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Journal of Thermal Biology Aug 2021Thermal microchip sensors can automate body temperature measurements. The best site of implantation is still unknown, and the accuracy and precision of body temperature...
Thermal microchip sensors can automate body temperature measurements. The best site of implantation is still unknown, and the accuracy and precision of body temperature predictions based on microchip data need to be investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the best site for microchip implant for monitoring body temperature in dairy calves. Seventeen calves were used (32.2 ± 5.2 kg of body weight) and the microchips were implanted four days after birth. The microchips were implanted at navel, ear and tail base (subcutaneous), neck (cleidocephalicus) and internal face of leg (gracilis) (intramuscular). Rectal temperature (RT, °C), obtained with a clinical thermometer, was considered as core temperature. Air temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH) and the temperature and humidity index (THI) were evaluated at the same time of rectal and microchip temperature measurements over 56 days. The range of AT, RH and THI was 7.6-34.4 °C, 17.5-99.0% and 50.6 to 91.5. The average for rectum, ear, neck, tail, leg, and navel were 38.7; 36.9; 38.0; 37.0, 37.8 and 37.0 °C. The intramuscular implantations had closest values to RT. The correlations between RT and ear, neck, tail, leg, and navel temperatures were 0.56, 0.60, 0.60, 0.53 e 0.48. The RT prediction based on microchip data had precision (r) ranged between 0.49 and 0.60 and accuracy (C) between 0.79 and 0.88. The inclusion of AT, RH and THI as predictive variables in models decrease the mean absolute error (23%) and increase the precision (21.3%) and accuracy (10.2%). The Concordance Correlation Coefficient and root-mean-square error for equations using tail or neck microchips were 0.68 and 0.67, and 0.29 and 0.28 °C, respectively. The tail base is a promising site for microchip implantation to predict rectal temperature. The inclusion of air temperature as a predictive variable in the models is recommended.
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Cattle; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Thermometers; Thermometry; Wearable Electronic Devices
PubMed: 34503799
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103052 -
Electrophoresis Aug 2015Micro total analysis system (μTAS) or lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technology has advanced over decades, and the high performance for chemical and biological analysis has been... (Review)
Review
Micro total analysis system (μTAS) or lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technology has advanced over decades, and the high performance for chemical and biological analysis has been well demonstrated with advantages of low sample consumption, rapid analysis time, high-throughput screening, and portability. In particular, μTAS or LOC based genetic applications have been extensively explored, and the short tandem repeat (STR) typing on a chip has garnered attention in the forensic community due to its special use for human identification in the field of mass disaster and missing person investigation, paternity testing, and perpetrator identification. The STR typing process consists of sample collection, DNA extraction, DNA quantitation, STR loci amplification, capillary electrophoretic separation, and STR profiling. Recent progress of microtechnology shows its ability to substitute the conventional analytical tools, and furthermore demonstrates total integration of the whole STR processes on a single wafer for on-site STR typing. In this review article, we highlighted some representative results for fluorescence labeling techniques, microchip-based DNA purification, on-chip polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a capillary electrophoretic microdevice, and a fully integrated microdevice for STR typing.
Topics: Genotyping Techniques; Microsatellite Repeats; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
PubMed: 25963560
DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400477 -
Veterinary Journal (London, England :... Sep 2004
Topics: Animal Identification Systems; Animals; Diagnosis, Differential; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Foreign Bodies; Liposarcoma; Male; Neck; Soft Tissue Neoplasms
PubMed: 15301769
DOI: 10.1016/S1090-0233(03)00121-7 -
Optimizing Binding Site Spacing in Fluidic Self-Assembly for Enhanced Microchip Integration Density.Micromachines Feb 2024This manuscript presents a comprehensive study on the assembly of microchips using fluidic self-assembly (FSA) technology, with a focus on optimizing the spacing between...
