-
Frontiers in Microbiology 2017Previous studies reported that the use of in sequential culture fermentation with mainly induced a reduction of volatile acidity in wine. The impact of the presence of...
Previous studies reported that the use of in sequential culture fermentation with mainly induced a reduction of volatile acidity in wine. The impact of the presence of this yeast on the metabolic pathway involved in pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) bypass and glycerol production in has never been investigated. In this work, we compared acetic acid and glycerol production kinetics between pure culture and its sequential culture with during alcoholic fermentation. In parallel, the expression levels of the principal genes involved in PDH bypass and glyceropyruvic fermentation in were investigated. A sequential culture of / at an inoculation ratio of 10:1 produced 40% less acetic acid than pure culture and led to the enhancement of glycerol content (12% higher). High expression levels of pyruvate decarboxylase and , acetaldehyde dehydrogenase , alcohol dehydrogenase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes during the first 3 days of fermentation in sequential culture conditions are highlighted. Despite the complexity of correlating gene expression levels to acetic acid formation kinetics, we demonstrate that the acetic acid production pathway is altered by sequential culture conditions. Moreover, we show for the first time that the entire acetic acid and glycerol metabolic pathway can be modulated in by the presence of at the beginning of fermentation.
PubMed: 28702001
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01137 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Nov 2014In a taxonomic study of yeasts recovered from nectar of flowers and associated insects in South Africa, 11 strains were found to represent two novel species....
In a taxonomic study of yeasts recovered from nectar of flowers and associated insects in South Africa, 11 strains were found to represent two novel species. Morphological and physiological characteristics and sequence analyses of the large-subunit rRNA gene D1/D2 region, as well as the actin, RNA polymerase II and elongation factor 2 genes, showed that the two novel species belonged to the genus Metschnikowia. Metschnikowia drakensbergensis sp. nov. (type strain EBD-CdVSA09-2(T) =CBS 13649(T) =NRRL Y-63721(T); MycoBank no. MB809688; allotype EBD-CdVSA10-2(A) =CBS13650(A) =NRRL Y-63720(A)) was recovered from nectar of Protea roupelliae and the beetle Heterochelus sp. This species belongs to the large-spored Metschnikowia clade and is closely related to Metschnikowia proteae, with which mating reactions and single-spored asci were observed. Metschnikowia caudata sp. nov. (type strain EBD-CdVSA08-1(T) =CBS 13651(T) =NRRL Y-63722(T); MycoBank no. MB809689; allotype EBD-CdVSA57-2(A) =CBS 13729(A) =NRRL Y-63723(A)) was isolated from nectar of Protea dracomontana, P. roupelliae and P. subvestita and a honeybee, and is a sister species to Candida hainanensis and Metschnikowia lopburiensis. Analyses of the four sequences demonstrated the existence of three separate phylotypes. Intraspecies matings led to the production of mature asci of unprecedented morphology, with a long, flexuous tail. A single ascospore was produced in all compatible crosses, regardless of sequence phylotype. The two species appear to be endemic to South Africa. The ecology and habitat specificity of these novel species are discussed in terms of host plant and insect host species.
Topics: Animals; Coleoptera; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Ecosystem; Flowers; Metschnikowia; Molecular Sequence Data; Mycological Typing Techniques; Phylogeny; Plant Nectar; Sequence Analysis, DNA; South Africa
PubMed: 25106927
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.068445-0 -
International Journal of Systematic and... May 2005Three heterothallic, haplontic yeast species, Metschnikowia hamakuensis, Metschnikowia kamakouana and Metschnikowia mauinuiana, are described from isolates associated...
Three heterothallic, haplontic yeast species, Metschnikowia hamakuensis, Metschnikowia kamakouana and Metschnikowia mauinuiana, are described from isolates associated with endemic nitidulid beetles living on various endemic plants on three Hawaiian islands. As morphospecies, they are similar to Metschnikowia hawaiiensis, but based on mating compatibility and ascospore formation, they can be assigned clearly to distinct biological species. Analysis of ITS/5.8S and D1/D2 large subunit rDNA sequences shows that, with M. hawaiiensis and two other isolates, these species form a distinct subclade within the large-spored Metschnikowia species, indicating that they are Hawaiian endemics. Type cultures are: M. hamakuensis, UWOPS 04-207.1(T) = CBS 10056(T) = NRRL Y-27834(T) (type, h(+)) and UWOPS 04-204.1 = CBS 10055 = NRRL Y-27833 (allotype, h(-)); M. kamakouana, UWOPS 04-112.5(T) = CBS 10058(T) = NRRL Y-27836(T) (type, h(+)) and UWOPS 04-109.1 = CBS 10057 = NRRL Y-27835 (allotype, h(-)); and M. mauinuiana, UWOPS 04-190.1(T) = CBS 10060(T) = NRRL Y-27838(T) (type, h(+)) and UWOPS 04-110.4 = CBS 10059 = NRRL Y-27837 (allotype, h(-)).
