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PloS One 2017Insomnia among workers reduces the quality of life, contributes toward the economic burden of healthcare costs and losses in work performance. The relationship between... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Insomnia among workers reduces the quality of life, contributes toward the economic burden of healthcare costs and losses in work performance. The relationship between occupational stress and insomnia has been reported in previous studies, but there has been little attention to temperament in occupational safety and health research. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationships between temperament, occupational stress, and insomnia. The subjects were 133 Japanese daytime local government employees. Temperament was assessed using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-Auto questionnaire (TEMPS-A). Occupational stress was assessed using the Generic Job Stress Questionnaire (GJSQ). Insomnia was assessed using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted. In a stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis, it was found that the higher subdivided stress group by "role conflict" (OR = 5.29, 95% CI, 1.61-17.32) and anxious temperament score (OR = 1.33; 95% CI, 1.19-1.49) was associated with the presence of insomnia using an adjusted model, whereas other factors were excluded from the model. The study limitations were the sample size and the fact that only Japanese local government employees were surveyed. This study demonstrated the relationships between workers' anxious temperament, role conflict, and insomnia. Recognizing one's own anxious temperament would lead to self-insight, and the recognition of anxious temperament and reduction of role conflict by their supervisors or coworkers would reduce the prevalence of insomnia among workers in the workplace.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Exposure; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Stress, Psychological; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 28407025
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175346 -
The American Journal of Geriatric... Jun 2009The purposes of this study are to determine the frequency and severity of insomnia symptoms and related complaints experienced by older adults with Generalized Anxiety... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES
The purposes of this study are to determine the frequency and severity of insomnia symptoms and related complaints experienced by older adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and compare them with older adults without GAD; compare insomnia symptoms among older adults with GAD with and without comorbid depression; determine if there are age differences in insomnia severity among people with GAD; and determine if there are differences in insomnia severity between older adults with GAD and older adults diagnosed with insomnia.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional.
SETTING
Participants were recruited through primary care clinics, advertisements, and mass mailings.
PARTICIPANTS
One hundred ten older adults; 31 with GAD, 25 with GAD and depression, 33 worried well, and 21 with no psychiatric diagnosis.
MEASUREMENTS
Psychiatric diagnosis, sleep disturbance, and health.
RESULTS
Participants with GAD with and without comorbid depression reported significantly greater sleep disturbance severity than participants with no psychiatric diagnosis and the worried well. There were no differences in sleep disturbances between older adults with GAD only and older adults with comorbid GAD and depression. The severity of sleep disturbance reported by older participants with GAD was greater than reports by young and middle-aged participants with GAD, and comparable with reports by older adults with a diagnosis of insomnia.
CONCLUSIONS
Ninety percent of older adults with GAD report dissatisfaction with sleep and the majority report moderate to severe insomnia. These findings support the assessment of sleep disturbances within the context of late-life GAD.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Anxiety Disorders; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Severity of Illness Index; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 19472436
DOI: 10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181987747 -
Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung Dec 2021The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused great psychological distress often with comorbid insomnia. Insomnia is common in patients with COVID-19...
BACKGROUND
The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused great psychological distress often with comorbid insomnia. Insomnia is common in patients with COVID-19 admitted to mobile cabin hospitals. Insomnia may lead to immune dysfunction, a condition not conducive to recovery from COVID-19. The use of sedative-hypnotic drugs is limited by their inhibitory effect on the respiratory system. A paucity of research is available regarding psychotherapy interventions to improve insomnia symptoms among patients with COVID-19. In the general population, sleep problems are more common in women than in men; insomnia in women patients requires special attention. The aim of this study was to develop simplified-cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (S-CBTI) for patients with COVID-19 and comorbid insomnia symptoms and to verify its effectiveness through a self-control trial. A second aim was to compare the effectiveness of S-CBTI between acute and chronic insomnia among women with COVID-19 and comorbid insomnia symptoms in Wuhan Jianghan Cabin Hospital.