This manuscript presents a comprehensive study on the assembly of microchips using fluidic self-assembly (FSA) technology, with a focus on optimizing the spacing between binding sites to improve yield and assembly. Through a series of experiments, we explored the assembly of microchips on substrates with varying binding site spacings, revealing the impact of spacing on the rate of undesired chip assembly across multiple sites. Our findings indicate a significant reduction in incorrect assembly rates as the spacing increases beyond a critical threshold of 140 μm. This study delves into the mechanics of chip alignment within the fluid medium, hypothesizing that the extent of the alloy's grip on the chips at different spacings influences assembly outcomes. By analyzing cases of undesired assembly, we identified the relationship between binding site spacing and the area of chip contact, demonstrating a decrease in the combined left and right areas of chips as the spacing increases. The results highlight a critical spacing threshold, which, when optimized, could significantly enhance the efficiency and precision of microchip assembly processes using FSA technology. This research contributes to the field of microcomponent assembly, offering insights into achieving higher integration densities and precision in applications, such as microLED displays and augmented reality (AR) devices.
PubMed: 38542547
DOI: 10.3390/mi15030300 -
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Apr 2008A 14-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat presented with an interscapular mass. A computed tomography scan, biopsy, and histological examination revealed a...
A 14-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat presented with an interscapular mass. A computed tomography scan, biopsy, and histological examination revealed a fibrosarcoma adjacent to a pet identification microchip. Because the cat was previously vaccinated at this site, it is not possible to establish definitive causation of the fibrosarcoma, but this is the first report of a tumor in the vicinity of a microchip in a cat. Microchip-associated tumors have been reported in rodents and dogs. Veterinarians should be aware that because inflammation may predispose felines to tumor formation, separation and observation of vaccination and implantation sites are indicated. Adherence to American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP) vaccination guidelines and monitoring of microchip implantation sites are recommended.
Topics: Animal Identification Systems; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Female; Fibrosarcoma; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Immunohistochemistry; Prostheses and Implants; Vaccination
PubMed: 18313963
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2007.10.011 -
Analytical Chemistry May 2012This paper describes a novel on-chip microarray platform based on an electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) strategy for rapid assay of cancer cell...
This paper describes a novel on-chip microarray platform based on an electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) strategy for rapid assay of cancer cell surface biomarkers. This platform consists of 64 antigen-decorated CdS nanorod spots with the diameter of 1.0 cm uniformly distributed on 16 indium tin oxide (ITO) strips, which is coated with a multichannel decorated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) slice to realize multiplexed determination of antigens. To shorten the immune reaction time in the microchannels and simplify the device, magnetic stirring and four-channel universal serial bus (USB) ports for plug-and-play were used. When Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) labeled antibodies were selectively captured by the corresponding antigens on the CdS nanorod spot array, ECL-RET from the CdS nanorod (donor) by cathodic emission in the presence of K(2)S(2)O(8) to Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) (acceptor) occurred. With signal amplification of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) and competitive immunoassay, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), α-fetoprotein (AFP), and prostate specific antigen (PSA) as models were detected on this microfluidic device via recording the increased ECL-RET signals on electrode surfaces. Furthermore, this multiplexed competitive immunoassay was successfully used for detecting cancer cell surface antigens via the specific antibody-cell interactions and cell counting via cell surface receptors and antigens on the CdS nanorod surface. This platform provides a rapid and simple but sensitive approach with microliter-level sample volume and holds great promise for multiplexed detection of antigens and antigen-specific cells.
Topics: Antibodies; Cadmium Compounds; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Cell Line, Tumor; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes; Equipment Design; Humans; Immunoassay; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Luminescent Measurements; Male; Nanotubes; Neoplasms; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sulfides; alpha-Fetoproteins
PubMed: 22494075
DOI: 10.1021/ac300551e -
Nanoscale Apr 2021Interest in cryo-Electron Microscopy (EM) imaging has skyrocketed in recent years due to its pristine views of macromolecules and materials. As advances in...
