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Vestnik Otorinolaringologii 2004Clinical, mycological and histological examinations of 608 patients who had chronic purulent otitis media (n=232) or persistent purulent discharge after surgery on the... (Review)
Review
Clinical, mycological and histological examinations of 608 patients who had chronic purulent otitis media (n=232) or persistent purulent discharge after surgery on the middle ear (n=376) detected mycosis in 22 (9%) patients with chronic purulent otitis media and in 77 (20%) patients after surgery on the ear. Aspergillus niger occurred in 52.5% patients. Specific general or local treatment was made basing on the species of the pathogen.
Topics: Ear, Middle; Humans; Mycoses; Otitis Media
PubMed: 15029127
DOI: No ID Found -
Hearing Research Jul 1999The paper first reviews our present understanding of the functional morphology of the odontocete (toothed whale) ear. The tympano-periotic complex forming the ear region... (Review)
Review
The paper first reviews our present understanding of the functional morphology of the odontocete (toothed whale) ear. The tympano-periotic complex forming the ear region consists of a ventral bowl-shaped tympanic bone in direct contact with the surrounding soft tissues and the incident sound, and a dorsal periotic bone containing the inner ear. Apparently sound brings the tympanic bone, and especially its thin tympanic plate, into vibration. The ossicles in the air-filled middle ear cavity form a bridge from the tympanic plate to the periotic bone connecting the vibrating plate to the oval window and the inner ear. Our computer tomography (CT) sections and camera lucida drawings reveal two hitherto unknown features of the odontocete ear, both of them of potential relevance to sound reception and impedance matching. (1) It is well known that, in addition to the ossicular chain, two other bone structures connect the tympanic to the periotic bone. We show that the most delicate parts of these extra-ossicular connections consist of thin and folded bony sheets which apparently allow compliance in the tympano-periotic bone contacts and enable plate vibration in relation to the periotic bone. (2) The round head of the malleus, in combination with a fitting round depression on the periotic side, seems to form a joint. We propose that this (hypothetical) joint, together with the adjacent structures, forms a lever producing an amplification of the vibration velocity at the level of the oval window.
Topics: Animals; Dolphins; Ear Ossicles; Ear, Middle; Hearing; Models, Anatomic; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vibration
PubMed: 10416865
DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5955(99)00053-2 -
PloS One 2013The position of testudines in vertebrate phylogeny is being re-evaluated. At present, testudine morphological and molecular data conflict when reconstructing...
The position of testudines in vertebrate phylogeny is being re-evaluated. At present, testudine morphological and molecular data conflict when reconstructing phylogenetic relationships. Complicating matters, the ecological niche of stem testudines is ambiguous. To understand how turtles have evolved to hear in different environments, we examined middle ear morphology and scaling in most extant families, as well as some extinct species, using 3-dimensional reconstructions from micro magnetic resonance (MR) and submillimeter computed tomography (CT) scans. All families of testudines exhibited a similar shape of the bony structure of the middle ear cavity, with the tympanic disk located on the rostrolateral edge of the cavity. Sea Turtles have additional soft tissue that fills the middle ear cavity to varying degrees. When the middle ear cavity is modeled as an air-filled sphere of the same volume resonating in an underwater sound field, the calculated resonances for the volumes of the middle ear cavities largely fell within testudine hearing ranges. Although there were some differences in morphology, there were no statistically significant differences in the scaling of the volume of the bony middle ear cavity with head size among groups when categorized by phylogeny and ecology. Because the cavity is predicted to resonate underwater within the testudine hearing range, the data support the hypothesis of an aquatic origin for testudines, and function of the middle ear cavity in underwater sound detection.
Topics: Animals; Ear, Middle; Radiography; Turtles
PubMed: 23342082
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054086 -
Otology & Neurotology : Official... Oct 2023Papillomas originating from the Schneiderian epithelium within the middle ear are extremely rare and may be associated with a high rate of recurrence and malignant...
OBJECTIVE
Papillomas originating from the Schneiderian epithelium within the middle ear are extremely rare and may be associated with a high rate of recurrence and malignant transformation. Oncocytic papillomas represent the rarest pathological subtype of such tumors. The current investigation aimed to determine whether there exists a distinct mechanism underlying the incidence of oncocytic papillomas arising primarily within the middle ear, and to explore potential treatment strategies to ensure complete removal and prevent recurrence.