METHODS
S-CBTI consisted of education on COVID-19 and sleep hygiene, stimulus control, sleep restriction, and self-suggestion relaxation training over a period of two consecutive weeks. Of 67 women, 66 completed psychological intervention and baseline and post-intervention assessments. There were 31 women with acute insomnia and 35 with chronic insomnia. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score and self-compiled sleep data were assessed at baseline and post-intervention, and subjective sleep evaluations were assessed at days 4, 7, 12, and 14.
RESULTS
The ISI score, sleep latency, night sleep time, and sleep efficiency were statistically significantlly improved from baseline to post-intervention by paired T-test. After the intervention, the mean ISI score of the acute insomnia group was lower than that of the chronic insomnia group. The reduction of the ISI score and the improvement of sleep time from baseline to post-intervention in the acute insomnia group were greater than those in the chronic insomnia group. Utilization of sedative-hypnotic drugs in the acute insomnia group was less than that in the chronic insomnia group, and the difference was statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
S-CBTI can improve the insomnia symptoms of women with COVID-19 in mobile cabin hospitals, especially for stress-related acute insomnia.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; COVID-19; China; Chronic Disease; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Mobile Health Units; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Patient Education as Topic; Relaxation Therapy; Severity of Illness Index; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Young Adult
PubMed: 33754249
DOI: 10.1007/s11325-021-02350-y -
Sleep Medicine Jan 2015Recent work suggests a link between a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor, anxiety sensitivity (AS), and sleep disturbance. Although research has indicated that AS is... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
Recent work suggests a link between a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor, anxiety sensitivity (AS), and sleep disturbance. Although research has indicated that AS is malleable through brief interventions, no studies have yet examined whether interventions targeting AS will reduce symptoms of insomnia. Considering this gap in previous research, the current study tested the direct and indirect effects of a brief, computerized intervention targeting AS on self-reported insomnia symptoms.
METHODS
Community participants (N = 97) were randomized into either the AS intervention (consisting of psychoeducation and interoceptive exposure) or a health information control condition, and they were assessed at baseline and at 1-month follow-up.
RESULTS
Findings indicated that symptoms of insomnia were related to AS and its subfactors at baseline and follow-up. Moreover, there was an indirect effect of the treatment on insomnia symptoms through AS and its subfactors, which held after covarying for baseline symptoms of anxiety and depression.
CONCLUSIONS
These preliminary findings suggest that targeting AS may be a brief and effective way to reduce symptoms of insomnia, but it should be replicated in a clinical sample of individuals with a diagnosis of insomnia disorder.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anxiety Disorders; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Self Report; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Symptom Assessment; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 25547037
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.11.004 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Jun 2013Although insomnia is common in patients with low back pain (LBP), it is unknown whether commonly used self-report sleep measures are sufficiently accurate to screen for...
BACKGROUND
Although insomnia is common in patients with low back pain (LBP), it is unknown whether commonly used self-report sleep measures are sufficiently accurate to screen for insomnia in the LBP population. This study investigated the discriminatory properties of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (Pittsburgh questionnaire), Insomnia Severity Index (Insomnia index), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (Epworth scale) and the sleep item of the Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire (Roland item) to detect insomnia in patients with LBP by comparing their accuracy to detect insomnia to a sleep diary. The study also aimed to determine the clinical optimal cut-off scores of the questionnaires to detect insomnia in the LBP population.
METHODS
Seventy nine patients with LBP completed the four self-reported questionnaires and a sleep diary for 7 consecutive nights. The accuracy of the questionnaires was evaluated using Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves with the Area Under the Curve (AUC) used to examine each test's accuracy to discriminate participants with insomnia from those without insomnia.
RESULTS
The Pittsburgh questionnaire and Insomnia index had moderate accuracy to detect insomnia (AUC = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.68 to 0.87 and AUC = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.67 to 0.86 respectively), whereas the Epworth scale and the Roland item were not found to be accurate discriminators (AUC = 0.53, 95% CI = 0. 41 to 0.64 and AUC = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.53 to 0.75 respectively). The cut-off score of > 6 for the Pittsburgh questionnaire and the cut-off point of > 14 for the Insomnia index provided optimal sensitivity and specificity for the detection of insomnia.
