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Archives of General Psychiatry Aug 1979
Topics: Depression; Glycols; Humans; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol
PubMed: 464742
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780090116013 -
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... Aug 2005
Review
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Anorexia Nervosa; Biomarkers; Bipolar Disorder; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Depression; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; Norepinephrine; Reference Values; Schizophrenia; Specimen Handling
PubMed: 16149540
DOI: No ID Found -
Heart, Lung & Circulation Nov 2013
Topics: Black People; Blood Pressure; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Humans; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Male; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; Urban Population; White People
PubMed: 24252904
DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.08.014 -
Reviews in the Neurosciences 2011Memories are fragile and easily forgotten at first, but after a consolidation period of hours to weeks, are inscribed in our brains as stable traces, no longer... (Review)
Review
Memories are fragile and easily forgotten at first, but after a consolidation period of hours to weeks, are inscribed in our brains as stable traces, no longer vulnerable to conventional amnesic treatments. Retrieval of a memory renders it labile, akin to the early stages of consolidation. This phenomenon has been explored as memory reactivation, in the sense that the memory is temporarily 'deconsolidated', allowing a short time window for amnesic intervention. This window closes again after reconsolidation, which restores the stability of the memory. In contrast to this 'transient deconsolidation' and the short-spanned amnesic effects of consolidation blockers, some specific treatments can disrupt even consolidated memory, leading to apparent amnesia. We propose the term 'amnesic deconsolidation' to describe such processes that lead to disruption of consolidated memory and/or consolidated memory traces. We review studies of these 'amnesic deconsolidation' treatments that enhance memory extinction, alleviate relapse, and reverse learning-induced plasticity. The transient deconsolidation that memory retrieval induces and the amnesic deconsolidation that these regimes induce both seem to dislodge a component that stabilizes consolidated memory. Characterizing this component, at both molecular and network levels, will provide a key to developing clinical treatments for memory-related disorders and to defining the consolidated memory trace.
Topics: Amnesia; Animals; Brain; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Enzyme Inhibitors; Extinction, Psychological; Fear; Humans; Learning; Long-Term Potentiation; Mental Recall; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; Time Factors
PubMed: 21476941
DOI: 10.1515/RNS.2011.023 -
Journal of Neurophysiology Aug 2005
How good vibes turn bad: rise of ictal events from oscillatory network activity. Focus on "transient depression of excitatory synapses on interneurons contributes to epileptogenesis during gamma oscillations in the mouse hippocampal slice".
Topics: Animals; Epilepsy; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Interneurons; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; Mice; Nerve Net; Oscillometry; Synaptic Transmission
PubMed: 16061488
DOI: 10.1152/jn.00210.2005 -
Life Sciences Apr 1984Recently, increased brain and spinal fluid (CSF) norepinephrine (NE), and a decreased cAMP response to prostaglandin E1 (PgE1) stimulation of platelet NE sensitive... (Review)
Review
Recently, increased brain and spinal fluid (CSF) norepinephrine (NE), and a decreased cAMP response to prostaglandin E1 (PgE1) stimulation of platelet NE sensitive adenylcyclase were observed in some schizophrenic patients. Low CSF dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity was related to brain atrophy, whereas high plasma DBH was associated with tardive dyskinesia. Increased NE (in brain and CSF) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MHPG) levels and decreased plasma DBH activity in the brain were associated with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia. Impaired NE transmission in schizophrenia may relate to disturbances in the autonomic nervous system, deficits in attention and information processing and to an impaired ability to deal with stress. Although pharmacological studies have suggested a major role for dopamine (DA) in schizophrenic psychosis, this review indicates the need for further exploration of the NE system. Future studies should address the relationship with DA, the autonomic nervous system (ANS), cerebral blood flow, brain metabolism, stress response, negative and prodromal symptoms.
