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Microorganisms Jul 2020Over the last decade, several non- species have been used as an alternative yeast for producing wines with sensorial properties that are distinctive in comparison to... (Review)
Review
Over the last decade, several non- species have been used as an alternative yeast for producing wines with sensorial properties that are distinctive in comparison to those produced using only as the classical inoculum. Among the non- wine yeasts is one of the most investigated genera due to its widespread occurrence and its impact in winemaking, and it has been found in grapevine phyllospheres, fruit flies, grapes, and wine fermentations as being part of the resident microbiota of wineries and wine-making equipment. The versatility that allows some species to be used for winemaking relies on an ability to grow in combination with other yeast species, such as , during the first stages of wine fermentation, thereby modulating the synthesis of secondary metabolites during fermentation in order to improve the sensory profile of the wine. exerts a moderate fermentation power, some interesting enzymatic activities involving aromatic and color precursors, and potential antimicrobial activity against spoilage yeasts and fungi, resulting in this yeast being considered an interesting tool for use in the improvement of wine quality. The abovementioned properties have mostly been determined from studies on wine strains. However, and have also recently been studied for winemaking purposes.
PubMed: 32668690
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071038 -
Microorganisms Jul 2020Yeasts affiliated with the clade (subclade) of the large ascomycetous genus frequently turn out to produce the characteristic maroon-red pulcherrimin when tested for... (Review)
Review
Yeasts affiliated with the clade (subclade) of the large ascomycetous genus frequently turn out to produce the characteristic maroon-red pulcherrimin when tested for pigment production and prove to exert antagonistic effects on many types of microorganisms. The determination of the exact taxonomic position of the strains is hampered by the shortage of distinctive morphological and physiological properties of the species of the clade and the lack of rDNA barcode gaps. The rDNA repeats of the type strains of the species are not homogenized and are assumed to evolve by a birth-and-death mechanism combined with reticulation. The taxonomic division is further hampered by the incomplete biological (reproductive) isolation of the species: certain type strains can be hybridized and genome sequencing revealed chimeric genome structures in certain strains that might have evolved from interspecies hybrids (alloploid genome duplication). Various mechanisms have been proposed for the antimicrobial antagonism. One is related to pulcherrimin production. The diffusible precursor of pulcherrimin, the pulcherriminic acid is secreted by the cells into the environment where it forms the insoluble pulcherrimin with the ferric ions. The lack of free iron caused by the immobilization of ferric ions inhibits the growth of many microorganisms. Recent results of research into the complexity of the taxonomic division of the pulcherrimin-producing yeasts and the mechanism(s) underlying their antimicrobial antagonism are discussed in this review.
PubMed: 32664630
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071029 -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Oct 2018Genes involved in mating type determination and recognition were examined in Metschnikowia and related species, to gather insights on factors affecting mating...
Genes involved in mating type determination and recognition were examined in Metschnikowia and related species, to gather insights on factors affecting mating compatibility patterns among haplontic, heterothallic yeast species of the genus. We confirmed the universality of the special mating locus organisation found in Clavispora lusitaniae across and exclusive to the family Metschnikowiaceae (i.e., Metschnikowia and Clavispora). Timing of the divergence between idiomorphs was confirmed to coincide with the origin of the larger (CUG-ser) clade comprising the Debaryomycetaceae and the Metschnikowiaceae, exclusive of Cephaloascus fragrans. The sequence of the a mating pheromone is highly conserved within the large-spored Metschnikowia species, including Metschnikowia orientalis and Metschnikowia hawaiiana, but not Metschnikowia drosophilae or Metschnikowia torresii, which have a pattern of their own, as do other clades in the genus. In contrast, variation in α pheromones shows a more continuous, although imperfect correlation with phylogenetic distance as well as with in vivo mating compatibility.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Genes, Mating Type, Fungal; Genetic Variation; Genome, Fungal; Genomics; Mating Factor; Metschnikowia; Pheromones; Phylogeny; Quantitative Trait Loci; Quantitative Trait, Heritable; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spores, Fungal
PubMed: 29651688
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-018-1084-y -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023var. is a pathogenic yeast which can affect aquacultured and marine-cultured animals such as brine shrimp, ridgetail white prawn, chinook salmon, giant freshwater... (Review)
Review
var. is a pathogenic yeast which can affect aquacultured and marine-cultured animals such as brine shrimp, ridgetail white prawn, chinook salmon, giant freshwater prawn, the Chinese mitten crab, marine crab, the mud crab, the mangrove land crab, the Chinese grass shrimp, sea urchins, sea urchins, and even snails, causing a milky disease, and it has caused big economic losses in aquacultural and marine-cultural industries in the past. However, the detailed mechanisms and the reasons for the milky disease in the diseased aquatic animals are still completely unknown. So far, only some antimycotics, killer toxins and Massoia lactone haven been found to be able to actively control and kill its growth. The ecofriendly, green and renewable killer toxins and Massoia lactone have high potential for application in controlling the milky disease.
PubMed: 37888280
DOI: 10.3390/jof9101024 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Finding alternatives to the use of chemical inputs to preserve the sanitary and organoleptic quality of food and beverages is essential to meet public health... (Review)
Review
Finding alternatives to the use of chemical inputs to preserve the sanitary and organoleptic quality of food and beverages is essential to meet public health requirements and consumer preferences. In oenology, numerous manufacturers already offer a diverse range of bio-protection yeasts to protect must against microbiological alterations and therefore limit or eliminate sulphites during winemaking. Bio-protection involves selecting non- yeasts belonging to different genera and species to induce negative interactions with indigenous microorganisms, thereby limiting their development and their impact on the matrix. Although the effectiveness of bio-protection in the winemaking industry has been reported in numerous journals, the underlying mechanisms are not yet well understood. The aim of this review is to examine the current state of the art of field trials and laboratory studies that demonstrate the effects of using yeasts for bio-protection, as well as the interaction mechanisms that may be responsible for these effects. It focuses on the yeast , particularly recommended for the bio-protection of grape musts.
