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Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Jan 2019A blood glucose meter is an electronic medical device used for determining the concentration of glucose in blood. These meters have undergone five phases of development:... (Review)
Review
A blood glucose meter is an electronic medical device used for determining the concentration of glucose in blood. These meters have undergone five phases of development: washed blood glucose meters, wiped blood glucose meters, colorimetric blood glucose meters, electrochemical blood glucose meters, and micro, multiple site blood glucose meters. Thanks to their speed, portability, low cost, and easy operation, blood glucose meters have been widely available for use in clinical diagnosis. Recently, coupling of target recognition elements (antibody-antigen recognition, nucleic acid hybridization, enzyme recognition, and click chemistry) with signal transduction and amplification strategies (glucose-generating enzymes, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-generating enzymes, encapsulated glucose, nanomaterials, and cyclic amplification of DNA) has allowed various targets to be determined via the relationship between the signal of the blood glucose meter and the concentration of targets. In this paper, a brief review of the development and mechanism of blood glucose meters is given first. Then, more details on the application of blood glucose meters in analysis are described, including biomedical analysis, food analysis, and environmental analysis. Finally, the prospect of future development of blood glucose meters is also discussed. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
Topics: Bacteria; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Ebolavirus; Environmental Pollutants; Equipment Design; Food Analysis; Food Microbiology; Humans; Point-of-Care Systems
PubMed: 30280228
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1361-7 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Many tasks that require a large workforce are automated. In many areas of the world, the consumption of utilities, such as electricity, gas and water, is monitored by...
Many tasks that require a large workforce are automated. In many areas of the world, the consumption of utilities, such as electricity, gas and water, is monitored by meters that need to be read by humans. The reading of such meters requires the presence of an employee or a representative of the utility provider. Automatic meter reading is crucial in the implementation of smart grids. For this reason, with the aim to boost the implementation of the smart grid paradigm, in this paper, we propose a method aimed to automatically read digits from a dial meter. In detail, the proposed method aims to localise the dial meter from an image, to detect the digits and to classify the digits. Deep learning is exploited, and, in particular, the YOLOv5s model is considered for the localisation of digits and for their recognition. An experimental real-world case study is presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method for automatic digit localisation recognition from dial meters.
Topics: Humans; Computer Systems; Electricity
PubMed: 36616673
DOI: 10.3390/s23010075 -
ENeuro 2022Music induces people to coordinate with one another. Here, we conduct two experiments to examine the underlying mechanism of the interbrain synchronization (IBS) that is...
Music induces people to coordinate with one another. Here, we conduct two experiments to examine the underlying mechanism of the interbrain synchronization (IBS) that is induced by interpersonal coordination when people are exposed to musical beat and meter. In experiment 1, brain signals at the frontal cortex were recorded simultaneously from two participants of a dyad by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning, while each tapped their fingers to aural feedback from their partner (coordination task) or from themselves (independence task) with and without the musical meter. The results showed enhanced IBS at the left-middle frontal cortex in case of the coordination task with musical beat and meter. The IBS was significantly correlated with the participants performance in terms of coordination. In experiment 2, we further examined the IBS while the participants coordinated their behaviors in various metrical contexts, such as strong and weak meters (i.e., high/low loudness of acoustically accenting beats). The results showed that strong meters elicited higher IBS at the middle frontal cortex than weak meters. These findings reveal that the musical beat and meter can affect brain-to-brain coupling in action coordination between people, and provide insights into the interbrain mechanism underlying the effects of music on cooperation.
Topics: Humans; Brain; Diencephalon; Interpersonal Relations; Music; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
PubMed: 36280287
DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0504-21.2022 -
The New Zealand Medical Journal Mar 2010Hand-held glucose meters are used throughout the health system by both patients with diabetes and also by health care practitioners. Glucose meter technology is... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Hand-held glucose meters are used throughout the health system by both patients with diabetes and also by health care practitioners. Glucose meter technology is constantly evolving. The current generation of meters and strips are quick to use and require a very small volume of blood. This review aims to describe meters currently available in New Zealand, for use in the ambulatory setting. It also aims to discuss the limits of meter performance and provide technical information that is relevant to the clinician, using locally available data. Commoner causes and consequences of end-user (patient and health professional) error are illustrated using clinical case examples. No meter offers definite advantages over other meters in all clinical situations, rather meters should be chosen because they fit the needs of individual patients and because the provider is able to offer appropriate educational and quality assurance backup to the meter user. A broad understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of the subsidised meter systems available in New Zealand will help the health practitioner decide when it is in the best interests of their patients to change or update meter technology.
