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Sleep Health Aug 2018Type D personality is characterized by the combination of social inhibition and negative affectivity. This study examined the relationship between Type D personality and...
OBJECTIVES
Type D personality is characterized by the combination of social inhibition and negative affectivity. This study examined the relationship between Type D personality and insomnia symptoms amongst a sample of the general-population.
METHODS
Adults from the general-population (n = 392) completed online measures of Type D personality (DS14) and insomnia severity.
RESULTS
Individuals with the Type D personality trait reported significantly greater symptoms of insomnia relative to Non-Type Ds. Moreover, insomnia-symptoms were independently related to negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI) and the Type D interaction (i.e. synergistic product of SI and NA). Linear regression analysis determined that NA but not SI significantly predicted insomnia symptoms after controlling for age and sex. However, after accounting for the Type D interaction, negative affectivity remained the only significant predictor of insomnia-symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
The Type D personality type appears to be related to insomnia-symptoms, both as a categorical and dimensional construct. These outcomes support prior research evidencing that whilst Type D personality is related to poor sleep in adolescents, NA appears to be the main contributor.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Type D Personality; Young Adult
PubMed: 30031529
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2018.04.005 -
Clinical Cornerstone 2004Insomnia affects up to 50% of patients with cancer, but has received little attention from the oncology community compared with other symptoms such as pain and fatigue.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Insomnia affects up to 50% of patients with cancer, but has received little attention from the oncology community compared with other symptoms such as pain and fatigue. Insomnia and subsequent sleep disturbances can lead to fatigue, mood disturbances, and contribute to immunosuppression, which can have a profound impact on quality of life and perhaps affect the course of disease. Insomnia in cancer patients must be distinguished from cancer-related fatigue. Although they are 2 distinct conditions, insomnia and fatigue are interrelated. Insomnia often leads to daytime fatigue that interferes with normal functioning. Conversely, daytime fatigue can lead to behaviors such as napping, which result in insomnia. The primary goal of insomnia treatment should first be to relieve any underlying disorder (eg, cancer pain, depression, anxiety) that may be causing the sleep disturbance. Because insomnia in this patient population may be due to a variety of causes, treatment must be multimodal and include both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies. A plan that combines attention to sleep hygiene and cognitive-behavioral therapy with prescription of hypnotic medications can help relieve the symptoms of insomnia in cancer patients and improve their quality of life.
Topics: Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Behavior Therapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Comorbidity; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Prevalence; Prognosis; Quality of Life; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Distribution; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
PubMed: 15675652
DOI: 10.1016/s1098-3597(05)80002-x -
L'union Medicale Du Canada 1993
Topics: Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hygiene; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Middle Aged; Patient Care Planning; Risk Factors; Self Care; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
PubMed: 8493742
DOI: No ID Found -
The New England Journal of Medicine Aug 2005
Review
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Benzodiazepines; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Female; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Middle Aged; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
PubMed: 16120860
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcp043762 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Oct 2015Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is effective for treatment of primary insomnia. There has been no synthesis of studies quantifying this effect on... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is effective for treatment of primary insomnia. There has been no synthesis of studies quantifying this effect on insomnia comorbid with medical and psychiatric disorders using rigorous selection criteria. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of CBT-I in studies including patients with medical or psychiatric disorders. Studies were identified from 1985 through February 2014 using multiple databases and bibliography searches. Inclusion was limited to randomized controlled trials of CBT-I in adult patients with insomnia diagnosed using standardized criteria, who additionally had a comorbid medical or psychiatric condition. Twenty-three studies including 1379 patients met inclusion criteria. Based on weighted mean differences, CBT-I improved subjective sleep quality post-treatment, with large treatment effects for the insomnia severity index and Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Sleep diaries showed a 20 min reduction in sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset, 17 min improvement in total sleep time, and 9% improvement in sleep efficiency post-treatment, similar to findings of meta-analyses of CBT-I in older adults. Treatment effects were durable up to 18 mo. Results of actigraphy were similar to but of smaller magnitude than subjective measures. CBT-I is an effective, durable treatment for comorbid insomnia.
Topics: Adult; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Comorbidity; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25645130
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.11.007 -
BMJ Open Apr 2020To compare the prevalence of different insomnia subtypes among middle-aged adults from Europe and Australia and to explore the cross-sectional relationship between...
OBJECTIVES
To compare the prevalence of different insomnia subtypes among middle-aged adults from Europe and Australia and to explore the cross-sectional relationship between insomnia subtypes, respiratory symptoms and lung function.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional population-based, multicentre cohort study.
SETTING
23 centres in 10 European countries and Australia.
METHODS
We included 5800 participants in the third follow-up of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey III (ECRHS III) who answered three questions on insomnia symptoms: difficulties falling asleep (initial insomnia), waking up often during the night (middle insomnia) and waking up early in the morning and not being able to fall back asleep (late insomnia). They also answered questions on smoking, general health and chronic diseases and had the following lung function measurements: forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV), forced vital capacity (FVC) and the FEV/FVC ratio. Changes in lung function since ECRHS I about 20 years earlier were also analysed.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Prevalence of insomnia subtypes and relationship to respiratory symptoms and function.
