained. One-year procedures were repeated in 52 children (84%). The morphology of the distal surfaces of the first molar teeth and the mesial surfaces on the second molar teeth (n=208) was scored from the occlusal aspect on images from the baseline resin models resulting in four IPA variants: concave-concave; concave-convex; convex-concave, and convex-convex. Approximal caries on the surface in question was radiographically assessed as absent/present.
RESULTS
Of the 52 children examined at follow-up, 31 children (60%) had 1-4 concave surfaces. In total 53 (25%) of the 208 surfaces were concave. A total of 22 children (43%) had 1-4 approximal lesions adding up to 59 lesions. Multiple logistic regression analyses disclosed that gender, surface morphology on one of the approximal surfaces (focus-surface), and adjacent-surface morphology were significantly related to caries development (p values ≤ 0.03). The odds ratio for developing caries in the focus-surface/adjacent-surface in the four IPA variants were convex-convex, 1.0; convex-concave, 5.5 (CI 2.0-14.7); concave-convex, 12.9 (CI 4.1-40.3); and concave-concave, 15.7 (CI 5.1-48.3).
CONCLUSION
Morphology of approximal surfaces in primary molar teeth, in particular both surfaces being concave, significantly influences the risk of developing caries.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The concave morphology of approximal surfaces can predict future caries lesions supporting specific home-care and in-office preventive strategies.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Colombia; Dental Caries; Female; Humans; Male; Models, Dental; Molar; Oral Hygiene; Prevalence; Radiography, Bitewing; Risk Factors; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 28735465
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2174-3 -
Journal of Periodontology Apr 1985The root surface area (RSA) per millimeter of root length was determined for 20 extracted mandibular first molars. The molars were cross-sectioned at 1-mm increments,...
The root surface area (RSA) per millimeter of root length was determined for 20 extracted mandibular first molars. The molars were cross-sectioned at 1-mm increments, and each section photographed, projected and measured with a calibrated opisometer. The RSA and per cent RSA were calculated for each 1 mm of root length (1-mm section), the root trunk and the individual roots. Also measured was the location of the root separations from the root trunk, the location of the first detectable root concavity, and the prevalence of "intermediate bifurcation ridges" (IBRs). Mean measurements indicated that the greatest RSA per millimeter of root length was 4 to 7 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) in the area of the furcation. Of the total RSA, 48.7% was located in the coronal 6 mm of a root (mean length, 14.4 mm). Root separation occurred 4.0 mm apical to the CEJ with no tooth having a root trunk longer than 6 mm. Buccal and lingual root concavities were first present 0.7 mm and 0.3 mm apical to the CEJ, respectively. Fourteen (70%) of the 20 teeth had IBRs. According to the mean measurements, the mesial root was larger than the distal root by a ratio of 1.0:0.88. Horizontal attachment loss of 6 mm affecting both the buccal and lingual surfaces of the mandibular first molar would have resulted in a through and through (grade 3) furcation involvement of all the teeth studied.
Topics: Humans; Mandible; Molar; Odontometry; Surface Properties; Tooth Root
PubMed: 3858505
DOI: 10.1902/jop.1985.56.4.234 -
Journal of Clinical Periodontology Aug 1988This study comprised 1131 persons who constitute a stratified random sample of the entire population aged 15-65 years in Machakos District, Kenya. Each person was...
This study comprised 1131 persons who constitute a stratified random sample of the entire population aged 15-65 years in Machakos District, Kenya. Each person was examined for tooth mobility, plaque, calculus, gingival bleeding, loss of attachment and pocket depth on the mesial, buccal, distal and lingual surface of each tooth. The oral hygiene was poor with plaque on 75-95% and calculus on 10-85% of the surfaces depending on age. Irrespective of age, pockets greater than or equal to 4 mm was seen on less than 20% of the surfaces, whereas 10-85% of the surfaces had loss of attachment greater than or equal to 1 mm. The proportion of surfaces per individual with loss of attachment greater than or equal to 4 mm or greater than or equal to 7 mm, and pocket depths greater than or equal to 4 mm or greater than or equal to 7 mm, respectively, showed a pronounced skewed distribution, indicating that in each age group, a subfraction of individuals is responsible for a substantial proportion of the total periodontal breakdown. The individual teeth within the dentition also showed a marked variation in the severity of periodontal breakdown. Our findings provide additional evidence that destructive periodontal disease should not be perceived as an inevitable consequence of gingivitis which ultimately leads to considerable tooth loss. A more specific characterization of the features of periodontal breakdown in those individuals who seem particularly susceptible is therefore warranted.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Calculus; Dental Plaque; Female; Gingival Hemorrhage; Humans; Kenya; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Pocket; Rural Population
PubMed: 3263399
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1988.tb01599.x -
Caries Research 2017The aim of this split-mouth, randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of proximal sealing for avoiding the development of new caries lesions or... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this split-mouth, randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of proximal sealing for avoiding the development of new caries lesions or arresting incipient caries lesions on the mesial surface of first permanent molars (6m) abutting lesions on the distal surface of second primary molars (05d) in children at high caries risk.