PubMed: 37664122
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1252973 -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Aug 2021Biodiesel is an alternative fuel to addressing the energy shortage problem. Microbial lipids have attracted widespread attention as one of the potential feed-stocks for... (Review)
Review
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel to addressing the energy shortage problem. Microbial lipids have attracted widespread attention as one of the potential feed-stocks for cost-effective and efficient biodiesel production. However, the large-scale production of microbial lipids is hampered by the complexity and the high cost of aseptic culturing approach. Metschnikowia pulcherrima is an oleaginous yeast with strong environmental adaptability. It is capable of utilizing a wide spectrum of substrates, and can be cultured under non-sterile conditions. Therefore, this yeast has great potential to replace the traditional oleaginous microorganisms, particularly in the area of recycling wastewater and solid waste for the production of biodiesel. Based on the analysis of lipid production and application conditions of M. pulcherrima, this review summarized the unique advantages of M. pulcherrima and the key factors affecting lipids production. We further discussed the feasibility of cultivating M. pulcherrima on various organic wastes under non-sterile conditions for lipids production. Moreover, we analyzed the challenges associated with M. pulcherrima's in the yield and mechanism for lipids production, and proposed perspectives for how to achieve efficient biodiesel production using this yeast.
Topics: Biofuels; Candida; Lipids; Metschnikowia; Yeasts
PubMed: 34472293
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.200599 -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Mar 2020Four yeast strains (RIFY 10001, RIFY 10002, RIFY 10003, and RIFY 10004) were isolated from flowers growing in fields of mustard and broad beans in Japan. Ascospore...
Four yeast strains (RIFY 10001, RIFY 10002, RIFY 10003, and RIFY 10004) were isolated from flowers growing in fields of mustard and broad beans in Japan. Ascospore formation was not observed. Sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU rRNA) gene of the four strains indicated that they belong to the genus Metschnikowia and are closely related to Metschnikowia hawaiiana strain CBS 9146 and Metschnikowia orientalis strain CBS 10331. The D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer regions of strain RIFY 10001 were 85.7% identical to those of M. hawaiiana strain CBS 9146. All four strains were distinguished from the M. hawaiiana strain CBS 9146 by their inability to ferment glucose. Hence, these four strains are novel species and were named as Metschnikowia miensis (holotype: RIFY 10001; isotypes: NBRC 112445 = CBS 14749).
Topics: DNA, Fungal; Flowers; Japan; Metschnikowia; Mycological Typing Techniques; Phenotype; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal
PubMed: 31637663
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01340-1 -
EFSA Journal. European Food Safety... Dec 2017The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, France, for the... (Review)
Review
The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, France, for the pesticide active substance NRRL Y-27328 and the assessment of the application for inclusion in Annex IV of Regulation (EU) No 396/2005 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of NRRL Y-27328 as a fungicide on stone fruits, strawberries and grapes. The reliable endpoints, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified.
PubMed: 32625375
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5084 -
Current Biology : CB Jul 2020While sequencing and characterizing the mitochondrial genomes of 71 strains from the yeast genus Metschnikowia [1] (close cousin to the model species Candida albicans),...
While sequencing and characterizing the mitochondrial genomes of 71 strains from the yeast genus Metschnikowia [1] (close cousin to the model species Candida albicans), we uncovered one of the most extreme examples of mitochondrial genome architectural diversity observed to date. These Metschnikowia mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) capture nearly the entire known gene-size and intron-content range for cox1 and cob across all eukaryotic life and show remarkable differences in structure and noncoding content. This genomic variation can be seen both among species and between strains of the same species, raising the question: why are Metschnikowia mitogenomes so malleable?
Topics: DNA, Mitochondrial; Electron Transport Complex IV; Genetic Variation; Genome, Fungal; Introns; Metschnikowia; Mitochondria; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
PubMed: 32693070
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.075 -
Food Microbiology Apr 2021The use of non-Saccharomyces species as starter cultures together with Saccharomyces cerevisiae is becoming a common practice in the oenological industry to produce...
The use of non-Saccharomyces species as starter cultures together with Saccharomyces cerevisiae is becoming a common practice in the oenological industry to produce wines that respond to new market demands. In this context, microbial interactions with these non-Saccharomyces species must be considered for a rational design of yeast starter combinations. Previously, transcriptional responses of S. cerevisiae to short-term co-cultivation with Torulaspora delbrueckii, Candida sake, or Hanseniaspora uvarum was compared. An activation of sugar consumption and glycolysis, membrane and cell wall biogenesis, and nitrogen utilization was observed, suggesting a metabolic boost of S. cerevisiae in response to competing yeasts. In the present study, the transcription profile of S. cerevisiae was analyzed after 3 h of cell contact with Metschnikowia pulcherrima. Results show an over-expression of the gluco-fermentative pathway much stronger than with the other species. Moreover, a great repression of the respiration pathway has been found in response to Metschnikowia. Our hypothesis is that there is a direct interaction stress response (DISR) between S. cerevisiae and the other yeast species that, under excess sugar conditions, induces transcription of the hexose transporters, triggering glucose flow to fermentation and inhibiting respiration, leading to an increase in both, metabolic flow and population dynamics.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Cell Wall; Coculture Techniques; Fermentation; Fungal Proteins; Glycolysis; Metschnikowia; Oxygen; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Wine
PubMed: 33279092
DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103670