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Current Diabetes Reports Feb 2004The metabolic syndrome was recently defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III. Despite a lack of uniform definition of the syndrome in pediatrics, recent studies have... (Review)
Review
The metabolic syndrome was recently defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III. Despite a lack of uniform definition of the syndrome in pediatrics, recent studies have shown that the syndrome develops during childhood and is highly prevalent among overweight children and adolescents. The hypothesized central role of insulin resistance and obesity as a common underlying feature of the metabolic syndrome also appears to be already manifested in childhood. In view of the current obesity epidemic in children and adolescents, there is a vital need to provide adequate guidelines for the definition of the metabolic syndrome in pediatrics and for the development of screening and treatment strategies. This article focuses on the above issues, as well as on the impact of the syndrome on two major disease outcomes, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Distribution; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Mass Screening; Metabolic Syndrome; Prevalence
PubMed: 14764281
DOI: 10.1007/s11892-004-0012-x -
Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio) Oct 2023Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), a class of cells with proliferative, immunomodulatory, and reparative functions, have shown therapeutic potential in a variety of... (Review)
Review
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), a class of cells with proliferative, immunomodulatory, and reparative functions, have shown therapeutic potential in a variety of systemic diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MetS). The cluster of morbidities that constitute MetS might be particularly amenable for the application of MSCs, which employ an arsenal of reparative actions to target multiple pathogenic pathways simultaneously. Preclinical studies have shown that MSCs can reverse pathological changes in MetS mainly by inhibiting inflammation, improving insulin resistance, regulating glycolipid metabolism, and protecting organ function. However, several challenges remain to overcome before MSCs can be applied for treating MetS. For example, the merits of autologous versus allogeneic MSCs sources remain unclear, particularly with autologous MSCs obtained from the noxious MetS milieu. The distinct characteristics and relative efficacy of MSCs harvested from different tissue sources also require clarification. Moreover, to improve the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, investigators have explored several approaches that improved therapeutic efficacy but may involve potential safety concerns. This review summarized the potentially useful MSCs strategy for treating MetS, as well as some hurdles that remain to be overcome. In particular, larger-scale studies are needed to determine the therapeutic efficacy and safety of MSCs for clinical application.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Extracellular Vesicles
PubMed: 37407022
DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad052 -
Vnitrni Lekarstvi 2021The increasing number of long-term survivors that underwent the anti-cancer therapy faces the late treatment-related adverse effects and the increased risk of developing...
The increasing number of long-term survivors that underwent the anti-cancer therapy faces the late treatment-related adverse effects and the increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome. This article defines the pathophysiology that underlies development of anti-cancer therapy-related metabolic syndrome and outlines the possibility of optimisation of comprehensive care focusing on prevention. Considering the preventability of metabolic syndrome, effective screening and follow-up appropriate for patients at increased risk of related adverse events should be established. Subsequently, early initiation of therapy targeting the hallmarks of metabolic syndrome may ease its manifestation in long-term perspective.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Neoplasms; Survivors
PubMed: 35459375
DOI: No ID Found -
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation... Nov 2018Patients with metabolic syndrome are at increased risk of peripheral neuropathy; entrapment neuropathies, such as carpal tunnel syndrome; and spine disease that can lead... (Review)
Review
Patients with metabolic syndrome are at increased risk of peripheral neuropathy; entrapment neuropathies, such as carpal tunnel syndrome; and spine disease that can lead to radiculopathy or spinal stenosis. Electrodiagnostic studies are a valuable part of patient care in this population. They can confirm suspected diagnoses, uncover additional conditions, and lead to the diagnosis of other causes of neuropathy that require treatment. By assessing the severity of neuropathy, patients at high risk for falls, functional decline, and foot ulcers are identified to guide prevention, treatment, and patient education.
