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Chemosphere Nov 2022Methyl parathion (MP) as an organophosphorus pesticide has been used in the control of agricultural pests and diseases. Due to its high toxicity and persistence in the...
Methyl parathion (MP) as an organophosphorus pesticide has been used in the control of agricultural pests and diseases. Due to its high toxicity and persistence in the environment, MP may pose threat to human health when it is released into environmental water. For MP treatment, people have found that oxidative degradation of MP may generate some intermediates which are more toxic than MP itself, such as methyl paraoxon. Herein, we proposed a new method of applying dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) non-thermal plasma technology to treat MP in aqueous solution, and investigated the influences of different gases, pH value, discharge voltage/power, and main active species on the MP removal efficiency. In particular, the safety of DBD treatment was concerned with analysis of the biological toxicity of the byproducts from the DBD oxidation, and the DBD-induced degradation together with the involved mechanism was explored therein. The results showed that the production of toxic intermediates could be effectively suppressed or avoided under certain treatment conditions. As such, this work demonstrates that the proper application of DBD plasma technology with necessary caution can detoxify methyl parathion effectively, and also provides a practical guide for low-temperature plasma application in treatment of various organophosphorus pesticides in agricultural wastewater.
Topics: Gases; Humans; Methyl Parathion; Organophosphorus Compounds; Pesticides; Plasma Gases; Wastewater; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 35839991
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135620 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Jul 2014Heavy metals and pesticides can be adsorbed by several biomasses such as living or non-living aquatic plants. In this study adsorption properties of live Lemna gibba and... (Review)
Review
Heavy metals and pesticides can be adsorbed by several biomasses such as living or non-living aquatic plants. In this study adsorption properties of live Lemna gibba and Lemna gibba powder were investigated with regard to cadmium and methyl parathion (MP). Toxicity data (IC50) on live L. gibba indicated that the period of four days was adequate for phytoremediation. Initial adsorption studies showed that both adsorbents were capable of removing cadmium and methyl parathion. Cadmium and methyl parathion adsorption onto L. gibba powder was fast and equilibrium was attained within 120min. The adsorption data could be well interpreted by the Freundlich model. The KF were: 7.8963 (Cd(2+)/ live Lemna); 0.7300 (MP/live Lemna); 11.5813 (Cd(2+)/Lemna powder); 1.1852 (MP/Lemna powder) indicating that Cd(2+) was more efficiently removed by both biosorbents than MP. Adsorption kinetics for cadmium and methyl parathion in both systems and rate constants were determined for each contaminant. It was found that the overall adsorption process was best described by pseudo-second-order kinetics. Boyd model and external mass-transfer expression were tested. It was concluded that cadmium and methyl parathion sorption onto Lemna powder is governed by film diffusion.
Topics: Adsorption; Araceae; Biodegradation, Environmental; Cadmium; Kinetics; Methyl Parathion; Powders; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 24815048
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.02.002 -
Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) Dec 2007Methyl parathion is classed as an extremely hazardous pesticide with a rodent LD50 of 6 to 24 mg/kg. It has been banned in numerous countries, but there are few reports...
BACKGROUND
Methyl parathion is classed as an extremely hazardous pesticide with a rodent LD50 of 6 to 24 mg/kg. It has been banned in numerous countries, but there are few reports of acute methyl parathion poisoning.
METHODS
Plasma cholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase were measured in blood. Methyl parathion and the major metabolite 4-nitrophenol where measured in serum and urine. Based on the available concentration-time data, the pharmacokinetic parameters of methyl parathion were estimated for this patient.
CASE REPORT AND RESULTS
A 29-year-old male ingested 50 to 100mL (12 to 24 g) of methyl parathion causing delayed and prolonged suppression of acetylcholinesterase but almost no clinical effects. Absorption was predicted to last for 30 hours and the bioavailability appeared to be very low.
CONCLUSIONS
Although it is feasible the patient ingested much less, a tenth of his alleged ingestion dose is more than the oral LD50 in rats. Methyl parathion appears to be less toxic in humans than parathion for similar amounts ingested, which is not consistent with the two pesticides having similar rodent LD50.
Topics: Adult; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Insecticides; Male; Methyl Parathion
PubMed: 17852161
DOI: 10.1080/15563650701232745 -
Analytica Chimica Acta Feb 2023An aptamer-based electrochemical sensor for methyl parathion (MP) detection is herein reported. The modified magnetic beads-systematic evolution of ligands by enrichment...
