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Trends in Ecology & Evolution Apr 2021Most animals have complex life cycles including metamorphosis or other discrete life stage transitions, during which individuals may be particularly vulnerable to... (Review)
Review
Most animals have complex life cycles including metamorphosis or other discrete life stage transitions, during which individuals may be particularly vulnerable to environmental stressors. With climate change, individuals will be exposed to increasing thermal and hydrologic variability during metamorphosis, which may affect survival and performance through physiological, behavioral, and ecological mechanisms. Furthermore, because metamorphosis entails changes in traits and vital rates, it is likely to play an important role in how populations respond to increasing climate variability. To identify mechanisms underlying population responses and associated trait and life history evolution, we need new approaches to estimating changes in individual traits and performance throughout metamorphosis, and we need to integrate metamorphosis as an explicit life stage in analytical models.
Topics: Animals; Climate Change; Life Cycle Stages; Metamorphosis, Biological; Phenotype
PubMed: 33414021
DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.11.012 -
Current Opinion in Insect Science Feb 2021Metamorphosis (Greek for a state of transcending-form or change-in-shape) refers to a dramatic transformation of an animal's body structure that occurs after development... (Review)
Review
Metamorphosis (Greek for a state of transcending-form or change-in-shape) refers to a dramatic transformation of an animal's body structure that occurs after development of the embryo or larva in many species. The development of a fly (or butterfly) from a crawling larva (or caterpillar) that forms a pupa (or chrysalis) before eclosing as a flying adult is a classic example of metamorphosis that captures the imagination and has been immortalized in children's books. Powerful genetic experiments in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster have revealed how genes can instruct the behaviour of individual cells to control patterns of tissue growth, mechanical force, cell-cell adhesion and cell-matrix adhesion drive morphogenetic change in epithelial tissues. Together, the distribution of mass, force and resistance determines cell shape changes, cell-cell rearrangements, and/or the orientation of cell divisions to generate the final form of the tissue. In organising tissue shape, genes harness the power of self-organisation to determine the collective behaviour of molecules and cells, which can often be reproduced in computer simulations of cell polarity and/or tissue mechanics. This review highlights fundamental discoveries in epithelial morphogenesis made by pioneers who were fascinated by metamorphosis, including D'Arcy Thompson, Conrad Waddington, Dianne Fristrom and Antonio Garcia-Bellido.
Topics: Animals; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Insecta; Metamorphosis, Biological; Morphogenesis
PubMed: 32898719
DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.08.008 -
ELife Dec 2023Experiments exploring the role of juvenile hormone during the life cycle of firebrat insects provide clues about the evolution of metamorphosis.
Experiments exploring the role of juvenile hormone during the life cycle of firebrat insects provide clues about the evolution of metamorphosis.
Topics: Animals; Metamorphosis, Biological; Insecta; Life Cycle Stages; Juvenile Hormones
PubMed: 38126357
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.94410 -
Nature Genetics Mar 2021
Topics: Animals; Butterflies; Chromosome Inversion; Larva; Metamorphosis, Biological
PubMed: 33686262
DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00809-y -
Biologie Aujourd'hui 2019Life history transitions are critical for many animal species and often correspond to concomitant developmental and ecological shifts. However, to date, little is known... (Review)
Review
Life history transitions are critical for many animal species and often correspond to concomitant developmental and ecological shifts. However, to date, little is known on how internal and external cues act together during these events. The life cycle of most teleostean reef fish includes a major developmental and ecological transition. Adults reproduce in the vicinity of the reef, emitting eggs that disperse and hatch in the ocean, where the larvae grow. Thereafter, larvae migrate back towards reefs where they settle and persist, at a step called larval recruitment. Larval recruitment involves the perception of environmental cues for larvae to localize and select their new benthic habitat, and is accompanied by major morphological changes. This ecological and developmental transition of pelagic larvae into reef-associated juveniles, often referred to as metamorphosis, are under the control of Thyroid Hormones (TH: T, T) and their receptors (TRαa, TRαb and TRβ). This step is