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Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... Feb 2013Metabolic syndrome (Mets) is a combination of disorders including abdominal obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia and hypertension, which increases risk for... (Review)
Review
Metabolic syndrome (Mets) is a combination of disorders including abdominal obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia and hypertension, which increases risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes when occurring together. In Japan, diagnosis criteria of Mets consists of an increased waist circumference and 2 or more of CVD risk factors. Annual health checkups and health guidance using Mets criteria were established in 2008 for the prevention of life-style related diseases in Japan. In this issue, history and diagnostic criteria of Mets and concerns for Mets concept were described.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Japan; Metabolic Syndrome; Risk Factors; Waist Circumference
PubMed: 23631204
DOI: No ID Found -
Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic... Mar 2016In ancient Greek medicine the concept of a distinct syndrome (going together) was used to label 'a group of signs and symptoms' that occur together and 'characterize a... (Review)
Review
In ancient Greek medicine the concept of a distinct syndrome (going together) was used to label 'a group of signs and symptoms' that occur together and 'characterize a particular abnormality and condition'. The (dys)metabolic syndrome is a common cluster of five pre-morbid metabolic-vascular risk factors or diseases associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity, fatty liver disease and risk of cancer. The risk for major complications such as cardiovascular diseases, NASH and some cancers develops along a continuum of risk factors into clinical diseases. Therefore we still include hyperglycemia, visceral obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension as diagnostic traits in the definition according to the term 'deadly quartet'. From the beginning elevated blood pressure and hyperglycemia were core traits of the metabolic syndrome associated with endothelial dysfunction and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Thus metabolic and vascular abnormalities are in extricable linked. Therefore it seems reasonable to extend the term to metabolic-vascular syndrome (MVS) to signal the clinical relevance and related risk of multimorbidity. This has important implications for integrated diagnostics and therapeutic approach. According to the definition of a syndrome the rapid global rise in the prevalence of all traits and comorbidities of the MVS is mainly caused by rapid changes in life-style and sociocultural transition resp. with over- and malnutrition, low physical activity and social stress as a common soil.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome
PubMed: 26956847
DOI: 10.1007/s11154-016-9345-4 -
Journal of Hypertension Apr 2006Although the modern era of what we now call the 'metabolic syndrome' or the 'insulin resistance syndrome' seems to have started less than two decades ago with the... (Review)
Review
Although the modern era of what we now call the 'metabolic syndrome' or the 'insulin resistance syndrome' seems to have started less than two decades ago with the description of syndrome X by G.M. Reaven in the late 1980s, the history of this syndrome is much longer. In particular, a considerable number of scientists, starting as early as almost 90 years ago, have described the very common coexistence of the various components of the syndrome, including hypertension, and some of them gave several names to this clustering. On the other hand, during the past few years several international organizations have tried to form a reference context of what is included under the terms 'metabolic syndrome' and 'insulin resistance syndrome', proposing various 'definitions' for them. This review summarizes the history of the syndrome, from the early descriptions and other valuable contributions to the recent attempts to define it, as a small piece in honour of the pioneer workers in this field during the twentieth century.
Topics: History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 16531786
DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000217840.26971.b6 -
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Jan 2014To perform a detailed, qualitative review of existing literature on the co-occurrence of bipolar disorder and metabolic syndrome, the impact of metabolic dysregulation... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To perform a detailed, qualitative review of existing literature on the co-occurrence of bipolar disorder and metabolic syndrome, the impact of metabolic dysregulation on patients with bipolar disorder, and treatment considerations, with a focus on bipolar depression.
DATA SOURCES
Searches of the PubMed database (October 23, 2012) and Cochrane Library (September 20, 2013) were conducted for English-language articles published from January 1980 onward containing the keywords bipolar AND metabolic, weight, obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, OR hypertension in the title or abstract. The searches yielded 1,817 citations from which case reports, conference abstracts, and pediatric studies were excluded.
STUDY SELECTION
Abstracts and titles were evaluated for relevance to the stated objectives. Full texts of 176 articles were obtained for further evaluation; additional articles were identified from reference lists.
RESULTS
Metabolic risk factors are highly prevalent yet undertreated in patients with bipolar disorder. Putative factors accounting for the link between bipolar disorder and metabolic syndrome include behavioral/phenomenological features, shared neurobiologic abnormalities, and adverse effects of psychotropic medications. A comprehensive assessment of metabolic risk and regular monitoring of body mass index, waist circumference, lipid profile, and plasma glucose are important for patients with bipolar disorder. Management strategies for the bipolar patient with metabolic risk factors include use of bipolar disorder medications with better metabolic profiles, lifestyle interventions, and adjunctive pharmacotherapy for dyslipidemia, hypertension, and/or hyperglycemia.