An aptamer-based electrochemical sensor for methyl parathion (MP) detection is herein reported. The modified magnetic beads-systematic evolution of ligands by enrichment (MB-SELEX) was used to select the MP aptamer. After 14 rounds of selection, the aptamer (MPapta-6) with high affinity for MP was obtained, and its dissociation constant (K) was 39.66 ± 14.73 μM. Using the MPapta-6, the ultra-sensitive electrochemical sensor based on PLL-BP and AuNPs was constructed. The linear range of MP was 1-10 pM and detection limit (LOD) was as low as 0.49 pM. In addition, the application of the sensor in water samples was verified, and the recovery rate was 96.6%-103.5%. The results from this study showed that this strategy could be applied in practical detection.
Topics: Aptamers, Nucleotide; Methyl Parathion; Gold; SELEX Aptamer Technique; Metal Nanoparticles; DNA; Limit of Detection; Biosensing Techniques; Electrochemical Techniques
PubMed: 36657878
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340780 -
Food Chemistry Oct 2020The removal of pesticide residues in food by ultrasound has attracted more attention in recent years, and the formation of intermediate products may have some profound...
The removal of pesticide residues in food by ultrasound has attracted more attention in recent years, and the formation of intermediate products may have some profound effects on the toxicity of treated food. Therefore, degradation of parathion methyl (PM) in bovine milk by ultrasonic treatment was studied in this paper. Results showed that the ultrasonic intensity and the initial concentration of PM had a significant effect on the degradation rate of PM (P < 0.05). The maximum degradation rate of PM was 97.10%. Three transformation products were identified through UPLC-QTOF/MS analysis, and the oxidation pathway was proposed as the consequence of ultrasonication. Furthermore, according to Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) model prediction, the ecotoxicity of the transformation products may be higher than that of PM. These findings showed that although ultrasonic treatment can effectively degrade pesticide residues in food, it may also generate transformation products with the higher ecotoxicity.
Topics: Animals; Kinetics; Methyl Parathion; Milk; Molecular Structure; Oxidation-Reduction; Pesticide Residues; Rats; Ultrasonics
PubMed: 32464464
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127103 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Sep 2023Pesticide misuse has well-documented detrimental effects on ecosystems, with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) being particularly vulnerable. The current study...
Pesticide misuse has well-documented detrimental effects on ecosystems, with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) being particularly vulnerable. The current study focuses on the impact of widely used sugarcane crop pesticides, Imazapic (IMZ) and Methyl Parathion (MP), on tilapia gill tissues and their lipid membranes. This investigation was motivated by the specific role of the lipid membrane in transport regulation. Bioinspired cell membrane models, including Langmuir monolayers and liposomes (LUVs and GUVs), were utilized to explore the interaction of IMZ and MP. The results revealed electrostatic interactions between IMZ and MP and the polar head groups of lipids, inducing morphological alterations in the lipid bilayer. Tilapia gill tissue exposed to the pesticides exhibited hypertrophic increases in primary and secondary lamellae, total lamellar fusion, vasodilation, and lifting of the secondary lamellar epithelium. These alterations can lead to compromised oxygen absorption by fish and subsequent mortality. This study not only highlights the harmful effects of the pesticides IMZ and MP, but also emphasizes the crucial role of water quality in ecosystem well-being, even at minimal pesticide concentrations. Understanding these impacts can better inform management practices to safeguard aquatic organisms and preserve ecosystem health in pesticide-affected environments.
Topics: Animals; Tilapia; Pesticides; Methyl Parathion; Ecosystem; Cichlids; Lipids; Gills; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 37390683
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131943 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Apr 2020Pieces of glass as solid wastes were recycled in the synthesis of highly order MCM-41 that decorated by green fabricated CoO nanoparticles using the green extract of...
Pieces of glass as solid wastes were recycled in the synthesis of highly order MCM-41 that decorated by green fabricated CoO nanoparticles using the green extract of green tea leaves forming novel green nano-composite. The synthetic CoO/MCM-41 exhibit high surface area, low bandgap energy (1.63 eV), and typical spherical morphology decorated by CoO nanoparticles. The composite was evaluated as green photocatalyst in effective oxidation of methyl parathion pesticide in the presence of a visible light source. The degradation results revealed complete removal of 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L after 60 min and 90 min, respectively using 0.25 of the catalyst at pH 8. The detection of the TOC in the treated methyl parathion solution gives strong indications about the formation of organic intermediate compounds during the oxidation steps. The main detected intermediate compound are CHOH(NO), CHOH, (CHO)P(S), CH(OH), CH(OH), CH(NH)OP(O)(OCH), (CHO)P(O)OH, (CH)C(OH)OH(CHO)OC(O), and HOC(CH)C(O)CHO. The detected intermediate compounds converted into SO, PO, NO, and CO under the extensive photocatalytic of them over CoO/MCM-41. The oxidizing species trapping test verified the controlling of the methyl parathion degradation pathway by the hydroxyl radicals. Finally, the composite showed significant reusability properties and applied five times in the oxidation of methyl parathion with considerable degradation percentages.