critical for the maintenance of reef fish populations, but its molecular control remains largely unknown. Recent results have brought new insights on coral reef fish metamorphosis. We have shown that TH and TR coordinate the metamorphosis that occurs during the entry in the reef of two coral reef fishes, the surgeon fish Acanthurus triostegus, and the clown fish Amphiprion ocellaris. We demonstrated an increase of TH-levels and TR-expression in the larvae, followed by a decrease in deriving juvenile. We observed similar trends (although with different dynamics and/or magnitude) in other coral reef fish species, therefore allowing us to generalize these observations. Interestingly, functional experiments such as treatments with pharmacological compounds exhibiting antagonist activity interfere with the surgeonfish and the clown fish larval transformation demonstrating a direct role of these hormones in controlling metamorphosis. All these results and in particular the dependency on thyroid hormones of the larval to juvenile transformation suggest that this step can be sensitive to disruption by environmental pollutants, such as endocrine disruptors. Using as model compound, chlorpyrifos, a pesticide often encountered in coral reefs, we showed that it impairs surgeonfish as well as clown fish transformation, hence diminishing the quality of the juvenile emerging from this transition. Larval recruitment in coral reef fish therefore corresponds to a TH-controlled metamorphosis, sensitive to endocrine disruption. Since metamorphosis and larval recruitment are essential for the maintenance of fish populations and subsequent coral reef resilience, it is important to better understand, at the molecular, anatomical and behavioral levels, how global changes and water pollution can threaten reef ecosystems.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Coral Reefs; Ecosystem; Fishes; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Larva; Metamorphosis, Biological; Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; Thyroid Hormones
PubMed: 31274100
DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2019010 -
Biomolecular Concepts Sep 2017Amphibian metamorphosis has historically attracted a good deal of scientific attention owing to its dramatic nature and easy observability. However, the genetic... (Review)
Review
Amphibian metamorphosis has historically attracted a good deal of scientific attention owing to its dramatic nature and easy observability. However, the genetic mechanisms of amphibian metamorphosis have not been thoroughly examined using modern techniques such as gene cloning, DNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction or genomic editing. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding molecular mechanisms underlying tadpole tail resorption.
Topics: Animals; Anura; Autolysis; Metamorphosis, Biological; Models, Biological; Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena; Phagocytosis; Reptilian Proteins; Species Specificity; Tail; Xenopus
PubMed: 28873065
DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2017-0022 -
Science Translational Medicine Dec 2016
Topics: Larva; Metamorphosis, Biological
PubMed: 28003541
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal3700 -
Behavioral Neuroscience Dec 2019Many species of anuran amphibians (frogs and toads) undergo metamorphosis, a developmental process during which external and internal body morphologies transform... (Review)
Review
Many species of anuran amphibians (frogs and toads) undergo metamorphosis, a developmental process during which external and internal body morphologies transform dramatically as the animal transitions to a new ecosystem (from aquatic to terrestrial) and develops new behavior patterns (from filter-feeding to active pursuit of moving prey; from mostly mute to highly vocal). All sensory systems transform to some extent during metamorphosis, even in those "primitive" anuran species that remain fully aquatic in adult life. In this article, I review what is known about the development of the auditory system in anuran tadpoles. I identify crucial developmental windows for major maturational events in the ear and brainstem that showcase the structural and physiological reorganization of the substrates for hearing airborne sounds as the animal navigates the metamorphic transition. I argue that auditory development is dynamic and nonlinear, and I point out areas for future investigation. Understanding metamorphosis can shed light on how organisms adapt to major environmental challenges. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Animals; Anura; Auditory Pathways; Hearing; Larva; Metamorphosis, Biological; Sound
PubMed: 31448929
DOI: 10.1037/bne0000340 -
Evolution & Development 2000
Review
Topics: Animals; Metamorphosis, Biological
PubMed: 11252567
DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-142x.2000.00057.x -
The American Imago; a Psychoanalytic... Nov 1948
Topics: Animals; Metamorphosis, Biological
PubMed: 18099544
DOI: No ID Found