CONCLUSIONS
Adequate management of metabolic syndrome may improve clinical outcomes in patients with bipolar disorder, as well as prevent adverse cardiovascular events and the development of diabetes.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Comorbidity; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome
PubMed: 24502861
DOI: 10.4088/JCP.13r08634 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Oct 2011Metabolic support in intensive care is a rapidly evolving field with new information being gathered almost on a daily basis. In endocrine practice, over the last 20... (Review)
Review
Metabolic support in intensive care is a rapidly evolving field with new information being gathered almost on a daily basis. In endocrine practice, over the last 20 years, researchers have focussed on a new entity, termed the "metabolic syndrome". This describes the constellation of abnormalities which include central adiposity, insulin resistance and inflammation. All of these predispose the individual to a greater risk of cardiovascular events. Of interest is the observation that some of the metabolic abnormalities in sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome of critical illness share several common features with that of the metabolic syndrome. In this chapter we describe the features of the metabolic syndrome as is understood in endocrine parlance, the metabolic abnormalities of critical illness and explore the common threads underlying the pathophysiology and the treatment of the two syndromes. The role of adiponectin in the metabolic abnormalities in both the metabolic syndrome and in sepsis are reviewed. The potential role of the pleiotropic effects of statins in the therapy of sepsis is also discussed.
Topics: Critical Care; Critical Illness; Endocrine System Diseases; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome
PubMed: 21925082
DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2011.04.008 -
Cardiovascular Therapeutics Feb 2016Childhood and adolescence are particularly vulnerable periods of life to the effects of cardiometabolic risk and later development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and... (Review)
Review
Childhood and adolescence are particularly vulnerable periods of life to the effects of cardiometabolic risk and later development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Developing countries with limited resources suffer most heavily from the consequences of cardiometabolic risk in children and its future implications to the global health burden. A better understanding of mechanisms leading to cardiometabolic risk in early life may lead to more effective prevention and intervention strategies to reduce metabolic stress in children and later disease. Longitudinal "tracking" studies of cardiometabolic risk in children provide a tremendous global resource to direct prevention strategies for cardiovascular disease. In this review, we will summarize the pathophysiology, existing definitions for cardiometabolic risk components in children. Screening and identifying children and adolescents of high cardiometabolic risk and encouraging them and their families through healthy lifestyle changes should be implemented to as a global public health strategy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Child; Disease Progression; Female; Global Health; Humans; Life Style; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction Behavior; Time Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 26588351
DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12165 -
Advances in Clinical Chemistry 2015Menopause is a risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. MetS is a constellation of... (Review)
Review
Menopause is a risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. MetS is a constellation of interdependent factors such as insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The prevalence of MetS in postmenopause is due to loss of the protective role of estrogens and increased circulating androgens resulting in changes to body fat distribution and development of abdominal obesity. Excessive visceral adipose tissue plays an important role due to synthesis and secretion of bioactive substances such as adipocytokines, proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, prothrombotic, and vasoconstrictor factors. MetS may also impact risk assessment of breast cancer, osteoporosis and chronic kidney disease, and quality of life during the menopausal transition. Increased MetS has stimulated the exploration of new laboratory tests for early detection and therapies.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Menopause; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged
PubMed: 26471080
DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2015.07.001 -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research Sep 2008The metabolic syndrome, a constellation of symptoms associated with obesity, dyslipidaemia, insulin insensitivity, deranged glucose metabolism and hypertension has been... (Review)
Review
The metabolic syndrome, a constellation of symptoms associated with obesity, dyslipidaemia, insulin insensitivity, deranged glucose metabolism and hypertension has been gaining widespread interest due to its immense clinical relevance. We review the metabolic syndrome in terms of its diagnostic criteria and its relationship with severe mental illnesses and psychotropic medications, and the guidelines to manage it.
Topics: Humans; Mental Disorders; Metabolic Syndrome; Psychotropic Drugs
PubMed: 19052333
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Opinion in Lipidology Jun 2003
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Humans; Life Style; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 12840663
DOI: 10.1097/00041433-200306000-00013 -
FP Essentials Aug 2015
Topics: Family Practice; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 26280339
DOI: No ID Found