Topics: Animals; Coleoptera; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Ribosomal; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Genes, Fungal; Genes, rRNA; Hawaii; Molecular Sequence Data; Mycological Typing Techniques; Phylogeny; RNA, Fungal; Saccharomycetales; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 15879284
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.63615-0 -
FEMS Yeast Research Mar 2003A new haplontic heterothallic species of Metschnikowia and two related asexual yeast species were discovered in morning glory flowers and associated insects....
A new haplontic heterothallic species of Metschnikowia and two related asexual yeast species were discovered in morning glory flowers and associated insects. Metschnikowia santaceciliae came from Conotelus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and other insect species associated with flowers of Ipomoea indica (purple morph) in Costa Rica. Candida hawaiiana and Candida kipukae were found in I. indica (syn. I. acuminata) and its insects in Hawai'i, and the former was also isolated in a specimen of Conotelus collected on Merremia tuberosa (Convolvulaceae) in Costa Rica. The three species have nearly identical physiological profiles, typical of the genus Metschnikowia. The sequences of the D1/D2 domains of their large subunit ribosomal DNA confirm that the species belong to the Metschnikowia clade, even though they share a very low degree of inter-relatedness. M. santaceciliae is a sister species to Metschnikowia continentalis. C. kipukae is a basal member of the large-spored Metschnikowia subclade, and C. hawaiiana has a weak affinity to Metschnikowia agaves. Two of the three species appear to be endemic. The type cultures are: Metschnikowia santaceciliae, strains UWO(PS)01-517a1=CBS 9148=NRRL Y-27475 (h(+, holotype) and UWO(PS)01-520a1=CBS 9149=NRRL Y-27476 (h-, isotype); Candida hawaiiana, strain UWO(PS)91-698.3=CBS 9146=NRRL Y-27473; Candida kipukae, strain UWO(PS)00-669.2=CBS 9147=NRRL Y-27474.
Topics: Animals; Asteraceae; Biological Evolution; Candida; Costa Rica; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Ribosomal; Insecta; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Phylogeny; Plants; Saccharomycetales
PubMed: 12702252
DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2003.tb00144.x -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2022The Chinese mitten crab, , is an important farmed crustacean species in China, outranking other farmed crabs in yield and economic importance. An infection called "milky...
The Chinese mitten crab, , is an important farmed crustacean species in China, outranking other farmed crabs in yield and economic importance. An infection called "milky disease", caused by the yeast, , has emerged in farms in northeast China and has caused progressive economic losses. The diseased crabs present with opaque, whitish muscles and milky hemolymph. Currently, there are no effective drugs to treat the infection. Clarifying the transmission route of would help to treat and prevent the disease. We investigated the effects of three different infection methods (feeding, immersion, and cohabitation) on . All three infection methods led to a high infection rate in healthy crabs. After 35 d, the infection rate was 76.7%, 66.7%, and 53.3% in the feeding, immersion, and cohabitation groups, respectively. Diseased crabs exhibited the typical symptom of hemolymph emulsification, with a high pathogen load of . The yeast was not detected in the oocytes of infected crabs. Fertilized embryos, zoea larvae, and megalopae of infected ovigerous crabs tested negative for yeast, indicating that direct transmission from mother to offspring does not occur. Our results highlight avenues for the prevention and control of this yeast.
PubMed: 35205964
DOI: 10.3390/jof8020210 -
Mycological Research Mar 2006Fourteen yeast isolates belonging to the Metschnikowia clade were isolated from the digestive tracts of lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), soldier beetles and leaf...