Topics: Alprostadil; Blood Platelets; Brain; Cyclic AMP; Dopamine; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; Female; Forecasting; Humans; Male; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; Norepinephrine; Prostaglandins E; Receptors, Adrenergic; Schizophrenia; Sex Factors; Synaptic Transmission
PubMed: 6323903
DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(84)90054-7 -
Advances in Biochemical... 1984The available evidence suggests that there is an interaction or linkage between brain adrenergic systems and the functioning of peripheral CA neurons, particularly those... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
The available evidence suggests that there is an interaction or linkage between brain adrenergic systems and the functioning of peripheral CA neurons, particularly those in the sympathetic nervous system. Significant correlations between brain, CSF, plasma, and urinary concentrations of NE and MHPG have been observed by several different groups, and these are reviewed and summarized. While these correlations may occur in part because of a direct contribution of brain MHPG to peripheral pools of MHPG, it is also likely that the mechanism underlying these relationships resides in an interactive linkage between central and peripheral adrenergic systems. The use of plasma and urinary MHPG as a probe for central adrenergic function is discussed in relationship to these noted correlations and the central-peripheral interactive paradigm. The question of how well a peripheral adrenergic measure reflects CNS NE neuronal activity is discussed. Finally, it is noted that the existence of interactions between central CA systems and the sympathetic nervous system broadens research strategies, since it can no longer be assumed that measures of plasma or urinary NE, NM, or VMA do not reflect central events because the quantities of these substances entering the periphery from brain are quite small.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Glycols; Haplorhini; Humans; Locus Coeruleus; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; Norepinephrine; Sympathetic Nervous System
PubMed: 6431762
DOI: No ID Found -
Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue... Dec 2004To determine whether there are consistent neurobiological differences between patients with bipolar I disorder (BD I) and those with bipolar II disorder (BD II). (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether there are consistent neurobiological differences between patients with bipolar I disorder (BD I) and those with bipolar II disorder (BD II).
METHOD
We reviewed the literature in areas where the most consistent neurobiological findings have been reported for bipolar disorder, specifically, neuroimaging and brain metabolism. The imaging studies reviewed examined structure, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and function, using functional MRI, positron emission tomography, and single photon emission computed tomography. We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to examine brain chemistry. We reviewed those metabolic studies that examined cell calcium, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, and protein kinase C.
RESULTS
Some genetic studies suggest that there may be differences between BD II and BD I patients. However, our review of the imaging and metabolic studies identified few studies directly comparing these 2 groups. In those studies, there were few differences, if any, and these were not consistent.
CONCLUSIONS
While genetic data suggest there may be differences between BD II patients and BD I patients, the neurobiological findings to date do not provide support. However, this may be owing to the small number of studies directly comparing the 2 groups and also to the fact that those carried out have not been adequately powered to detect possible small true differences. This is an important issue because, if there are no neurobiological differences, it would be anticipated that similar treatments would be similarly effective in both groups. Given the importance of understanding whether there are neurochemical differences between these groups, further research in this area is clearly needed.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Calcium; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; Positron-Emission Tomography; Protein Kinase C; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 15679202
DOI: 10.1177/070674370404901202 -
Psychiatry Research Feb 1993The atypical neuroleptic clozapine has an unusual profile of clinical effects and a distinctive spectrum of pharmacological actions. Plasma measures of catecholamines... (Review)
Review
The atypical neuroleptic clozapine has an unusual profile of clinical effects and a distinctive spectrum of pharmacological actions. Plasma measures of catecholamines and their metabolites have been used in the past to study the action of typical neuroleptics. We obtained longitudinal assessments of plasma measures of dopamine (pDA), norepinephrine (pNE), and their metabolites, homovanillic acid (pHVA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (pMHPG), in eight treatment-resistant or treatment-intolerant schizophrenic patients who were treated with clozapine for 12 weeks following a prolonged drug-washout period. Our findings from the study of these eight patients suggest the following: Plasma levels of HVA and possibly NE derived from the neuroleptic-free baseline period may predict response to clozapine; plasma levels of HVA and MHPG decrease during the initial weeks of treatment in responders but not in nonresponders; and plasma levels of DA and NE increase in both responders and nonresponders to clozapine.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Catecholamines; Clozapine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 8483973
DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(93)90016-a -
Life Sciences Feb 1981
Review
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Catechol O-Methyltransferase; Catecholamines; Chromatography, Liquid; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; Electrochemistry; Homovanillic Acid; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Metanephrine; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; Serotonin; Tryptophan; Tyrosine
PubMed: 6163061
DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(81)90138-7