Interest in cryo-Electron Microscopy (EM) imaging has skyrocketed in recent years due to its pristine views of macromolecules and materials. As advances in instrumentation and computing algorithms spurred this progress, there is renewed focus to address specimen-related challenges. Here we contribute a microchip-based toolkit to perform complementary structural and biochemical analysis on low-molecular weight proteins. As a model system, we used the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein (48 kDa) due to its stability and important role in therapeutic development. Cryo-EM structures of the N protein monomer revealed a flexible N-terminal "top hat" motif and a helical-rich C-terminal domain. To complement our structural findings, we engineered microchip-based immunoprecipitation assays that led to the discovery of the first antibody binding site on the N protein. The data also facilitated molecular modeling of a variety of pandemic and common cold-related coronavirus proteins. Such insights may guide future pandemic-preparedness protocols through immuno-engineering strategies to mitigate viral outbreaks.
Topics: Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins; Cryoelectron Microscopy; Molecular Weight; Phosphoproteins; Protein Structure, Secondary; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33889923
DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00388g -
Veterinary Dermatology Dec 2011A 9-year-old, neutered male cat was presented for a subcutaneous mass on the neck. After surgical removal of the mass, a pet identification microchip was found within...
A 9-year-old, neutered male cat was presented for a subcutaneous mass on the neck. After surgical removal of the mass, a pet identification microchip was found within the tumour. Histological examination of the mass revealed typical features of the feline postinjection sarcoma. The cat had never received injections at the tumour site; all routine vaccinations were administered in the hindlimbs. Few cases of sarcomas developing at the site of microchip application have been reported in animals, although the contributory role of vaccine administrations has not been ruled out. This is the first report of a microchip-associated fibrosarcoma in a cat. Adherence to American Association of Feline Practitioners vaccination guidelines, avoiding the interscapular area, enabled confirmation of the definitive aetiology of the neoplasia.
Topics: Animal Identification Systems; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Fibrosarcoma; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Male; Prostheses and Implants
PubMed: 21535253
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2011.00975.x -
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Sep 2014Chemiluminescent reactions have found application in a number of commercial point-of-care and on-site testing devices. Notable examples include allergy tests (e.g.,... (Review)
Review
Chemiluminescent reactions have found application in a number of commercial point-of-care and on-site testing devices. Notable examples include allergy tests (e.g., MASTpette, OPTIGEN® systems), flu tests (e.g., ZstatFlu®-II), cartridge-based immunoassay systems (FastPack® IP System, PATHFAST®), forensic tests for bloodstains, portable analyzers for biochip array assays (Evidence MultiStat), water quality tests (Eclox), air pollutants (e.g., oxides of nitrogen), and handheld devices for detecting explosives (e.g., E3500 Chemilux®). Many other point-of-care or on-site testing devices with a chemiluminescent end point have been devised on the basis of a variety of formats (e.g., cuvette, cassette, dipstick, test strip, microchip), but most have not progressed beyond a proof-of-principle or prototype stage.
Topics: Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; Environmental Monitoring; Humans; Luminescent Measurements; Point-of-Care Systems
PubMed: 24658468
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7697-8 -
Micromachines Feb 2021Anthocyanins are antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ingredients in various fruit beverages, for which their conservation and quantitation are important for the food...
Anthocyanins are antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ingredients in various fruit beverages, for which their conservation and quantitation are important for the food industry. In this paper, we report a simple, portable device for accurate on-site determination of total monomeric anthocyanins in fruit beverages employing a Wi-Fi scanner coupled with a flexible microchip and a free mobile app. The detection principle is based on the pH-induced colorimetric reactions of anthocyanins performed in a specially designed microchip and validated with standard spectrophotometric measurements. The microchip with multiple testing vials was prepared with the benchtop molding method with a common PDMS elastomer and a transparency film; the photo of the scanned microchip is wirelessly sent to a smartphone and the RGB values of individual reaction vials in the microchip are analyzed with a free mobile app to determine the corresponding concentrations. It was demonstrated that the quantitation performance of this POCT device is comparable with conventional spectrophotometry in the determination of total anthocyanins in both standard solutions and fruit beverages.
PubMed: 33670979
DOI: 10.3390/mi12030246