Fourteen yeast isolates belonging to the Metschnikowia clade were isolated from the digestive tracts of lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), soldier beetles and leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Cantharidae and Chrysomelidae), and a caddisfly (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). The insect hosts were associated with sugary substances of plants, a typical habitat for yeasts in this clade. Based on DNA sequence comparisons and phenetic characters, the yeasts were identified as Candida picachoensis, Candida pimensis, and four undescribed taxa. Among the undescribed taxa, three yeasts were distinguished from one another and from other described taxa by nucleotide differences in the ribosomal DNA repeat, which were sufficient to consider them as new species. Two of the novel yeast species are described as Metschnikowia noctiluminum (NRRL Y-27753(T)) and M. cornifloraespp. nov. (NRRL Y-27750(T)) based in part on production of needle-shaped ascospores, which are found in most Metschnikowia species. Sexual reproduction was not observed in the third new yeast, Candida chrysomelidarumsp. nov. (NRRL Y-27749(T)). A fourth isolate, NRRL Y-27752, was not significantly distinct from Metschnikowia viticola and Candida kofuensis to be described as a new species. Phylogenetic analysis of the D1/D2 loop sequences placed M. noctiluminum within the M. viticola clade, while C. chrysomelidarum was a sister taxon of Candida rancensis. Metschnikowia corniflorae was phylogenetically distinct from other new species and fell outside of the large-spored Metschnikowia group.
Topics: Animals; Candida; Coleoptera; Genotype; Insecta; Phylogeny; Saccharomycetales
PubMed: 16483756
DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2005.11.010 -
Journal of Biological Inorganic... May 2021In previous studies it was found that the antimicrobial properties of pulcherrimin-producing Metschnikowia species are related to the formation of a red...
In previous studies it was found that the antimicrobial properties of pulcherrimin-producing Metschnikowia species are related to the formation of a red pigment-pulcherrimin and sequestration of free iron from their growth medium. For strains of Metschnikowia pulcherrima, M. sinensis, M. shaxiensis, and M. fructicola, at a high, ≈80 mg/kg, elemental Fe concentration in agar growth media we observed the essentially different (metal luster, non-glossy rust like, and colored) yeast biomass coatings. For the studied strains the optical and scanning electron microscopies showed the increased formation of chlamydospores that accumulate a red pigment-insoluble pulcherrimin rich in iron. The chlamydospore formation and decay depended on the iron concentration. In this study pulcherrimin in biomass of the selected Metschnikowia strains was detected by Mössbauer spectroscopy. At ≈80 mg/kg elemental Fe concentration the Mössbauer spectra of biomass of the studied strains were almost identical to these of purified pulcherrimin. Iron in pulcherrimin reached ≈1% of biomass by weight which is very high in comparison with elemental Fe percentage in growth medium and is not necessary for yeast growth. The pulcherrimin in biomass was also observed by Mössbauer spectroscopy at lower, ≈5 mg/kg, elemental Fe concentration. Through chemical binding of iron pulcherrimin sequestrates the soluble Fe in the growth media. However, at high Fe concentrations, the chemical and biochemical processes lead to the pulcherrimin accumulation in biomass chlamydospores. When soluble iron is sequestrated or removed from the growth media in this way, it becomes inaccessible for other microorganisms.
Topics: Amino Acids, Sulfur; Biomass; Iron; Metschnikowia; Piperidines; Species Specificity
PubMed: 33586048
DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01853-z -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021The "milky disease" of the Chinese mitten crab, , is a highly lethal fungal disease caused by infection. To elucidate the immune responses of the hemolymph of to...
