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Drugs Oct 1983Intravenous miconazole can produce responses in patients with various manifestations of coccidioidal disease, even if they have failed to respond to amphotericin B. In 4... (Review)
Review
Intravenous miconazole can produce responses in patients with various manifestations of coccidioidal disease, even if they have failed to respond to amphotericin B. In 4 large series of 33, 33, 46 and 31 courses of miconazole for skin and soft tissue, chronic pulmonary, meningeal and skeletal coccidioidomycosis, response rates of 40, 72, 31 and 32%, respectively, were achieved; 60, 75, 78 and 56%, respectively, of those responding subsequently relapsed at the site(s) of earlier involvement. This suggests that the therapeutic effect of the relatively brief courses used (mean, 1 to 3 months) is fungistatic in vivo. Common side effects of intravenous miconazole include phlebitis, pruritus, anaemia, thrombocytosis, hyponatraemia, nausea, hyperlipidaemia, vomiting, central nervous system effects, and rashes. The place of miconazole relative to amphotericin B and ketoconazole has not been determined, and requires further comparative studies. Information on the results of different regimens, particularly longer courses, would also be of interest.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Coccidioidomycosis; Female; Humans; Male; Meningitis; Miconazole; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Skin Diseases, Infectious
PubMed: 6354686
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-198326040-00004 -
Proceedings of the Royal Society of... 1977The epidemiology of Coccidioides immitis is described with respect to annual infection rates and differing ethnic susceptibilities to the infection. A trial of... (Review)
Review
The epidemiology of Coccidioides immitis is described with respect to annual infection rates and differing ethnic susceptibilities to the infection. A trial of miconazole in infected mice produced 100% survival in conditions which normally kill 100% of animals, probably by drastically reducing the rate of fungal multiplication in the lung. The fungal endospore, the form of the dimorphic fungus found predominantly in host tissue is more sensitive to miconazole than is the mycelial form. Data are presented from 14 human patients, some moribund and comatose, all of whom had failed to respond to existing therapy. There was objective evidence of improvement in eight, and a subjective impression of improvement in the majority. One patient failed to respond and three have equivocal results.
Topics: Animals; Coccidioidomycosis; Humans; Mice; Miconazole
PubMed: 122639
DOI: No ID Found -
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Apr 2006Miconazole is an imidazole that has been successfully used for over 30 years for the treatment of superficial and cutaneous disease. This agent is distinguished from... (Review)
Review
Miconazole is an imidazole that has been successfully used for over 30 years for the treatment of superficial and cutaneous disease. This agent is distinguished from other azoles by possessing two mechanisms of action. The first mechanism is shared with other azoles and involves the inhibition of ergosterol synthesis. Another mechanism involves inhibition of peroxidases, which results in the accumulation of peroxide within the cell resulting in cell death. Susceptibility patterns for miconazole demonstrate that yeast fungi remain largely susceptible even in light of repeated exposures. Despite the release of newer azoles and other classes of antifungals, miconazole remains a highly prescribed treatment for vaginal candidiasis.
Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Humans; Miconazole; Mycoses; Nonprescription Drugs
PubMed: 16597199
DOI: 10.1586/14787210.4.2.171 -
The Australian Nurses' Journal. Royal... Mar 1983
Topics: Adult; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Miconazole; Pregnancy
PubMed: 6552174
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 2016Various nano-based strategies for increasing the efficiency of topical drugs have offered the potential advantage of miconazole skin delivery. Miconazole nitrate is an... (Review)
Review
Various nano-based strategies for increasing the efficiency of topical drugs have offered the potential advantage of miconazole skin delivery. Miconazole nitrate is an antifungal drug with a drawback of poor skin-penetration in the treatment of deep seated fungal skin infections. Drug entrapment in nanoparticles such as ethosome, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nano structured lipid carriers (NLCs) can facilitate localized drug delivery and remove the skin barriers for an efficient drug delivery. Different nano-formulations have been recently examined for the controlled release, retention and permeation enhancement of miconazole in skin. The present overview focuses on novel nano-based formulation approaches employed to improve miconazole penetration through skin for the treatment of fungal infections.
Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Dermatomycoses; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Miconazole; Nanostructures; Skin
PubMed: 26927217
DOI: 10.2174/1389201017666160301102459 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... May 2012Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is among the most common opportunistic infections observed in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. A once-daily miconazole... (Review)
Review
Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is among the most common opportunistic infections observed in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. A once-daily miconazole 50 mg mucoadhesive buccal tablet (MBT) is a novel delivery system with potent in vitro activity against many Candida species, including some that may be resistant to other azoles. MBT, although more expensive, offers an effective, safe, and well-tolerated topical treatment option for OPC that is administered as a convenient once-daily dose.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Miconazole; Tablets; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 22495075
DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis205 -
Future Microbiology Jun 2008In the past 40 years imidazoles have been used extensively in medicine for their antifungal properties. All members of the azole antifungal family inhibit ergosterol... (Review)
Review
In the past 40 years imidazoles have been used extensively in medicine for their antifungal properties. All members of the azole antifungal family inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis. However, the discovery of an additional fungicidal mode of action for miconazole has drawn renewed attention to this compound. In this article we review recent evidence of mechanistic efficacy, as well as clinical trial results of miconazole in new topical formulations.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Fungi; Humans; Miconazole; Microbial Viability; Mycoses
PubMed: 18505391
DOI: 10.2217/17460913.3.3.265 -
Drugs Jan 1980Miconazole is an imidazole antifungal drug which has recently become available for systemic use. Its antifungal activity has been well studied and it is active in vitro... (Review)
Review
Miconazole is an imidazole antifungal drug which has recently become available for systemic use. Its antifungal activity has been well studied and it is active in vitro against a wide range of fungi. Published and unpublished reports of the use of miconazole in conditions such as systemic or mucocutaneous candidosis, coccidioidomycosis, fungal meningitis, and paracoccidioidomycosis (which seems especially responsive) have often been encouraging, particularly in view of the serious, refractory nature of the conditions treated, but in most areas of use experience is limited. There are few effective drugs available for treating most systemic fungal infections, and if further studies confirm the encouraging results often seen to date, miconazole will be an important addition to the limited choices available for such conditions.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Imidazoles; Intestinal Absorption; Kidney Diseases; Kinetics; Miconazole; Mycoses
PubMed: 6988200
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-198019010-00002 -
Oral Diseases Apr 2016The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of miconazole for treating oral candidiasis. Twelve electronic databases were searched for randomized... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of miconazole for treating oral candidiasis. Twelve electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials evaluating treatments for oral candidiasis and complemented by hand searching. The clinical and mycological outcomes, as well as adverse effects, were set as the primary outcome criteria. Seventeen trials were included in this review. Most studies were considered to have a high or moderate level of bias. Miconazole was more effective than nystatin for thrush. For HIV-infected patients, there was no significant difference in the efficacy between miconazole and other antifungals. For denture wearers, microwave therapy was significantly better than miconazole. No significant difference was found in the safety evaluation between miconazole and other treatments. The relapse rate of miconazole oral gel may be lower than that of other formulations. This systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that miconazole may be an optional choice for thrush. Microwave therapy could be an effective adjunct treatment for denture stomatitis. Miconazole oral gel may be more effective than other formulations with regard to long-term results. However, future studies that are adequately powered, large-scale, and well-designed are needed to provide higher-quality evidence for the management of oral candidiasis.
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; Chewing Gum; Gels; Humans; Miconazole; Microwaves
PubMed: 26456226
DOI: 10.1111/odi.12380 -
Archives of Internal Medicine Nov 1983
Topics: Drug Synergism; Humans; Miconazole; Warfarin
PubMed: 6639249
DOI: No ID Found