RESULTS
Overall, middle insomnia (31.2%) was the most common subtype followed by late insomnia (14.2%) and initial insomnia (11.2%). The highest reported prevalence of middle insomnia was found in Iceland (37.2%) and the lowest in Australia (22.7%), while the prevalence of initial and late insomnia was highest in Spain (16.0% and 19.7%, respectively) and lowest in Denmark (4.6% and 9.2%, respectively). All subtypes of insomnia were associated with significantly higher reported prevalence of respiratory symptoms. Only isolated initial insomnia was associated with lower FEV, whereas no association was found between insomnia and low FEV/FVC ratio or decline in lung function.
CONCLUSION
There is considerable geographical variation in the prevalence of insomnia symptoms. Middle insomnia is most common especially in Iceland. Initial and late insomnia are most common in Spain. All insomnia subtypes are associated with respiratory symptoms, and initial insomnia is also associated with lower FEV.
Topics: Australia; Cough; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dyspnea; Europe; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Health Status; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Respiratory Sounds; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Smoking; Symptom Assessment; Time Factors; Vital Capacity
PubMed: 32350008
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032511 -
Behavioral Sleep Medicine 2006Cognitive therapy has been shown effective in the treatment of several psychological and health-related disorders. It is also increasingly used in the management of... (Review)
Review
Cognitive therapy has been shown effective in the treatment of several psychological and health-related disorders. It is also increasingly used in the management of insomnia. This article outlines some principles and applications of this therapeutic approach as adapted to the treatment of insomnia. Based on Beck's model, this psychotherapeutic approach seeks to modify sleep-related dysfunctional beliefs and thoughts and maladaptive cognitive processes involved in the exacerbation and perpetuation of insomnia. This is accomplished through the use of several cognitive restructuring procedures. After outlining a conceptual model of insomnia, which emphasizes the mediating role of dysfunctional cognitions in the development and maintenance of chronic insomnia, the rationale and general principles of cognitive therapy for insomnia are presented, followed by a description of the treatment procedures, clinical case illustrations, and practical implementation issues. Future directions include the need to refine cognitive interventions and to examine the unique contribution of this therapeutic component to the overall efficacy of multifaceted cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
PubMed: 16879081
DOI: 10.1207/s15402010bsm0403_4 -
The American Journal of Hospice &... Jun 2014Insomnia is underrecognized in patients with cancer. By identifying clinical correlations and predisposing factors of insomnia, interventions may be initiated to treat...
INTRODUCTION
Insomnia is underrecognized in patients with cancer. By identifying clinical correlations and predisposing factors of insomnia, interventions may be initiated to treat insomnia.
METHODS
Consecutive patients referred to palliative medicine services were screened with a single question. Patients answering affirmatively completed the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Patients were screened for depression, fatigue, and pain. Spearman correlation was performed for associations.
RESULTS
Of 715 consecutive patients, 102 had sleep problems and 64 had clinical insomnia by the ISI criteria. Insomnia correlated with depression (r = .32), pain (r = .29), and tiredness (r = .40) but not with age or precipitating factors.
DISCUSSION
Insomnia severity moderately correlates with depression, pain, and tiredness. We found no association of insomnia severity with age or medications.
CONCLUSION
Insomnia, pain, depression, and tiredness are a symptom cluster.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Depression; Fatigue; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Pain; Severity of Illness Index; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
PubMed: 23616275
DOI: 10.1177/1049909113485804 -
The American Journal of Managed Care Feb 2009Changing sleep architecture in the elderly may increase their vulnerability to comorbid insomnia. Common comorbid conditions include chronic pain, depression, nocturia,... (Review)
Review
Changing sleep architecture in the elderly may increase their vulnerability to comorbid insomnia. Common comorbid conditions include chronic pain, depression, nocturia, and neurologic conditions such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Diagnosing and treating comorbid insomnia in an older population poses special challenges for clinicians given the variety of coexisting medical and psychological conditions, polypharmacy, and the potential adverse effects of the most commonly used medications for insomnia in this population. Thus, the use of nonpharmacologic treatments, such as cognitive behavior therapy and relaxation techniques, is recommended before any medical approaches.
Topics: Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Comorbidity; Humans; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Risk Factors; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
PubMed: 19298102
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of Managed Care Nov 2007Insomnia affects a large percentage of the population, particularly the elderly. Literature reports varying estimates of prevalence, a variation that relates to the lack... (Review)
Review
Insomnia affects a large percentage of the population, particularly the elderly. Literature reports varying estimates of prevalence, a variation that relates to the lack of definition and consistency in diagnostic criteria. Primary insomnia (not caused by known physical/mental conditions) responds to pharmacologic therapy, while secondary insomnia(resulting from other illnesses, medications, or sleep disorders) responds to pharmacologic and psychologic treatments (cognitive therapy, relaxation techniques, stimulus control). Use of certain agents in the elderly and patients with abuse/addiction potential is a concern. Medicare Part D does not cover benzodiazepines (classified as controlled substances). Nonprescription agents are affordable but have sedation and anticholinergic side effects. Medication use should be considered a possible contributing factor. Insomnia patients experience significantly more limited activity and higher total health services than those without insomnia. Annual costs are between $92.5 billion and $107.5 billion. A standard definition and better pathways to recognize and treat insomnia are needed.
Topics: Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Benzodiazepines; Comorbidity; Cost of Illness; Female; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Managed Care Programs; Middle Aged; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prevalence; Receptors, Melatonin; Sex Distribution; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; United States
PubMed: 18041870
DOI: No ID Found