STUDY DESIGN
Search of the English literature for cases of middle ear papilloma and RNA sequencing analysis of three samples from one new case presenting at the Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University (Shanghai, China), with recurrent middle ear oncocytic papilloma, along with two normal mucosal samples.
SETTING
Academic, tertiary referral hospital.
PATIENT AND INTERVENTIONS
The patient underwent open mastoidectomy and endoscopic tympanoplasty twice in 6 years. Histopathology confirmed oncocytic papilloma in middle ear. The patient has been free of the disease at 18 months of follow-up without radiation, whereas the RNA-seq analysis of the samples in endoscopic operations remained nonmalignant.
RESULTS
Only four cases of primary middle ear oncocytic papillomas have been reported. Recurrent masses usually originate from around the eustachian tube, which may explain the pathogenesis of this lesion. RNA-seq analysis was used to identify 1,317 (UP, 239; DOWN, 1078) differentially expressed genes between papillomas and normal mucosa. The involvement of some hub proteins (e.g., FN1, CXCL8, L10, JUN, and FOS) in the pathogenesis of primary middle ear papillomas was found to align with the observed clinical features.
CONCLUSION
The middle ear oncocytic papillomas were extremely rare and remained incompletely understood. The findings of this first RNA-seq analysis of this rare tumor may serve to enhance comprehension of and aid in the management of middle ear papillomas.
Topics: Humans; China; Ear, Middle; Papilloma; Endoscopy; Eustachian Tube
PubMed: 37604509
DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000003993 -
Archives of Otolaryngology (Chicago,... Dec 1982In 92 healthy persons with the common cold, 184 ears were examined and 786 coincidental sonotubometric and tympanometric measurements were taken. There was a good tubal... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
In 92 healthy persons with the common cold, 184 ears were examined and 786 coincidental sonotubometric and tympanometric measurements were taken. There was a good tubal function when the middle-ear pressure was 0 to -25 mm H2O, with 91% of the tubes opening during swallowing. A systematically reduced tubal opening was noted as the middle ear pressure decreased from 0 to -200 mm H2O. The present study discloses that a negative middle-ear pressure evaluated by tympanometry does not always denote a closed tube, nor does a flat tympanogram necessarily indicate a middle-ear effusion. No definite limits could be ascertained for the normal middle-ear pressure; the middle ear is extremely dynamic, and middle-ear pressure can change for many reasons.
Topics: Acoustic Impedance Tests; Adult; Audiology; Common Cold; Ear, Middle; Eustachian Tube; Humans; Middle Aged; Pressure; Reference Values
PubMed: 7150069
DOI: 10.1001/archotol.1982.00790600010003 -
Acta Oto-laryngologica Jan 2023A few studies have reported transcanal endoscopic management of isolated congenital middle ear malformations (CMEMs).
BACKGROUND
A few studies have reported transcanal endoscopic management of isolated congenital middle ear malformations (CMEMs).
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study is to describe our surgical experience in endoscopic ear surgery for isolated CMEMs and evaluate the surgical effect of hearing reconstruction.
METHODS
From January 2017 to January 2022, a retrospective study was performed on 36 patients (37 ears) with isolated CMEMs who all underwent endoscopic surgery. Demographic data, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings, intraoperative findings, surgical management and audiometric data were recorded.
RESULTS
Anomalies were categorized according to the Teunissen and Cremers classification system: 8 ears were categorized as class I, 8 ears as class II, 19 ears as class III and 2 ears as class IV. The air conduction pure tone average (AC-PTA) of 37 cases was 61.5 ± 8.6 dB preoperatively and 29.6 ± 6.9 dB postoperatively ( < 0.001). The mean preoperative air-bone gap (ABG) significantly decreased from 43.1 ± 8.7 dB to 12.8 ± 5.5 dB postoperatively. 36 of 37 cases (97%) met the criteria for successful operation.
CONCLUSION
Isolated CMEMs are mainly manifested as aplasia of the stapes' superstructure and dysplasia of the long process of the incus. Transcanal endoscopic surgery seems a safe technique for the management of isolated CMEMs.
Topics: Humans; Ear Ossicles; Retrospective Studies; Hearing Loss, Conductive; Ear; Stapes; Treatment Outcome; Ear, Middle; Stapes Surgery
PubMed: 36661444
DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2023.2168051 -
Medical Engineering & Physics Oct 2009With developments in software and micro-measurement technology, a three-dimensional middle ear finite element (FE) model can now be more easily constructed to study... (Review)
Review
With developments in software and micro-measurement technology, a three-dimensional middle ear finite element (FE) model can now be more easily constructed to study sound transfer function. Many FE models of the middle ear have been constructed to date, and each has its own particular advantages and disadvantages. In this article, we review the latest developments and technologies in the field of the FE models of the middle ear, and the use of FE in the study of middle ear pathology. Proposals are made for future developments in the field of finite element analysis of middle ear transfer function.