METHODS
A total of 61 children 8-10 years old were selected based on the caries status of the proximal sites of 05d and 6m. Children with caries on 05d and caries-free 6m were placed in the preventive sealing group and children with caries on both 05d and 6m in the therapeutic group. The children in each group had one 6m surface pair and in each pair one 6m surface was randomly allocated to receive a preventive or therapeutic sealing. Using a split-mouth design, the other 6m surface in the pair served as control.
RESULTS
After 3.5 years, standardized follow-up radiographs were obtained for the 45 children who remained. In the preventive sealing group, 4 out of 30 (13.3%) sealed and 16 out of 30 (53.3%) unsealed sound 6m surfaces had developed new caries lesions (p = 0.004, McNemar test). In the therapeutic sealing group, the progression of the carious lesions on 6m was observed in 3 out of 15 sealed (20.0%) and 8 out of 15 (53.3%) unsealed caries control surfaces (p = 0.06).
CONCLUSIONS
Preventive sealing on sound 6m surfaces abutting 05d lesions in children at high caries risk efficaciously prevents the development of caries lesions. Therapeutically sealing active non-cavitated caries lesions reduces the progression.
Topics: Child; Dental Caries; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Time Factors
PubMed: 28618424
DOI: 10.1159/000470851 -
International Orthodontics Jun 2019Interdental stripping is often used in orthodontics to correct discrepancies of tooth shape or size. However, this procedure involves significant risks for the enamel....
INTRODUCTION
Interdental stripping is often used in orthodontics to correct discrepancies of tooth shape or size. However, this procedure involves significant risks for the enamel. The roughness of the enamel surface might depend on the instruments used; it can lead to the accumulation of cariogenic plaque and periodontal problems. The main objective of our study was to evaluate the enamel surface condition after interproximal stripping in the mouth, by comparing different manual and mechanized enamel reduction protocols; on the other hand, the topography of the stripped area was observed to specify its location on the stripped proximal surfaces.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An in vivo study was carried out: interdental stripping was performed in the mouths of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment and on healthy teeth intended for extraction for orthodontic or periodontal reasons. The sample was divided into four groups: in group 1, the distal faces were stripped with conventional single-sided diamond abrasive strips and non-stripped mesial faces (control faces); in group 2: the distal faces were stripped with the manual ContacEZ IRP Kit (single-sided abrasive files of different grain sizes) and non-stripped mesial faces (control faces); in group 3: the faces were stripped with ContacEZ IRP diamond discs attached to a handpiece and the mesial faces were not stripped (control faces); in group 4: the distal faces were stripped with the Intensiv Ortho-Strips mechanized system and the mesial faces were not stripped (control faces).
RESULTS
Our study showed that regardless of the type of stripping material used, the enamel surface showed some roughness with the presence of striations and grooves of different widths and depths. Our observations objectivised more regular and less roughened enamel surface conditions when using the Intensiv oscillating files. Manual instruments (abrasive strips and files) have shown rougher and more irregular surface conditions that may constitute a real risk of carious and periodontal disease. The macroscopic evaluation of the topography of the stripped area showed that there is great variability in the situation and extent of the stripped area in relation to several parameters.
CONCLUSION
The current mechanized instruments (oscillating files) provide enamel stripping with more comfort for the patient and the practitioner, and seem to produce a more regular and less harmful surface condition for the tooth and periodontium.
Topics: Bicuspid; Dental Enamel; Dental Polishing; Gingiva; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Surface Properties; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 30981677
DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2019.03.005