CONCLUSIONS
The Pittsburgh questionnaire and Insomnia index had similar ability to screen for insomnia in patients with low back pain.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disability Evaluation; Female; Humans; Low Back Pain; Male; Middle Aged; Polysomnography; Reproducibility of Results; Severity of Illness Index; Sleep; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 23805978
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-196 -
Journal of Sleep Research Feb 2018Despite the high levels of comorbidity between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and sleep disturbance, little research has examined the predictors of insomnia and...
Despite the high levels of comorbidity between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and sleep disturbance, little research has examined the predictors of insomnia and nightmares in this population. The current study tested both PTSD-specific (i.e. PTSD symptoms, comorbid anxiety and depression, nightmares and fear of sleep) and insomnia-specific (i.e. dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, insomnia-related safety behaviours and daily stressors) predictors of sleep quality, efficiency and nightmares in a sample of 30 individuals with PTSD. Participants participated in ecological momentary assessment to determine how daily changes in PTSD- and insomnia-related factors lead to changes in sleep. Multi-level modelling analyses indicated that, after accounting for baseline PTSD symptom severity, PTSD-specific factors were associated with insomnia symptoms, but insomnia-specific factors were not. Only daytime PTSD symptoms and fear of sleep predicted nightmares. Both sleep- and PTSD-related factors play a role in maintaining insomnia among those with PTSD, while nightmares seem to be linked more closely with only PTSD-related factors.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Comorbidity; Dreams; Ecological Momentary Assessment; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Young Adult
PubMed: 28771875
DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12589 -
Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine :... May 2024Various models of insomnia stress the role of cognitive components, such as dysfunctional sleep-related beliefs, in maintenance and exacerbation of insomnia. This study...
STUDY OBJECTIVES
Various models of insomnia stress the role of cognitive components, such as dysfunctional sleep-related beliefs, in maintenance and exacerbation of insomnia. This study aimed to use network analysis to identify the particular beliefs that are central and have strong associations with insomnia severity. In addition, we aimed to use a relative importance network to map out predictive pathways between types of dysfunctional beliefs and insomnia severity.
METHODS
This study was a retrospective study, with data collected from 219 patients with insomnia. Patients' responses to the Dysfunctional Beliefs about Sleep Scale-16 (DBAS-16) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were collected. All network analyses were performed using R Studio to produce 3 networks: (1) DBAS-16 network, (2) DBAS-16 and ISI network, and (3) relative importance network containing DBAS-16 subscales and ISI.
RESULTS
Beliefs reflecting overestimation of negative consequences of sleep (eg, "insomnia is ruining life"), loss of ability (eg, "worry about losing abilities to sleep"), and unpredictability (eg, "can't predict sleep quality") were identified as most central and strongly associated with insomnia severity. Worry/helplessness about insomnia had the largest predictive value on insomnia severity, and also acted as a mediator between other subscales and insomnia severity.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of our study suggest that overestimation of negative consequences, loss of ability, and unpredictability are key beliefs that exacerbate and maintain insomnia, thus supporting existing cognitive models of insomnia.
CITATION
Cha EJ, Hong S, Kim S, Chung S, Jeon HJ. Contribution of dysfunctional sleep-related cognitions on insomnia severity: a network perspective. 2024;20(5):743-751.
Topics: Humans; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Male; Female; Retrospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Middle Aged; Cognition; Adult; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38174860
DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.11006 -
Psychiatry Research Jan 2011Insomnia has been associated with suicidality. Prisoners have an increased risk of both insomnia and suicidal behaviour. Therefore, it was decided to examine for a...