The "milky disease" of the Chinese mitten crab, , is a highly lethal fungal disease caused by infection. To elucidate the immune responses of the hemolymph of to infection, a comparative analysis of the hemolymph of infected with and that treated with phosphate buffered saline was performed using label-free quantitative proteomics. A total of 429 proteins were identified. Using a 1.5-fold change in expression as a physiologically significant benchmark, 62 differentially expressed proteins were identified, of which 38 were significantly upregulated and 24 were significantly downregulated. The upregulated proteins mainly included cytoskeleton-related proteins (myosin regulatory light chain 2, myosin light chain alkali, tubulin α-2 chain, and tubulin β-1 chain), serine protease and serine protease inhibitor (clip domain-containing serine protease, leukocyte elastase inhibitor, serine protein inhibitor 42Dd), catalase, transferrin, and heat shock protein 70. Upregulation of these proteins indicated that phenoloxidase system, phagocytosis and the ROS systems were induced by . The downregulated proteins were mainly organ and tissue regeneration proteins (PDGF/VEGF-related factor protein, integrin-linked protein kinase homing pat-4 gene) and hemagglutination-associated proteins (hemolymph clottable protein, hemocyte protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase). Downregulation of these proteins indicated that inhibited hemocyte regeneration and hemolymph agglutination. Fifteen differentially expressed proteins related to immunity were verified using a parallel reaction monitoring method. The expression trend of these proteins was similar to that of the proteome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the proteome of in response to infection. These results not only provide new and important information on the immune response of crustaceans to yeast infection but also provide a basis for further understanding the molecular mechanism of complex host pathogen interactions between crustaceans and fungi.
Topics: Animals; Arthropod Proteins; Brachyura; China; Chromatography, Liquid; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Ontology; Hemolymph; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Male; Metschnikowia; Proteome; Proteomics; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 33868309
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.659723 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology May 2014In the present study, it was investigated the antagonistic behaviour of Metschnikowia pulcherrima, as biocontrol agent, against the main wine yeast species involved in...
AIMS
In the present study, it was investigated the antagonistic behaviour of Metschnikowia pulcherrima, as biocontrol agent, against the main wine yeast species involved in the winemaking process.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Seven strains of M. pulcherrima were evaluated for the antimicrobial activity against 114 yeast strains belonging to Pichia, Candida, Hanseniaspora, Kluyveromyces, Saccharomycodes, Torulaspora, Brettanomyces and Saccharomyces genera. Results showed both different inter-generic and intra-generic responses to the antimicrobial action of M. pulcherrima strains. Interestingly, the antimicrobial activity of M. pulcherrima did not have any influence on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Instead, M. pulcherrima displayed a broad and effective antimicrobial action on undesired wild spoilage yeasts, such as Brettanomyces/Dekkera, Hanseniaspora and Pichia genera. Fermentation trials carried out in synthetic grape must confirmed the antimicrobial activity of M. pulcherrima, determining the early death of the non-Saccharomyces co-inoculated cultures.
CONCLUSIONS
The antimicrobial activity of M. pulcherrima does not seem due to proteinaceous compounds such as killer phenomenon, but to the pulcherriminic acid (the precursor of pulcherrimin pigment) that depletes iron present in the medium, making it not available to the other yeasts.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
These data agree with and further support the potential use of selected M. pulcherrima strains in controlled multistarter fermentations with S. cerevisiae starter cultures.
Topics: Antibiosis; Antifungal Agents; Biological Control Agents; Metschnikowia; Wine; Yeasts
PubMed: 24443784
DOI: 10.1111/jam.12446 -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Jun 2020The isolation of a single yeast strain in the clade containing Metschnikowia dekortorum, in the Amazon biome of Brazil, incited us to re-examine the species boundaries...
The isolation of a single yeast strain in the clade containing Metschnikowia dekortorum, in the Amazon biome of Brazil, incited us to re-examine the species boundaries within the clade. The strain (UFMG-CM-Y6306) was difficult to position relative to neighbouring species using standard barcode sequences (ITS-D1/D2 rRNA gene region). Mating took place freely with α strains of M. bowlesiae, M. dekortorum, and M. similis, but two-spored asci, indicative of a fertile meiotic progeny, were formed abundantly only with certain strains of M. dekortorum. Accordingly, we examined mating success among every phylotype in the clade and constructed a phylogeny based on a concatenation of 100 of the largest orthologous genes annotated in draft genomes. The analyses confirmed membership of the Amazonian isolate in M. dekortorum, but also indicated that the species should be subdivided into two. As a result, we retain three original members of M. dekortorum in the species, together with the new isolate, and reassign six isolates recovered from Mesoamerican lacustrine habitats to Metschnikowia lacustris sp. nov. The type is UWOPS 12-619.2 (isotype CBS 16250). MycoBank: MB 833751.
Topics: Brazil; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Genes, Fungal; Genes, rRNA; Life Cycle Stages; Metschnikowia; Mycological Typing Techniques; Phylogeny; Saccharomycetales
PubMed: 32100143
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01395-5