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Revue de Stomatologie Et de Chirurgie... Jun 2008
Review
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Administration, Buccal; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; Humans; Miconazole; Tablets
PubMed: 18538809
DOI: 10.1016/j.stomax.2008.04.006 -
Drug and Chemical Toxicology Mar 2022There are an estimated 1 billion cases of superficial fungal infection globally. Fungal pathogens form biofilms within wounds and delay the wound healing process....
There are an estimated 1 billion cases of superficial fungal infection globally. Fungal pathogens form biofilms within wounds and delay the wound healing process. Miconazole and terbinafine are commonly used to treat fungal infections. They induce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fungi, resulting in the death of fungal cells. ROS are highly reactive molecules, such as oxygen (O), superoxide anion (O•-), hydrogen peroxide (HO) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Although ROS generation is useful for killing pathogenic fungi, it is cytotoxic to human keratinocytes. To the best of our knowledge, the effect of miconazole and terbinafine on HaCaT cells has not been studied with respect to intracellular ROS stimulation. We hypothesized that miconazole and terbinafine have anti-wound healing effects on skin cells when used in antifungal treatment because they generate ROS in fungal cells. We used sulforhodamine B protein staining to investigate cytotoxicity and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate to determine ROS accumulation at the 50% inhibitory concentrations of miconazole and terbinafine in HaCaT cells. Our preliminary results showed that topical treatment with miconazole and terbinafine induced cytotoxic responses, with miconazole showing higher cytotoxicity than terbinafine. Both the treatments stimulated ROS in keratinocytes, which may induce oxidative stress and cell death. This suggests a negative correlation between intracellular ROS accumulation in keratinocytes treated with miconazole or terbinafine and the healing of fungi-infected skin wounds.
Topics: Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Keratinocytes; Miconazole; Reactive Oxygen Species; Terbinafine
PubMed: 32538189
DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1778019 -
Lancet (London, England) Feb 1979
Topics: Administration, Oral; Coccidioidomycosis; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Imidazoles; Miconazole; Paracoccidioidomycosis; Tropical Medicine
PubMed: 85014
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT 1997The genotoxic effects of miconazole (MC) were studied in mouse bone-marrow cells and primary spermatocytes at diakinesis metaphase I of meiosis. The ability of...
The genotoxic effects of miconazole (MC) were studied in mouse bone-marrow cells and primary spermatocytes at diakinesis metaphase I of meiosis. The ability of miconazole to induce chromosomal aberrations was investigated. Both acute and subacute treatments were tested. Doses were 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg per animal. Both acute and subacute treatments induced statistically significant dose-dependent chromosomal aberrations. The effect of miconazole on sperm head morphology was also studied in animals treated for five successive days with the three doses. Morphological sperm head abnormalities increased significantly after treatment with miconazole. The increase was dose-dependent. These results suggests that miconazole has a genotoxic effect on mice somatic and germ cells.
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Cells; Chromosome Aberrations; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mice; Miconazole; Mutagens; Spermatocytes; Spermatozoa
PubMed: 9339744
DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1263(199709)17:5<313::aid-jat444>3.0.co;2-6 -
The American Journal of Medicine Feb 1976Fourteen patients with chronic coccidioidomycosis, many of whom had complicating concurrent diseases and/or had failed to respond to amphotericin therapy, were treated... (Review)
Review
Fourteen patients with chronic coccidioidomycosis, many of whom had complicating concurrent diseases and/or had failed to respond to amphotericin therapy, were treated with intravenous miconazole, a synthetic imidazole drug previously shown to be effective in experimental murine coccidioidomycosis. Up to 3.6 g/day was given for up to three months. 7inimal inhibitory concentrations of mycelial and endospore phases of all clinical isolates of C. immitis were less than 2.0 mug/ml. Peak concentrations in the blood of up to 7.5 mug/ml (by assay against C. immitis in vitro) were achieved. Doses above 9 mg/kg or 350 mg/m2 were more efficacious in producing blood levels over 1 mug/ml. Serum protein binding, determined by several methods, was approximately 90 per cent. The disappearance of bioactive drug from blood after infusion has a rapid initial phase (t1/2 approximately 30 minutes) and a final plateau (t1/2 approximately 20 hours). Eight patients had objective evidence of response, three had slight or equivocal responses, two could not be evaluated, and one was a treatment failure. Side effects were generally uncommon, minor and transient except for phlebitis. Infusion into central venous catheters appears to circumvent this problem. Miconazole is a potentially useful drug in the treatment of coccidioidomycosis.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Coccidioides; Coccidioidomycosis; Humans; Imidazoles; Kinetics; Male; Miconazole; Middle Aged; Protein Binding; Sputum
PubMed: 766623
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(76)90428-9 -
Pharmacotherapy 1997Miconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent that is available in topical, vaginal, and parenteral formulations. Indications for the parenteral product have become rare...
Miconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent that is available in topical, vaginal, and parenteral formulations. Indications for the parenteral product have become rare with the development of newer, more effective agents. A 54-year-old man who had undergone orthotopic heart transplantation developed a widespread subcutaneous Scopulariopsis infection that progressed despite treatment with amphotericin B and itraconazole. Intravenous miconazole was added to his regimen. During the infusion he developed a bradyarrhythmia that resolved after miconazole was discontinued. On rechallenge with a lower dosage, bradyarrhythmia recurred and progressed to ventricular fibrillation. The patient died despite full resuscitation efforts. Only a few case reports exist of miconazole-induced cardiac arrhythmias, and these events were attributed to rapid intravenous administration, insufficient dilution, and the drug's vehicle. We believe that intravenous miconazole should be given with caution to patients with underlying heart disease.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Bradycardia; Dermatomycoses; Fatal Outcome; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Male; Miconazole; Middle Aged; Mitosporic Fungi; Opportunistic Infections
PubMed: 9085333
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Aug 1977
Topics: Humans; Imidazoles; Miconazole; Mycoses
PubMed: 890290
DOI: No ID Found -
Proceedings of the Royal Society of... 1977Intravenous treatment with miconazole brought about the recovery of 90% of patients with gastrointestinal or systemic candidosis. Miconazole given by the same route has... (Review)
Review
Intravenous treatment with miconazole brought about the recovery of 90% of patients with gastrointestinal or systemic candidosis. Miconazole given by the same route has also been found effective in the treatment of cryptococcosis, coccidioidomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis. Cryptococcal and coccidioidal meningitis have been cured by combined intravenous and intrathecal instillation, although treatment of aspergillosis has presented difficulty. Oral treatment was effective in curing dermatophyte skin infections and systemic mycoses caused by sensitive organisms such as paracoccidioides, blastomyces and histoplasma. The question of blood levels following oral and intravenous administration is discussed. Side effects of the drug were few, and included chills, dizziness, skin rash, itching and diarrhoea. Thus miconazole can safely be given to seriously ill patients. Its behaviour in the body is not influenced by renal insufficiency and no drug induced resistance has been reported.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Miconazole; Mycoses
PubMed: 122647
DOI: No ID Found -
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Jan 2011Oropharyngeal candidiasis is a commonly encountered problem in daily clinical practice. Topical therapies for oropharyngeal candidiasis are considered preferable to...
Oropharyngeal candidiasis is a commonly encountered problem in daily clinical practice. Topical therapies for oropharyngeal candidiasis are considered preferable to systemic therapies in most patient populations. However, traditional topical therapies have limitations including short contact time with the oral mucosa and the need for multiple doses each day. Miconazole mucoadhesive tablet has recently been approved in Europe (Loramyc®) and the USA (Oravig™) for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis. This tablet adheres to the oral mucosa and provides sustained local release of miconazole over a period of several hours with just one daily application. This article reviews the pharmacology, safety and efficacy of this novel agent.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Oral; Europe; Humans; Miconazole; Mouth Mucosa; Oropharynx; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Tablets; United States
PubMed: 21171872
DOI: 10.1586/eri.10.152 -
Proceedings of the Royal Society of... 1977Based on our experience with our first patients, miconazole is now the drug of choice in cases of systemic and pulmonary candidal infection. Initially we prefer the...
Based on our experience with our first patients, miconazole is now the drug of choice in cases of systemic and pulmonary candidal infection. Initially we prefer the parenteral route of administration which is continued for only one or two weeks after a negative finding in culture. The dosage is 1.2 g per day for a 70 kg patient. Thereafter the treatment is continued orally for another four weeks. Miconazole is well documented as a drug without serious side-effects, but the incidence of candidal infections in about 1% of our surgical patients does not justify its prophylactic administration. Like antibiotics, miconazole is given only when there is a clinical manifestation and a positive finding in culture.
Topics: Candidiasis; Humans; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Male; Miconazole
PubMed: 122640
DOI: No ID Found