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The Journal of Parasitology Nov 2020Metagonimiasis is foodborne intestinal parasitism occurring by the definitive hosts' ingestion of raw or undercooked fish, mostly commonly sweetfish. Most Metagonimus...
Metagonimiasis is foodborne intestinal parasitism occurring by the definitive hosts' ingestion of raw or undercooked fish, mostly commonly sweetfish. Most Metagonimus infection is caused by Metagonimus yokogawai but also rarely by Metagonimus takahashii as well as Metagonimus miyatai. Despite recent molecular work on Metagonimus spp., there are still insufficient data to reveal the genetic characteristics of ancient M. yokogawai in a wide geo-historical scope. In this study, we were successful in the analysis of M. yokogawai ancient DNA (aDNA) using coprolite samples retrieved from 16th- to 17th-century Korean mummies. In BLAST and phylogenetic analyses, M. yokogawai 28S rDNA of Korean mummies were clustered along with the 28S rDNA taxa of M. takahashii and M. miyatai in GenBank. Conversely, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) of M. yokogawai aDNA from Korean mummies was distinctly clustered apart from M. takahashii and M. miyatai sequences. This study is the first report of its kind to identify M. yokogawai aDNA retrieved from the archaeological specimens and confirms the usefulness of COI in molecular diagnosis of M. yokogawai. Considering the rarity of reports on the genetics of genus Metagonimus spp., our study will be fundamental for the future study of M. yokogawai paleogenetics.
Topics: Animals; DNA, Helminth; Feces; Female; Heterophyidae; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; Humans; Korea; Male; Mummies; Trematode Infections
PubMed: 33351947
DOI: 10.1645/20-42 -
International Archives of Allergy and... 2021This study aimed to evaluate potential therapeutic effect of Metagonimus yokogawai on the OVA-induced allergic rhinitis model.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate potential therapeutic effect of Metagonimus yokogawai on the OVA-induced allergic rhinitis model.
METHODS
OVA-sensitized mice were used to assess potential therapeutic effect of the extract protein of M. yokogawai (My-TP). My-TP was administrated via the intralymphatic route to cervical lymph nodes. The frequencies of sneezing or nasal rubbing were recorded. Histopathologic evaluation was performed for eosinophil infiltrations in the tissues of the nasal mucosa and skin. The mRNA relative expressions of the cytokine profiles including Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg subsets in the nasal mucosa, cervical lymph nodes, and spleen were analyzed by quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The potential underlying mechanism was investigated by examining cytokine profiles including IL-4 and Treg subsets from lymphocytes of the spleen by flow cytometry.
RESULTS
Intralymphatic injection of My-TP reduced allergic symptoms and eosinophil infiltration in the nasal mucosa. My-TP-treated group showed markedly decreased levels of OVA-specific IgE and WBC counts in nasal lavage. My-TP-treated group showed the decreased expression levels of IL-4, while those of IL-10 were increased in both the nasal mucosa. The levels of IFN-γ and IL-17 were also decreased in the nasal mucosa and cervical lymph nodes. The immunological mechanism may involve the downregulation of Th2 response and upregulation of Tregs in the nasal mucosa and cervical lymph nodes.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results provide the first evidence of potential therapeutic effect of M. yokogawai in OVA-sensitized allergic rhinitis mice, suggesting that a Treg/Th2 reorganization may play a role in clinical course of allergic rhinitis.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Allergic Agents; Biological Products; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Eosinophils; Heterophyidae; Mice; Rhinitis, Allergic; T-Lymphocyte Subsets; Therapy with Helminths; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33176304
DOI: 10.1159/000511532 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Oct 2015Metagonimus yokogawai (Katsurada, 1912) Katsurada, 1912 (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) is parasitic in the small intestine of mammals including man and birds in Far Eastern...
Metagonimus yokogawai (Katsurada, 1912) Katsurada, 1912 (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) is parasitic in the small intestine of mammals including man and birds in Far Eastern Russia, Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan. In the present study, the metacercariae and adults of M. yokogawai were redescribed to designate a neotype of this fluke together with reviews of previous studies including study histories from the first discovery to now. We particularly, attempted to review the study histories and morphological descriptions of M. yokogawai for the species validity, and compared with the morphological characteristics and life cycles of the closely related species, Metagonimus takahashii and Metagonimus miyatai. Finally, we proposed a differential key for the 8 known Metagonimus species distributed in East Asia. Metacercariae were obtained from the body muscles of sweetfish (Plecoglossus altivelis) collected in the Asahi River at Takebe-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama City, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Adults were recovered from the small intestine of Syrian golden hamsters, to which the metacercariae had been fed 14 days before. A neotype was selected out of the present adult specimens. The Asahi River at Takebo-cho became the type locality of M. yokogawai. In conclusion, the present review shows that M. yokogawai, M. takahashii, and M. miyatai are valid and discriminated by means of morphological characteristics.