Topics: Cobalt; Glass; Methyl Parathion; Nanoparticles; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxides; Pesticides; Silicon Dioxide; Water; Water Purification
PubMed: 32032982
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113874 -
Chemosphere Dec 2021Although various activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) processes have been applied widely for the destruction of recalcitrant organics due to its high generation potential...
Although various activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) processes have been applied widely for the destruction of recalcitrant organics due to its high generation potential of various electrophiles reactive oxygen species (e.g., sulfate and hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen), non-radical-based PMS reactions with pollutants are poorly understood. Especially, relatively little information exists on the reactivity of PMS towards organic ester compounds such an organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs). Herein, we systematically studied the unactivated PMS-induced transformation of methyl parathion, a stubborn and toxic OPP. Specifically, direct reaction rather than electrophile radical-based oxidation was responsible for the rapid degradation of methyl parathion. The contribution of the produced singlet oxygen (O) from the self-decomposition of PMS to methyl parathion degradation can be neglected. The degradation rate constant (k) was strongly dependent on PMS loading and solution pH. The implication of the PMS reaction with methyl parathion for environment treatment was further evaluated by investigating the effects of common water matrices such as sediment humic acids, Cl, and natural water. The identified metabolic products revealed that exposure to PMS resulted in hydrolysis and oxidation to methyl parathion. Further study demonstrated that PMS was also capable of effectively oxidizing other typical OPPs without explicit activation. This study provides novel insights into the reaction of methyl parathion with PMS, which indicate feasibility for the decontamination of OPP-contaminated environments.
Topics: Kinetics; Methyl Parathion; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxides; Pesticides; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 34198067
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131332 -
BioMed Research International 2014The toxicity of organophosphate insecticides for nontarget organism has been the subject of extensive research for sustainable agriculture. Pakistan has banned the use...
The toxicity of organophosphate insecticides for nontarget organism has been the subject of extensive research for sustainable agriculture. Pakistan has banned the use of methyl/ethyl parathions, but they are still illegally used. The present study is an attempt to estimate the residual concentration and to suggest remedial solution of adsorption by different types of soils collected and characterized for physicochemical parameters. Sorption of pesticides in soil or other porous media is an important process regulating pesticide transport and degradation. The percentage removal of methyl parathion and ethyl parathion was determined through UV-Visible spectrophotometer at 276 nm and 277 nm, respectively. The results indicate that agricultural soil as compared to barren soil is more efficient adsorbent for both insecticides, at optimum batch condition of pH 7. The equilibrium between adsorbate and adsorbent was attained in 12 hours. Methyl parathion is removed more efficiently (by seven orders of magnitude) than ethyl parathion. It may be attributed to more available binding sites and less steric hindrance of methyl parathion. Adsorption kinetics indicates that a good correlation exists between distribution coefficient (Kd) and soil organic carbon. A general increase in Kd is noted with increase in induced concentration due to the formation of bound or aged residue.
Topics: Adsorption; Agriculture; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Methyl Parathion; Models, Chemical; Parathion; Soil; Temperature; Time Factors
PubMed: 24689059
DOI: 10.1155/2014/831989 -
Archives of Toxicology Sep 1983Methyl parathion (20 mg X kg -1 intravenously and orally) and parathion (5 mg X kg -1 intravenously and 10 mg X kg -1 orally) were given to non-anesthetized dogs and the...
Methyl parathion (20 mg X kg -1 intravenously and orally) and parathion (5 mg X kg -1 intravenously and 10 mg X kg -1 orally) were given to non-anesthetized dogs and the serum concentrations were followed in function of time. For both substances a low bioavailability after oral administration was found. In other dogs radioactivity was followed in urine after oral and after intravenous administration of labeled methyl parathion or parathion. The results suggest a good gastro-intestinal absorption of the substances. In anesthetized dogs which were given methyl parathion or parathion intravenously, high hepatic extraction ratios were found, suggesting that the low systemic availability after oral administration can be explained by an important hepatic first-pass extraction. Binding of methyl parathion and parathion to dog serum, to human serum and to a solution of human albumin was determined with equilibrium dialysis. In both species a high binding (greater than 90%) was found for both substances and there was no concentration-dependency in the concentration range used (0.2-30 micrograms X ml -1). In man and in dog the serum protein binding of parathion was about 5% higher than that of methyl parathion.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Biological Availability; Dogs; Female; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Liver; Male; Methyl Parathion; Parathion; Protein Binding
PubMed: 6639354
DOI: 10.1007/BF00277817