Topics: Ear, Middle; Finite Element Analysis; Hearing Aids; Humans; Models, Biological; Prostheses and Implants
PubMed: 19643654
DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2009.06.009 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Aug 2022To describe the anatomic structures of the canine middle ear visible during endoscopic examination through ventral and lateral surgical approaches.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the anatomic structures of the canine middle ear visible during endoscopic examination through ventral and lateral surgical approaches.
SAMPLE
5 cadaveric canine heads representing 4 breeds.
PROCEDURES
A descriptive study was performed. For each head, a lateral approach was performed on one side and a ventral approach was performed on the opposite side. Images were obtained with a 2.7-mm, 30° telescope.
RESULTS
Captured images were reviewed, and anatomic structures visualized through the lateral and ventral approaches were identified. The optimal approach, telescope position, and light post orientation to identify each anatomic structure were subjectively determined.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Middle ear evaluation with a telescope was technically straightforward and allowed identification of middle ear structures not typically visible with an open surgical approach. Findings may serve as an anatomic reference guide for future video-assisted surgical procedures of the middle ear. A better understanding of the location of anatomic structures in the middle ear may help to prevent unnecessary damage to fragile middle ear structures, such as nerves or blood vessels, during surgical procedures.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Cadaver; Ear, Middle; Endoscopy
PubMed: 36006915
DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.05.0192 -
ORL; Journal For Oto-rhino-laryngology... 2006The human middle ear was investigated using a generalised circuit model which can simulate the spatial vibrations of the ossicular chain. The behaviour was observed for... (Review)
Review
The human middle ear was investigated using a generalised circuit model which can simulate the spatial vibrations of the ossicular chain. The behaviour was observed for acoustic excitation via the normal air conduction path and for mechanic excitation due to shaking the complete temporal bone. More insight into the functionality of the middle ear was obtained by also considering abnormal conditions such as stiffenings. It turned out that the mammalian middle ear is superior to a columella ear due to its particular design. The placement of comparably heavy bones (malleus head and incus body) outside the main transmission path between the manubrium and the stapes footplate in combination with a very flexible ossicular chain creates several favourable properties.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Biomechanical Phenomena; Bone Conduction; Ear, Middle; Humans; Vibration
PubMed: 17065824
DOI: 10.1159/000095274 -
Journal of Tissue Engineering and... Mar 2016The likelihood of recurrent retraction and adhesion of newly formed tympanic membrane is high when middle ear mucosa is extensively lost during cholesteatoma and...
The likelihood of recurrent retraction and adhesion of newly formed tympanic membrane is high when middle ear mucosa is extensively lost during cholesteatoma and adhesive otitis media surgery. If rapid postoperative regeneration of the mucosa on the exposed bone surface can be achieved, prevention of recurrent eardrum adhesion and cholesteatoma formation, for which there has been no definitive treatment, can be expected. Suture-less transplantation of tissue-engineered mucosal cell sheets was examined immediately after the operation of otitis media surgery in order to quickly regenerate middle ear mucosa lost during surgery in a rabbit model. Transplantable middle ear mucosal cell sheets with a three-dimensional tissue architecture very similar to native middle ear mucosa were fabricated from middle ear mucosal tissue fragments obtained in an autologous manner from middle ear bulla on temperature-responsive culture surfaces. Immediately after the mucosa was resected from middle ear bone bulla inner cavity, mucosal cell sheets were grafted at the resected site. Both bone hyperplasia and granulation tissue formation were inhibited and early mucosal regeneration was observed in the cell sheet-grafted group, compared with the control group in which only mucosal removal was carried out and the bone surface exposed. This result indicates that tissue engineered mucosal cell sheets would be useful to minimize complications after the surgical operation on otitis media and future clinical application is expected.
Topics: Animals; Cell Culture Techniques; Ear, Middle; Immunohistochemistry; Models, Animal; Mucous Membrane; Rabbits; Regeneration; Tissue Engineering; Transplantation, Autologous
PubMed: 23894137
DOI: 10.1002/term.1790