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Bulletin Der Schweizerischen Akademie... Nov 1978
Topics: Genetic Code; Genetics; Genetics, Microbial; Molecular Biology
PubMed: 728670
DOI: No ID Found -
Nature Reviews. Microbiology Jun 2008The earth contains a huge number of largely uncharacterized Bacteria and Archaea. Microbiologists are struggling to summarize their genetic diversity and classify them,... (Review)
Review
The earth contains a huge number of largely uncharacterized Bacteria and Archaea. Microbiologists are struggling to summarize their genetic diversity and classify them, which has resulted in heated debates on methods for defining species, mechanisms that lead to speciation and whether microbial species even exist. This Review proposes that decisions on the existence of species and methods to define them should be guided by a method-free species concept that is based on cohesive evolutionary forces. It summarizes current approaches to defining species and the problems of these approaches, and presents selected examples of the population genetic patterns at and below the species level.
Topics: Archaea; Bacteria; Ecosystem; Environmental Microbiology; Evolution, Molecular; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Genetic Speciation; Genetic Variation; Genetics, Microbial; Models, Genetic; Selection, Genetic
PubMed: 18461076
DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro1872 -
Current Opinion in Microbiology Oct 2000The determination and analysis of complete genome sequences have recently enabled many major advances to be made in the area of microbial evolutionary biology. These... (Review)
Review
The determination and analysis of complete genome sequences have recently enabled many major advances to be made in the area of microbial evolutionary biology. These include the determination of the first genome of a Crenarchaeota, the suggestion that horizontal gene transfer may be the rule rather than the exception, and revelations about how genomes evolve on short timescales.
Topics: Archaea; Bacteria; Evolution, Molecular; Genetics, Microbial; Genomics; Recombination, Genetic
PubMed: 11050445
DOI: 10.1016/s1369-5274(00)00125-9 -
Current Opinion in Microbiology Apr 2013Advances in sequencing technology have provided an unprecedented view of bacterial diversity, along with a daunting number of novel genes. Within this new reality lies... (Review)
Review
Advances in sequencing technology have provided an unprecedented view of bacterial diversity, along with a daunting number of novel genes. Within this new reality lies the challenge of developing large-scale approaches to assign function to the new genes and place them in pathways. Here, we highlight recent advances on this front, focusing on how high-throughput gene-gene, gene-drug and drug-drug interactions can yield functional and mechanistic inferences in bacteria.
Topics: Bacteria; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Genetics, Microbial; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Molecular Biology
PubMed: 23403119
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2013.01.008 -
Research in Microbiology Jun 2015
Topics: Bacteriology; Bacteriophages; France; Genetics, Microbial; Gram-Negative Bacteria; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Type I Secretion Systems
PubMed: 26258186
DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2015.03.010 -
Microbial Biotechnology Sep 2019
Topics: Bioelectric Energy Sources; Biotechnology; Electricity; Electrochemical Techniques; Genetics, Microbial; Synthetic Biology
PubMed: 31264368
DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13456 -
Pathogens and Disease Aug 2019Pathogens constantly interact with their hosts and the environment, and therefore have evolved unique virulence mechanisms to target and breach host defense barriers and... (Review)
Review
Pathogens constantly interact with their hosts and the environment, and therefore have evolved unique virulence mechanisms to target and breach host defense barriers and manipulate host immune response to establish an infection. Advances in technologies that allow genome mining, gene editing such as CRISPR/Cas9, genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic studies such as dual RNA-seq, coupled with bioinformatics, have accelerated the field of host-pathogen interactions within a broad range of infection models. Underpinning of the molecular changes that accompany invasion of eukaryotic cells with pathogenic microorganisms at the intersection of host, pathogen and their local environment has provided a better understanding of infectious disease mechanisms and antimicrobial strategies. The recent evolution of physiologically relevant three-dimensional (3-D) tissue/organ models and microfluidic organ-on-chip devices also provided a window to a more predictive framework of infectious disease processes. These approaches combined hold the potential to highly impact discovery of novel drug targets and vaccine candidates of the future. Here, we review three of the available and emerging technologies-dual RNA-seq, CRISPR/Cas9 screening and organs-on-chips, applicable to the high throughput study and deciphering of interaction networks between pathogens and their hosts that are critical for the development of novel therapeutics.
Topics: CRISPR-Associated Protein 9; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; Communicable Diseases; Computational Biology; Gene Editing; Gene Expression Profiling; Genetic Testing; Genetics, Microbial; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Sequence Analysis, RNA
PubMed: 31626299
DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz060 -
FEMS Microbiology Reviews Mar 2006Lactococci are one of the most exploited microorganisms used in the manufacture of food. These intensively used cultures are generally characterized by having a rich... (Review)
Review
Lactococci are one of the most exploited microorganisms used in the manufacture of food. These intensively used cultures are generally characterized by having a rich plasmid complement. It could be argued that it is the plasmid complement of commercially utilized cultures that gives them their technical superiority and individuality. Consequently, it is timely to reflect on the desirable characteristics encoded on lactococcal plasmids. It is argued that plasmids play a key role in the evolution of modern starter strains and are a lot more than just selfish replicosomes but more essential necessities of intensively used commercial starters. Moreover, the study of plasmid biology provides a genetic blueprint that has proved essential for the generation of molecular tools for the genetic improvement of Lactococcus lactis.
Topics: Genetic Markers; Genetics, Microbial; Lactococcus lactis; Phenotype; Plasmids
PubMed: 16472306
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2005.00011.x -
Current Opinion in Biotechnology Dec 2009Metagenomics has emerged as an alternative approach to conventional microbial screening that allows exhaustive screening of microbial genomes in their natural... (Review)
Review
Metagenomics has emerged as an alternative approach to conventional microbial screening that allows exhaustive screening of microbial genomes in their natural environments. Despite the potential usefulness of this approach, functional analysis of the metagenome is often problematic because of insufficient and biased expression of the cloned genes in Escherichia coli. This review highlights recent studies on the screening of metagenomic libraries and discusses some possible solutions for overcoming the expression problem in function-based screening.
Topics: Animals; Biotechnology; Computational Biology; Enzymes; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Gene Library; Genetic Variation; Genetics, Microbial; Genomics; Humans
PubMed: 19850467
DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2009.09.010 -
Research in Microbiology Jun 2014
Topics: France; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genetics, Microbial; History, 20th Century; Molecular Biology; Operon
PubMed: 24858939
DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.05.005