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Southern Medical Journal Nov 1978Staphylococcus epidermidis is frequently associated with infection of prosthetic heart valves, prosthetic orthopedic devices, and neurosurgical shunts.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Staphylococcus epidermidis is frequently associated with infection of prosthetic heart valves, prosthetic orthopedic devices, and neurosurgical shunts. Penicillinase-resistant semisynthetic penicillins, such as methicillin, have been the therapeutic and prophylactic agents of choice for S epidermidis infection. However, more S epidermidis isolates are now resistant to methicillin and other penicillins. In our laboratory 41% of S epidermidis isolates were resistant to methici-lin. All of the methicillin-susceptible isolates and 82% of the methicillin-resistant isoates were susceptible to cephalothin. Cephalothin should replace methicillin as the prophylactic and therapeutic agent of choice in institutions with a high percentage of methicillin-resistant S epidermidis.
Topics: Cephalothin; Methicillin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 251348
DOI: 10.1097/00007611-197811000-00011 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Sep 1967
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Methicillin; Penicillin Resistance; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 5182624
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM196709282771312 -
Experimental Eye Research May 2022The ever-increasing incidence of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) endophthalmitis is of particular concern as they are associated with poor...
The ever-increasing incidence of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) endophthalmitis is of particular concern as they are associated with poor outcomes. To compare the histology and whole transcriptome of Methicillin resistant (MRSA) and Methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis in an experimental murine model. MRSA and MSSA endophthalmitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice and disease progression was scored clinically and histologically at 24 h p.i. Retinal changes were monitored by H&E, CD45, MPO and GFAP staining followed by retinal cell death evaluation. Whole Transcriptome was analysed using the SuperPrint G3 Mouse Gene Expression v2 chip. Differential gene expression analysis (Limma package, R) was done followed by enrichment of pathways (KEGG database). Increased corneal haze, diminished vitreous clarity and red reflex was observed in MRSA infected mice eye compared to MSSA (p = 0.04). Histological assessment also corroborated with increased disease severity in MRSA (p = 0.02). Although MRSA infected eye displayed higher CD45 cells and greater GFAP intensity, the difference was not statistically significant. However, higher retinal cell death was found to be associated with the MRSA infection (p = 0.007). Our study also revealed that MRSA infection induces changes in host transcriptome (FC = 1.5, p = 0.05), revealing the involvement of several interleukins (IL-11,15,10,1ra), chemokines (CCL-11, CXCL-1), Interferon receptors, GM-CSF, M-CSF, MMPs, Neruopilin2 (NRP-2), Ubiquitin associated peptidase and apoptotic ligands. ErbB signalling, JAK-STAT, adipocytokine and Ras signalling were the top divergently enriched pathways. Our study confirms the differential host immune response triggered by MRSA infection in the eye. Our study may help to elucidate the mechanisms of pathogenesis and to identify additional candidate drug targets for the treatment of MRSA endophthalmitis.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Endophthalmitis; Methicillin; Methicillin Resistance; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Transcriptome
PubMed: 35257714
DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109016 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jul 1989
Review
Topics: Methicillin; Penicillin Resistance; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 2675759
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.33.7.991 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023is a common human pathogen. Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) infections pose significant and challenging therapeutic difficulties. MRSA often acquires the non-native gene... (Review)
Review
is a common human pathogen. Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) infections pose significant and challenging therapeutic difficulties. MRSA often acquires the non-native gene PBP2a, which results in reduced susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics, thus conferring resistance. PBP2a has a lower affinity for methicillin, allowing bacteria to maintain peptidoglycan biosynthesis, a core component of the bacterial cell wall. Consequently, even in the presence of methicillin or other antibiotics, bacteria can develop resistance. Due to genes responsible for resistance, becomes MRSA. The fundamental premise of this resistance mechanism is well-understood. Given the therapeutic concerns posed by resistant microorganisms, there is a legitimate demand for novel antibiotics. This review primarily focuses on PBP2a scaffolds and the various screening approaches used to identify PBP2a inhibitors. The following classes of compounds and their biological activities are discussed: Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Pyrazole-Benzimidazole-based derivatives, Oxadiazole-containing derivatives, non-β-lactam allosteric inhibitors, 4-(3)-Quinazolinones, Pyrrolylated chalcone, Bis-2-Oxoazetidinyl macrocycles (β-lactam antibiotics with 1,3-Bridges), Macrocycle-embedded β-lactams as novel inhibitors, Pyridine-Coupled Pyrimidinones, novel Naphthalimide corbelled aminothiazoximes, non-covalent inhibitors, Investigational-β-lactam antibiotics, Carbapenem, novel Benzoxazole derivatives, Pyrazolylpyridine analogues, and other miscellaneous classes of scaffolds for PBP2a. Additionally, we discuss the penicillin-binding protein, a crucial target in the MRSA cell wall. Various aspects of PBP2a, bacterial cell walls, peptidoglycans, different crystal structures of PBP2a, synthetic routes for PBP2a inhibitors, and future perspectives on MRSA inhibitors are also explored.
Topics: Humans; Penicillin-Binding Proteins; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Methicillin; Staphylococcus aureus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Monobactams; Bacterial Proteins; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37894491
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207008 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jul 1989
Review
Topics: Humans; Methicillin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 2675760
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.33.7.995 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Sep 1977Interstitial nephritis is a recognized complication of methicillin therapy. Hemorrhagic cystitis due to methicillin has not been emphasized. Evidence of hemorrhagic...
Interstitial nephritis is a recognized complication of methicillin therapy. Hemorrhagic cystitis due to methicillin has not been emphasized. Evidence of hemorrhagic cystitis developed in six patients receiving methicillin therapy and was confirmed by cystoscopy in three of them.
Topics: Adult; Cystitis; Female; Hematuria; Humans; Male; Methicillin; Middle Aged; Staphylococcal Infections
PubMed: 907335
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.12.3.438 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Nov 1989
Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Methicillin; Penicillin Resistance; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 2797111
DOI: 10.1056/nejm198911093211916 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Jun 2004
Review
Topics: Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures; Humans; Methicillin; Methicillin Resistance; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 15156443
DOI: 10.1086/420828 -
Biofouling 2023Methicillin-Resistant () biofilms are among the most dangerous infections on medical implants, typically requiring surgical explantation and replacement. This study...
Methicillin-Resistant () biofilms are among the most dangerous infections on medical implants, typically requiring surgical explantation and replacement. This study investigated the thermal susceptibility of biofilms to thermal shocks from 60 to 80 °C for 1-30 min as well as the effect of various antibiotics (most notably methicillin) on thermal mitigation. Pre- and post-shock exposure to three different classes of antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, and methicillin) at concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 128 μg mL were investigated. biofilms exhibited thermal susceptibility comparable to other common nosocomial pathogens, such as , though with greater variability. Exposure to antibiotics of any class significantly decreased the degree of thermal shock required for reliable mitigation, including at subclinical concentration. These combined treatments reduced biofilm population more than the sum of thermal and chemical treatments alone, demonstrating synergism, while also indicating a critical population drop of ∼4.5 log beyond which the biofilms typically became non-viable.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Biofilms; Methicillin; Tobramycin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37483168
DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2234290