Topics: Animals; Electrodiagnosis; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome
PubMed: 30293627
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2018.06.008 -
Revista Espanola de Sanidad... 2020
Topics: Comorbidity; Fatty Liver; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Prisoners; Risk Factors; Spain
PubMed: 32697274
DOI: 10.18176/resp.00010 -
Diabetes & Metabolism Dec 2007While the concept of this syndrome has been described more than 60 years ago, and more formally almost 20 years ago, the controversy continues as to its utility, which... (Review)
Review
While the concept of this syndrome has been described more than 60 years ago, and more formally almost 20 years ago, the controversy continues as to its utility, which of the various syndrome definitions should be used and their ability to predict diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease. The metabolic syndrome, of cardiovascular risk factors, provides an early warning of at risk subjects and emphasises the need to treat more aggressively (by at least lifestyle modification) patients with multiple abnormalities even though the abnormalities might be slight. Further, the syndrome can be easily used in clinical practice and when it is assessed against the background of the patient's age, sex and smoking habits, it provides an evaluation of potential cardiovascular risk. Prospective intervention studies are the only means of definitively accepting or refuting the usefulness of the syndrome. The metabolic syndrome is an entity which merits attention from both the medical profession and public health authorities.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Incidence; Life Style; Metabolic Syndrome
PubMed: 17981485
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2007.08.001 -
The American Journal of Pathology Nov 2006The metabolic syndrome is composed of cardiovascular risk factors including increased body mass index/waist circumference, blood pressure, plasma glucose, and... (Review)
Review
The metabolic syndrome is composed of cardiovascular risk factors including increased body mass index/waist circumference, blood pressure, plasma glucose, and triglycerides, as well as decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The essence of the metabolic syndrome lies in the clustering of these risk factors, which are associated with cardiovascular disease. Interestingly, most of the components of the metabolic syndrome have individually been linked in some way to the development of cancer. However, epidemiological studies linking the metabolic syndrome to cancer are scarce. Nevertheless, two such studies indicate that the clustering of metabolic syndrome components significantly increases the risk of colon cancer mortality compared with the individual components. The purpose of this review is to further explore the potential relationship between the metabolic syndrome and cancer risk. Specifically, we examine the hypothesis that individual components of the metabolic syndrome contribute to the development of several processes, including insulin resistance, aromatase activity, adipokine production, angiogenesis, glucose utilization, and oxidative stress/DNA damage, which can work together to increase cancer risk beyond that of the individual components alone. We propose that the metabolic syndrome be considered as a high-risk state for certain types of cancer and that this relationship should be systematically explored across cancer types.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Neoplasms; Risk Factors
PubMed: 17071576
DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.051090 -
Vnitrni Lekarstvi 2017Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most frequent joint disease, whereas etiopathogenesis of OA is not entirely clarified. It is a heterogeneous disorder and genetic as well as... (Review)
Review
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most frequent joint disease, whereas etiopathogenesis of OA is not entirely clarified. It is a heterogeneous disorder and genetic as well as biomechanical, endocrine and inflammatory effects may be involved in its origin. The author examines the problems concerning relationships between the metabolic syndrome and OA, and states that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with OA is higher than in those without OA (59 % vs 23 %). It remains problematic that one of the main components of metabolic syndrome is obesity which in itself is a risk factor for arthrosis development in the weight-bearing joints, not for OA in the hands. After adjustment for BMI the relationships between the metabolic syndrome and OA are less expressed. Over the last decade evidence has been gained about adipose tissue being the source of numerous cytokines and adipokines which may cause inflammation of low-activity synovial tissue, sometimes also called "meta-inflammation." The most data was gathered on leptin, resistin, adiponectin and visfatin. Mostly there were serum levels of these adiponectins assessed and the results were sometimes inconsistent. Two studies have been published this year presenting a histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of the fat stored in 2 tissues right in the joints of patients with metabolic syndrome and OA, and the fat on an experimental OA model, concluding that the secretion activity of the potentially pro-inflammatory adipokines through adipocytes may differ in the synovial membrane, infrapatellar fat body and in abdominal fat. It is evident that the components of metabolic syndrome and OA can share a common pathological process which is an "adipose tissue associated inflammation." The changed secretion profile of pro-inflammatory adipokines is present in obese individuals, an older population and postmenopausal women, the populations at high risk for both metabolic syndrome and OA. Significant mechanical loads may stimulate OA of the knee joints in obese patients, however not of the hands, and further differences between arthrosis of the knee joints and the hands. The adipose tissue induced inflammation is the common pathological mechanism for both metabolic syndrome and OA and it may account for some of the variations.Key words: adiponectins - metabolic syndrome - osteoarthritis.
Topics: Animals; Female; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Osteoarthritis; Prevalence
PubMed: 29127754
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the American College of... Apr 2004
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Prognosis; Risk Factors
PubMed: 15093873
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.01.021 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Dec 2017Saffron, the dried stigmas of Crocus sativus L., is mainly used as a food coloring and flavoring agent. This agricultural product is used in traditional medicine for the... (Review)
Review
Saffron, the dried stigmas of Crocus sativus L., is mainly used as a food coloring and flavoring agent. This agricultural product is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases including asthma, liver disease, menstruation disorders, and, of special interest in this review, metabolic syndrome. Saffron and its active components including crocin, crocetin, and safranal are potential therapeutic candidates for attenuating MetS complications including hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity, and dyslipidemia. This review summarizes the protective role of saffron and its constituents in the pathogenesis of MetS for a better understanding and hence a better management of this disease.
Topics: Animals; Crocus; Flowers; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 29136374
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03762