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Experimental and Clinical Immunogenetics 1999
Topics: Genetics, Microbial; History, 20th Century; Immunogenetics; Sweden
PubMed: 10232887
DOI: 10.1159/000019096 -
Scientific American Dec 1967
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Genetics, Microbial
PubMed: 6061177
DOI: 10.1038/scientificamerican1267-19 -
Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on... 1966
Topics: Genetics, Microbial; History of Medicine; United States
PubMed: 4867270
DOI: 10.1101/sqb.1966.031.01.005 -
Genome Biology 2005More than 99% of prokaryotes in the environment cannot be cultured in the laboratory, a phenomenon that limits our understanding of microbial physiology, genetics, and... (Review)
Review
More than 99% of prokaryotes in the environment cannot be cultured in the laboratory, a phenomenon that limits our understanding of microbial physiology, genetics, and community ecology. One way around this problem is metagenomics, the culture-independent cloning and analysis of microbial DNA extracted directly from an environmental sample. Recent advances in shotgun sequencing and computational methods for genome assembly have advanced the field of metagenomics to provide glimpses into the life of uncultured microorganisms.
Topics: Genetics, Microbial; Genomics; Oceans and Seas; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 16086859
DOI: 10.1186/gb-2005-6-8-229 -
Advances in Virus Research 2013The idea that viruses can be used to control fungal diseases has been a driving force in mycovirus research since the earliest days. Viruses in the family Hypoviridae... (Review)
Review
The idea that viruses can be used to control fungal diseases has been a driving force in mycovirus research since the earliest days. Viruses in the family Hypoviridae associated with reduced virulence (hypovirulence) of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, have held a prominent place in this research. This has been due in part to the severity of the chestnut blight epidemics in North America and Europe and early reports of hypovirulence-mediated mitigation of disease in European forests and successful application for control of chestnut blight in chestnut orchards. A more recent contributing factor has been the development of a hypovirus/C. parasitica experimental system that has overcome many of the challenges associated with mycovirus research, stemming primarily from the exclusive intracellular lifestyle shared by all mycoviruses. This chapter will focus on hypovirus molecular biology with an emphasis on the development of the hypovirus/C. parasitica experimental system and its contributions to fundamental and practical advances in mycovirology and the broader understanding of virus-host interactions and fungal pathogenesis.
Topics: Ascomycota; Genetics, Microbial; Molecular Biology; Mycology; Plant Diseases; RNA Viruses; Virology
PubMed: 23498905
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-394315-6.00005-2 -
Current Protocols in Microbiology May 2012Agrobacterium species are plant-associated relatives of the rhizobia. Several species cause plant diseases such as crown gall and hairy root, although there are also...
Agrobacterium species are plant-associated relatives of the rhizobia. Several species cause plant diseases such as crown gall and hairy root, although there are also avirulent species. A. tumefaciens is the most intensively studied species and causes crown gall, a neoplastic disease that occurs on a variety of plants. Virulence is specified by large plasmids, and in the case of A. tumefaciens, this is called the Ti (tumor-inducing) plasmid. During pathogenesis virulent agrobacteria copy a segment of the Ti plasmid and transfer it to the plant, where it subsequently integrates into the plant genome, and expresses genes that result in the disease symptoms. A. tumefaciens has been used extensively as a plant genetic engineering tool and is also a model microorganism that has been well studied for host-microbe associations, horizontal gene transfer, cell-cell communication, and biofilm formation. This unit describes standard protocols for genetic manipulation of A. tumefaciens.
Topics: Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Engineering; Genetic Vectors; Genetics, Microbial; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Plant Diseases; Plant Tumor-Inducing Plasmids; Plants; Plants, Genetically Modified; Virulence
PubMed: 22549163
DOI: 10.1002/9780471729259.mc03d02s25 -
Channels (Austin, Tex.) 2008
Review
Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Bacterial Proteins; Biological Transport; Genetics, Microbial; Nucleobase Transport Proteins
PubMed: 18981714
DOI: 10.4161/chan.2.5.6902 -
Current Opinion in Biotechnology Jun 2006The metagenomic analysis of environmental microbial communities continues to be a rapidly developing area of study. DNA isolation, the first step in capturing the... (Review)
Review
The metagenomic analysis of environmental microbial communities continues to be a rapidly developing area of study. DNA isolation, the first step in capturing the uncultivated majority, has seen many advances in recent years. Protocols have been developed to distinguish DNA from live versus dead cells and to separate extracellular from intracellular DNA. Looking to increase our understanding of the role that members of a microbial community play in ecological processes, several techniques have been developed that are enabling greater in-depth analysis of environmental metagenomes. These include the development of environmental gene tags and the serial analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence tags. In addition, new screening methods have been designed to select for specific functional genes within metagenomic libraries. Finally, new cultivation methods continue to be developed to improve our ability to capture a greater diversity of microorganisms within the environment.
Topics: DNA; Environmental Microbiology; Gene Expression; Gene Library; Genetics, Microbial; Genome, Bacterial; Genome, Fungal; Microbiological Techniques; Phylogeny
PubMed: 16701994
DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2006.05.004 -
Microbial Biotechnology Jan 2017Droplet microfluidics will become a disruptive technology in the field of library screening and replace biological selections if the central dogma of biology and other...
Droplet microfluidics will become a disruptive technology in the field of library screening and replace biological selections if the central dogma of biology and other processes are successfully implemented within microdroplets.
Topics: Genetic Testing; Genetics, Microbial; Genotype; Microbiological Techniques; Phenotype; Selection, Genetic
PubMed: 28044417
DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12490 -
Microbiology Spectrum Feb 2014For bacterial model organisms like Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, genetic tools to experimentally manipulate the activity of individual genes have existed for... (Review)
Review
For bacterial model organisms like Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, genetic tools to experimentally manipulate the activity of individual genes have existed for decades. But for genetically less tractable yet medically important bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, such tools have rarely been available. More recently, several groups developed genetic switches that function efficiently in M. tuberculosis and other mycobacteria. Together these systems utilize six transcription factors, eight regulated promoters, and three regulatory principles. In this chapter we describe their design features, review their main applications, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of regulating transcription, translation, or protein stability for controlling gene activities in bacteria. Genetic elements that enable specific and quantitative control over the activity of individual genes are irreplaceable components of the modern genetic toolbox. They facilitate not only the purification of proteins for biochemical, structural, or immunological studies but can also be applied to improve our understanding of in vivo gene functions. Until recently, only one such tool was available for use in mycobacteria, and its applicability in slowly growing mycobacteria was limited. But during the last decade at least a dozen new systems have been developed. In this chapter we review the design, components, and regulatory mechanisms of the different systems and discuss their main applications.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genetic Vectors; Genetics, Microbial; Molecular Biology; Mycobacterium
PubMed: 26082123
DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.MGM2-0018-2013