Topics: Ambulatory Care; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Calibration; Capillaries; Diabetes Mellitus; Diagnostic Errors; Equipment Design; Equipment Failure; Humans; Point-of-Care Systems; Sensitivity and Specificity; Veins
PubMed: 20360781
DOI: No ID Found -
Scientific Reports Jul 2022At present, there are still many old-fashioned water meters in the society, and the water department needs to send staff to read the water meter after arriving at the...
At present, there are still many old-fashioned water meters in the society, and the water department needs to send staff to read the water meter after arriving at the scene with a handheld all-in-one machine. However, there are many problems in this manual meter reading method. First, a large number of meter reading work leads to low efficiency of the entire water department, consuming a lot of time and energy, and high labor costs; second, the water meters in natural scenes have problems such as serious dial contamination and other environmental factors that interfere with the meter reading staff, and the results of the meter reader cannot be verified later. In response to these problems, this paper studies a deep learning method for automatic detection and recognition of water meter readings. This paper first introduces the existing in-depth learning models, such as Faster R-CNN, SSD, and YOLOv3. Then two datasets are sorted out, one is the original water table picture dataset, and the other is a dataset cut out from the water meter image with the black bounding box showing the water meter readings. Then two plans are proposed, one is the original water table image dataset, and the other is a dataset cut out from the water meter image with the black bounding box showing the water meter readings. Finally, by comparing the three models from different angles, it is determined that YOLOv3 in the second solution has the best recognition effect, and the accuracy rate reaches 90.61%, which can greatly improve work efficiency, save labor costs, and assist auditors in reviewing the read water meter readings.
Topics: Deep Learning; Humans; Water
PubMed: 35896797
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17255-3 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023This paper provides a comprehensive review of the applications of smart meters in the control and optimisation of power grids to support a smooth energy transition... (Review)
Review
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the applications of smart meters in the control and optimisation of power grids to support a smooth energy transition towards the renewable energy future. The smart grids become more complicated due to the presence of small-scale low inertia generators and the implementation of electric vehicles (EVs), which are mainly based on intermittent and variable renewable energy resources. Optimal and reliable operation of this environment using conventional model-based approaches is very difficult. Advancements in measurement and communication technologies have brought the opportunity of collecting temporal or real-time data from prosumers through Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). Smart metering brings the potential of applying data-driven algorithms for different power system operations and planning services, such as infrastructure sizing and upgrade and generation forecasting. It can also be used for demand-side management, especially in the presence of new technologies such as EVs, 5G/6G networks and cloud computing. These algorithms face privacy-preserving and cybersecurity challenges that need to be well addressed. This article surveys the state-of-the-art of each of these topics, reviewing applications, challenges and opportunities of using smart meters to address them. It also stipulates the challenges that smart grids present to smart meters and the benefits that smart meters can bring to smart grids. Furthermore, the paper is concluded with some expected future directions and potential research questions for smart meters, smart grids and their interplay.
PubMed: 36850711
DOI: 10.3390/s23042118 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2021To meet password selection criteria of a server, a user occasionally needs to provide multiple choices of password candidates to an on-line password meter, but such...
To meet password selection criteria of a server, a user occasionally needs to provide multiple choices of password candidates to an on-line password meter, but such user-chosen candidates tend to be derived from the user's previous passwords-the meter may have a high chance to acquire information about a user's passwords employed for various purposes. A third party password metering service may worsen this threat. In this paper, we first explore a new on-line password meter concept that does not necessitate the exposure of user's passwords for evaluating user-chosen password candidates in the server side. Our basic idea is straightforward; to adapt fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) schemes to build such a system but its performance achievement is greatly challenging. Optimization techniques are necessary for performance achievement in practice. We employ various performance enhancement techniques and implement the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) metering method as seminal work in this field. Our experiment results demonstrate that the running time of the proposed meter is around 60 s in a conventional desktop server, expecting better performance in high-end hardware, with an FHE scheme in HElib library where parameters support at least 80-bit security. We believe the proposed method can be further explored and used for a password metering in case that password secrecy is very important-the user's password candidates should not be exposed to the meter and also an internal mechanism of password metering should not be disclosed to users and any other third parties.