Insomnia has been associated with suicidality. Prisoners have an increased risk of both insomnia and suicidal behaviour. Therefore, it was decided to examine for a relationship between insomnia and suicidal behaviour in a large group of 1420 prisoners. Prisoners had a semi-structured psychiatric interview, which included the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Spielberg Anger Expression Inventory and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. It was found that 568 (61.2%) of the prisoners scored in the insomnia cluster of the HDRS and that 183 (12.8%) had attempted suicide. Regression analyses showed that insomnia was significantly and independently associated with a lifetime history of attempting suicide. Insomnia was also significantly related to actual suicidality. After controlling for confounders, axis 1 psychiatric disorder, childhood trauma, neuroticism, low resilience, and anger were significantly associated with insomnia in male prisoners. These data suggest the possibility of a relationship between insomnia and suicidality in prisoners. Assessing insomnia may be helpful when evaluating the risk of suicidality in prisoners.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Personality Inventory; Prisoners; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Suicide, Attempted; Young Adult
PubMed: 20510461
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.10.001 -
Sleep Sep 2011To estimate the prevalence and associations of broadly defined (i.e., meeting full ICD-10, DSM-IV, or RDC/ICSD-2 inclusion criteria) insomnia with work performance net...
STUDY OBJECTIVES
To estimate the prevalence and associations of broadly defined (i.e., meeting full ICD-10, DSM-IV, or RDC/ICSD-2 inclusion criteria) insomnia with work performance net of comorbid conditions in the America Insomnia Survey (AIS).
DESIGN/SETTING
Cross-sectional telephone survey.
PARTICIPANTS
National sample of 7,428 employed health plan subscribers (ages 18+).
INTERVENTIONS
None.
MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS
Broadly defined insomnia was assessed with the Brief Insomnia Questionnaire (BIQ). Work absenteeism and presenteeism (low on-the-job work performance defined in the metric of lost workday equivalents) were assessed with the WHO Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). Regression analysis examined associations between insomnia and HPQ scores controlling 26 comorbid conditions based on self-report and medical/pharmacy claims records. The estimated prevalence of insomnia was 23.2%. Insomnia was significantly associated with lost work performance due to presenteeism (χ² (1) = 39.5, P < 0.001) but not absenteeism (χ² (1) = 3.2, P = 0.07), with an annualized individual-level association of insomnia with presenteeism equivalent to 11.3 days of lost work performance. This estimate decreased to 7.8 days when controls were introduced for comorbid conditions. The individual-level human capital value of this net estimate was $2,280. If we provisionally assume these estimates generalize to the total US workforce, they are equivalent to annualized population-level estimates of 252.7 days and $63.2 billion.
CONCLUSIONS
Insomnia is associated with substantial workplace costs. Although experimental studies suggest some of these costs could be recovered with insomnia disease management programs, effectiveness trials are needed to obtain precise estimates of return-on-investment of such interventions from the employer perspective.
Topics: Absenteeism; Adult; Cost of Illness; Cross-Sectional Studies; Employee Performance Appraisal; Employment; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 21886353
DOI: 10.5665/SLEEP.1230 -
Behavioral Sleep Medicine 2019The aim of the study was to understand the relationship between affective temperaments and insomnia symptoms and to examine mood state as a mediator in this relationship.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to understand the relationship between affective temperaments and insomnia symptoms and to examine mood state as a mediator in this relationship.
PARTICIPANTS
The sample consisted of 659 adults (428 women and 231 men), aged 18-77 years old, derived from a nonclinical population.
METHODS
Affective temperaments were assessed using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A). Mood was measured using the UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL). Insomnia was evaluated by the Athens Insomnia Scale.
RESULTS
We found positive correlations among anxious, cyclothymic, depressive, and irritable affective temperaments and insomnia symptoms. Negative correlation with insomnia symptoms was found for hyperthymic temperament. Energetic arousal and tense arousal, as mood dimensions, positively correlated with insomnia symptoms. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that anxious, cyclothymic, and hyperthymic temperaments were significant predictors of insomnia symptoms. Mediation analyses indicated that anxious, cyclothymic, and hyperthymic temperaments affected insomnia symptoms, both directly and indirectly, through energetic arousal as a mediator.
CONCLUSIONS
The results showed a relationship between affective temperaments and insomnia symptoms and included the role of energetic arousal, a mood state dimension, as a mediator.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Personality Inventory; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Temperament; Young Adult
PubMed: 28745523
DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2017.1357121