Topics: Animals; Fish Diseases; Helminthiasis; Heterophyidae; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Japan; Life Cycle Stages; Mesocricetus; Microscopy; Osmeriformes; Rodent Diseases
PubMed: 26537043
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2015.53.5.627 -
Acta Parasitologica Mar 2022Metagonimiasis, commonly seen in East Asian countries, is a parasitic disorder caused by definitive hosts' ingestion of undercooked freshwater fishes. Recently, genetic...
PURPOSE
Metagonimiasis, commonly seen in East Asian countries, is a parasitic disorder caused by definitive hosts' ingestion of undercooked freshwater fishes. Recently, genetic analysis has proved 28S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mtDNA gene to be a successful marker differentiating species of the genus Metagonimus. In the present study, using specimens from the newly discovered Joseon Dynasty human remains of Goryeong, we obtained updated genetic data on genus Metagonimus, which was also prevalent during the Joseon period.
METHODS
The ancient DNA (aDNA) was retrieved from the coprolite sample of the seventeenth century, half-mummified individual discovered at Goryeong Country, South Korea. Cloning and sequencing were performed on PCR-amplified amplicons for M. yokogawai 28S rRNA and COI mtDNA gene. The consensus sequences were used for species identification and phylogenetic analysis using NCBI/BLAST and MEGA X software.
RESULTS
Based on the COI mtDNA gene region, the Goryeong sequence was confirmed as belonging to M. yokogawai, as it was shown to form a separate cluster with other M. yokogawai taxa that are distinct also from M. takahashii and M. miyatai.
CONCLUSION
In a series of our genetic analyses on genus Metagonimus using samples retrieved from Joseon-period cases, aDNA sequences of genus Metagonimus revealed in South Korea thus far are those of M. yokogawai, but not of M. miyatai or M. takahashii yet.
Topics: Animals; Body Remains; DNA, Ancient; Heterophyidae; Humans; Phylogeny; Republic of Korea; Trematode Infections
PubMed: 34731404
DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00487-0 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Apr 2014This study was undertaken to characterize the properties of a 100 kDa somatic antigen from Metagonimus yokogawai. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced against this...
This study was undertaken to characterize the properties of a 100 kDa somatic antigen from Metagonimus yokogawai. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced against this 100 kDa antigen, and their immunoreactivity was assessed by western blot analysis with patients' sera. The mAbs against the 100 kDa antigen commonly reacted with various kinds of trematode antigens, including intestinal (Gymnophalloides seoi), lung (Paragonimus westermani), and liver flukes (Clonorchis sinensis and Fasciola hepatica). However, this mAb showed no cross-reactions with other helminth parasites, including nematodes and cestodes. To determine the topographic distribution of the 100 kDa antigen in worm sections, indirect immunoperoxidase staining was performed. A strong positive reaction was observed in the tegumental and subtegumental layers of adult M. yokogawai and C. sinensis. The results showed that the 100 kDa somatic protein of M. yokogawai is a common antigen which recognizes a target epitope present over the tegumental layer of different trematode species.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Helminth; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Helminth; Clonorchis sinensis; Cross Reactions; Fasciola hepatica; Female; Helminth Proteins; Heterophyidae; Immunologic Tests; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Paragonimus westermani; Trematode Infections
PubMed: 24850966
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2014.52.2.201 -
Parasitology Research Apr 2013A parasitological survey for Metagonimus yokogawai metacercariae was carried out by examining a total of 321 freshwater fish comprising of 7 species. Of the 321 fish...
A parasitological survey for Metagonimus yokogawai metacercariae was carried out by examining a total of 321 freshwater fish comprising of 7 species. Of the 321 fish samples examined, 182 (56.7%) were found to be infected with M. yokogawai metacercariae. The prevalence of M. yokogawai metacercariae in Opsariichthys pachycephalus was 93.4% (86/92), Zacco platypus 75.0% (30/40), Distoechodon turmirostris 61.3% (38/62), Varicorhinus barbatulus 56.5% (13/23), Hemibarbus labeo 33.3% (1/3), Acrossocheilus formosanus 15.9% (14/88), and 0% in Sinibrama macrops (0/13), respectively. This is the first record of M. yokogawai infection in Z. platypus, D. turmirostris, V. barbatulus, and H. labeo in Taiwan. The major site of predilection of the metacercariae in the fishes was in the scale, but some metacercariae were also observed in the flesh and fins. The M. yokogawai metacercariae were orally inoculated into mice, rat, gerbil, and golden hamster to study their infectivity and also to obtain the adult worms for taxonomic study. Worm recovery in hamsters was 75.3%, in mice was 70.0%, in rats was 23.3%, and in gerbils was 6.0%, respectively. Moreover, larger worms were recovered from the golden hamster. Golden hamster was thus found to be the most susceptible experimental rodent host for the infectivity study of Metagonimus. Besides M. yokogawai, metacercariae of Centrocestus formosanus was also observed in the fishes examined.
Topics: Animal Experimentation; Animals; Cricetinae; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Gerbillinae; Heterophyidae; Mice; Prevalence; Rats; Rodentia; Taiwan; Trematode Infections
PubMed: 23388732
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3320-8 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Dec 1997Genomic DNA from Metagonimus yokogawai and Metagonimus Miyata type was amplified by polymerase chain reaction based on the random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD)...