PubMed: 33419094
DOI: 10.3390/s21020345 -
Clinica Chimica Acta; International... Jun 2022To select and standardize point-of-care (POC) glucose meters across a multi-hospital system.
BACKGROUND
To select and standardize point-of-care (POC) glucose meters across a multi-hospital system.
METHODS
We formed a multidisciplinary POC glucose standardization working group including key stakeholders from each site. A set of selection criteria: usability, clinical and laboratory performance, indications for use, interface connectivity, ease of implementation and ongoing operational costs were used to develop a scoring schemato facilitate a consensus-driven selection process.
RESULTS
Method comparison and consensus error grid evaluation against the clinically validated reference methods demonstrated that the analytical performance for all candidate meters was comparable for both the laboratory and clinical evaluation. However, Meter 1 ranked highest in usability evaluations, implementation and streamlined interface connectivity. The meter selection process and implementation were staggered across sites due to complexity of transitioning to a new manufacturer's meter and limitations in vendor support for training and ongoing troubleshooting of interface connectivity.
CONCLUSIONS
Standardization of POC glucose meters in a large multi-hospital system is a complex undertaking requiring robust, multidisciplinary organizational structure both system-wide and locally, development of consensus-driven selection tools, usability evaluation by end-users, laboratory and clinical evaluation of the analytical performance, and a strong vendor-laboratory partnership during the implementation process.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Glucose; Hospitals; Humans; Point-of-Care Systems; Reference Standards
PubMed: 35341764
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.03.019 -
Current Medical Research and Opinion Nov 2006Self-monitoring of blood glucose plays an important role in the management of diabetes, particularly in patients treated with insulin. Blood glucose meters must have... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Self-monitoring of blood glucose plays an important role in the management of diabetes, particularly in patients treated with insulin. Blood glucose meters must have sufficient accuracy to allow patients and clinicians to monitor glycemic control and then modify treatment accordingly. Although several standards have been proposed, a consensus about how to measure glucose meter accuracy is not available.
SCOPE
An informal review of recently published articles dealing with glucose meter accuracy was conducted to provide recommendations for evaluating accuracy relevant to the practicing clinician.
FINDINGS
Whether in clinical practice or in accuracy studies, the accuracy of blood glucose meters is typically determined by comparing meter results to those obtained by a clinical laboratory method on samples collected from the same patient at the same time. However, multiple sample-related, analysis-related, and data display-related factors can have an impact on accuracy determination. Clinicians need to recognize these factors and take steps to minimize their impact when assessing the accuracy of glucose meters used by their patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Although modern glucose meters show variable results with respect to analytical measures of accuracy, error grid analysis demonstrates that measurements deemed clinically acceptable approach 100%.
Topics: Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Data Display; Diabetes Mellitus; Fasting; Humans; Patient Education as Topic
PubMed: 17076977
DOI: 10.1185/030079906X148274 -
Journal of Communication Disorders 2023Calibration is an essential component of audiology practice to ensure the accuracy of the equipment for audiometric tests and the transferability of test results across...
Calibration is an essential component of audiology practice to ensure the accuracy of the equipment for audiometric tests and the transferability of test results across different clinics and countries. The ability to check the accuracy of the equipment and the ambient noise levels allows clinicians to monitor the functions of their equipment, to reduce noise distractors in the testing environment, and to have confidence in their test results, especially in humanitarian or field test settings. Sound level meters are the primary instruments to measure the sound pressure levels of the transducers and the test rooms used for audiometric testing. The International Electrotechnical Commission released a 3-part IEC 61672 standard of the specifications of sound level meters in 2013, and it is adopted by the standards organizations of many countries. This first installment of the tutorial series references this international standard and discusses basic acoustics concepts, calibration principles, and key functions of sound level meters in the application of audiometric calibration. Subsequent installments will discuss how to measure the ambient noise levels, how to determine whether a test room is suitable for testing hearing thresholds using different transducers, and how to determine whether different transducers of audiometers meet the national or international standards.
Topics: Humans; Calibration; Audiometry; Noise; Acoustics
PubMed: 36638627
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106300