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Nature Reviews. Disease Primers May 2018
Review
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Methicillin; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Wound Healing
PubMed: 29849126
DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2018.34 -
European Journal of Clinical... Apr 2023Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia is associated with poor outcomes. Ceftriaxone offers logistical advantages over other standard therapies,...
Post-treatment outcomes of ceftriaxone versus antistaphylococcal penicillins or cefazolin for definitive therapy of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.
Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia is associated with poor outcomes. Ceftriaxone offers logistical advantages over other standard therapies, though in vitro studies have questioned its efficacy and clinical studies of ceftriaxone in MSSA bacteremia are conflicting.We performed a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of adult patients who received ceftriaxone, cefazolin, or antistaphylococcal penicillins as definitive therapy for MSSA bacteremia from 2018 to 2019. Definitive therapy was defined as the antibiotic used in the outpatient setting. Patients were excluded if they received less than 7 days of outpatient therapy. Follow-up started on the date of definitive therapy completion. The primary outcome was 90-day treatment failure, defined as a composite of mortality and microbiologic recurrence. This was analyzed with multivariable Cox regression. A total of 223 patients were included, 37 (16.6%) of whom received ceftriaxone. The most common ceftriaxone dose was 2 g daily (83.8%). The most common primary site of infection was skin/soft tissue (37.2%), unknown (21.1%), and catheter-related (15.2%). Twenty-six (11.7%) developed infective endocarditis. Median total duration of treatment was 31.0 days, and median outpatient duration was 24.0 days. Twenty-six (11.7%) developed 90-day treatment failure. After adjusting for Charlson comorbidity index, duration of therapy, and use of transesophageal echocardiography, definitive treatment with ceftriaxone was associated with treatment failure (hazard ratio 2.66, 95% confidence interval 1.15-6.12; p=0.022). Among patients with MSSA bacteremia, definitive treatment with ceftriaxone was associated with a higher risk of treatment failure within 90 days as compared to cefazolin or antistaphylococcal penicillins.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Cefazolin; Ceftriaxone; Penicillins; Methicillin; Staphylococcus aureus; Retrospective Studies; Staphylococcal Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Treatment Outcome; Bacteremia
PubMed: 36800065
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04575-z -
The New England Journal of Medicine May 1989
Review
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Methicillin; Penicillin Resistance; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 2651925
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198905043201806 -
Medicine Nov 1977
Review
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Kidney; Male; Methicillin; Middle Aged; Nephritis; Sex Factors; Staphylococcal Infections
PubMed: 335187
DOI: 10.1097/00005792-197711000-00003 -
Clinics in Laboratory Medicine Jun 1989Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci are among the most frequent causes of nosocomial infections, in addition to their role in community-acquired... (Review)
Review
Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci are among the most frequent causes of nosocomial infections, in addition to their role in community-acquired infections. The incidence of resistance to penicillinase-resistant penicillins (methicillin, oxacillin, nafcillin, and the cloxacillins) is steadily increasing. These methicillin-resistant staphylococci are usually resistant to several classes of antimicrobial agents.
Topics: Cross Infection; Humans; Methicillin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 2659244
DOI: No ID Found -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... 2018Staphylococcus aureus isolates resistant to several antimicrobials have been gradually emerged since the beginning of the antibiotic era. Consequently, the first... (Review)
Review
Staphylococcus aureus isolates resistant to several antimicrobials have been gradually emerged since the beginning of the antibiotic era. Consequently, the first isolation of methicillin-resistant S. aureus occurred in 1960, which was described a few years later in Chile. Currently, S. aureus resistant to antistaphylococcal penicillins is endemic in Chilean hospitals and worldwide, being responsible for a high burden of morbidity and mortality. This resistance is mediated by the expression of a new transpeptidase, named PBP2a or PBP2', which possesses lower affinity for the β-lactam antibiotics, allowing the synthesis of peptidoglycan even in presence of these antimicrobial agents. This new enzyme is encoded by the mecA gene, itself embedded in a chromosomal cassette displaying a genomic island structure, of which there are several types and subtypes. Methicillin resistance is mainly regulated by an induction mechanism activated in the presence of β-lactams, through a membrane receptor and a repressor of the gene expression. Although mec-independent methicillin resistance mechanisms have been described, they are clearly infrequent.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Chromosomes, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Genetic Structures; Methicillin; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Molecular Structure; Penicillin-Binding Proteins
PubMed: 29652966
DOI: 10.4067/s0716-10182018000100007 -
Lancet (London, England) Nov 1968
Topics: Humans; Methicillin; Penicillin Resistance; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 4176882
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(68)91549-3 -
The Journal of Hospital Infection Dec 1983
Topics: Humans; Methicillin; Penicillin Resistance; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 6198361
DOI: 10.1016/0195-6701(83)90001-4 -
The Medical Clinics of North America Sep 1970
Review
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Aged; Bacteria; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Child; Cloxacillin; Drug Eruptions; Enterococcus faecalis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Methicillin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Nafcillin; Oxacillin; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillinase; Protein Binding; Sepsis; Serum Albumin; Staphylococcal Infections
PubMed: 4248509
DOI: No ID Found -
Lancet (London, England) Oct 1975Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus has been one of the major problems of gram positive infections in hospitals in the Zurich area. Up to 1971, about 20% of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus has been one of the major problems of gram positive infections in hospitals in the Zurich area. Up to 1971, about 20% of staphylococcal disease was caused by these peculiar organisms. Since 1972, however, a gradual decrease in the number of methicillin-resistant organisms has been observed, with an unprecedented low of 3% in 1975. The nearly 700 methicillin-resistant cultures that have isolated since 1965 exhibited, with rare exceptions, conventional group-II patterns of lysis in phage-typing and similar antibiotypes. It is suggested that all these isolates are derivatives of a strain which has long existed in the staphylococcal population. The reasons for the changes in the frequency of this strain as an agent causing staphylococcal disease are unclear. The use of penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam antibiotics in hospitals does not seem to play a major role in the distribution and spread or in the disappearance of this strain.
Topics: Bacteriophage Typing; Cross Infection; Humans; Methicillin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Switzerland
PubMed: 52016
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(75)90129-4