Genomic DNA from Metagonimus yokogawai and Metagonimus Miyata type was amplified by polymerase chain reaction based on the random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Eight random 10-mer oligonucleotide primers (OPA-02, 5-TGCCGAGCTG-3; OPA-09, 5-GGGTAACGCC-3; OPA-10, 5-GTGATCGCAG-3; OPA-11, 5-CAATCGCCGT-3; OPA-13, 5-CAGCACCCAC-3; OPA-17, 5-GACCGCTTGT-3; OPA-19, 5-CAAACGTCGG-3; OPA-20, 5-GTTGCGATCC-3) with a G + C content of 60-70% (Kit A, Operon Technologies Inc., California, USA) could produce distinguishable banding patterns between the two Metagonimus species. From the results of this study, it was suggested that Metagonimus Miyata type has a different DNA sequence from M. Yokogawai.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; DNA Primers; DNA, Helminth; Genome; Heterophyidae; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 9446913
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1997.35.4.295 -
Parasitology Research Oct 2023Trematodes of the genus Metagonimus Katsurada, 1912 (Digenea: Heterophyidae) are zoonotic parasites that cause infections in humans, with most cases reported in...
Trematodes of the genus Metagonimus Katsurada, 1912 (Digenea: Heterophyidae) are zoonotic parasites that cause infections in humans, with most cases reported in Southeast Asia. Larvae from the second intermediate host, called metacercariae, of one of human-infecting species, M. yokogawai (Katsurada, 1912), have been reported from cyprinoid fish in Europe. In the present study, we provided DNA-based evidence that metacercariae of Metagonimus, which are commonly found in the scales of various cyprinoids in Central Europe (Danube River in Hungary) do not belong to M. yokogawai. Sequence analysis of the ITS region, 28S rDNA, and cox1 genes showed that this species is clearly distinct from all Asian species, including M. yokogawai, which probably does not occur in Europe. Metacercariae from cyprinoids might belong to Metagonimus romanicus (Ciurea, 1915), an insufficiently known species described from Romania.
Topics: Heterophyidae; Animals; Rivers; Hungary; Cypriniformes; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 28S; Electron Transport Complex IV
PubMed: 37572128
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07932-1 -
Experimental Parasitology Oct 2018Helminth infection can alleviate immune-mediated disorders such as allergies and autoimmune diseases, by altering the gut microbiome. However, changes in gut microbiome...
Helminth infection can alleviate immune-mediated disorders such as allergies and autoimmune diseases, by altering the gut microbiome. However, changes in gut microbiome due to intestinal trematodes remain unelucidated. Here, we evaluated the changes in the gut microbiome of ICR mice infected with Metagonimus yokogawai, a hypo-virulent intestinal trematode. Four weeks after infection, mouse cecal content was analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon analysis. Although there was no apparent difference in species richness and diversity, the microbiome composition was different in the infected and control groups. Furthermore, several Lactobacillus species with known immunomodulatory role in immune-mediated diseases were increased in the infected group.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Cecum; Fish Diseases; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Heterophyidae; Lactobacillus; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Osmeriformes; Probiotics; Trematode Infections
PubMed: 30149004
DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.08.002 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Dec 1997Genus Metagonimus has been a subject of taxonomic debates for several years. In morphological aspects, M. yokogawai has been thought to have three subtypes, namely...
Genus Metagonimus has been a subject of taxonomic debates for several years. In morphological aspects, M. yokogawai has been thought to have three subtypes, namely Yokogawa type (M. yokogawai in strict sense), Miyata type and Koga type, But differences in the intestinal pathology induced by these subtypes have not been studied yet. In this study we compared the pathological reactions induced by M. yokogawai and Metagonimus Miyata type using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) index. Metacercariae (Mc) of M. yokogawai were collected by artificial digestion of Plecoglossus altivelis and Mc of Metagonimus Miyata type were collected from Zacco platypus. Three hundreds Mc of each species were infected orally to ICR mice. The mice were sacrificed at 3, 6, 10, 16 and 23 days after infection and the small intestines were resected into three portions (proximal, middle, and distal). Immunohistochemical staining for PCNA was done using PC-10 (DAKO-PCNA, CA, USA). The PCNA indices in M. yokogawai infected group on the 6th and 23rd day after infection were lower than in the control and Miyata type infected groups (p < 0.05) from all of the three intestinal regions. On the other hand, the control group and Metagonimus Miyata type infected group did not make any differences in PCNA indices. The villus/crypt (V/C) ratio was also decreased significantly in M. yokogawai infected mice but not in Metagonimus Miyata type infected ones. It is suggested that M. yokogawai induce villous atrophy through a decrease in the cell proliferation at the crypt. The results of this study suggested that M. yokogawai induce more serious intestinal pathology than Metagonimus Miyata type.
Topics: Animals; Atrophy; Cell Division; Fishes; Heterophyidae; Hyperplasia; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Intestine, Small; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Trematode Infections
PubMed: 9446904
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1997.35.4.239