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International Journal of Women's... Jun 2020Milia are superficial keratinous cysts seen as pearly white, dome-shaped lesions 1-2 mm in diameter. Milia are associated with diseases that cause subepidermal... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Milia are superficial keratinous cysts seen as pearly white, dome-shaped lesions 1-2 mm in diameter. Milia are associated with diseases that cause subepidermal blistering, such as hereditary forms of epidermolysis bullosa, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, bullous pemphigoid, bullous lichen planus, and porphyria cutanea tarda. Multiple eruptive milia are rare and more extensive in number than primary milia.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to search the literature for cases of blistering diseases with multiple milia formation, especially in areas of the skin where there was no evidence of blistering or trauma, and review the interpretations of their pathogenesis.
METHODS
We performed a literature search with the terms multiple milia and bullous diseases, pemphigoid, and pemphigus.
RESULTS
Very few studies have investigated the origin of milia. Primary milia are thought to originate from the sebaceous collar of vellus hairs, and secondary milia are believed to derive from eccrine ducts more commonly than from overlying epidermis, hair follicles, or sebaceous ducts. Milia secondary to blisters or trauma are speculated to be produced through the regeneration process of disrupted sweat glands or hair follicles. Immunological predisposition, aberrant interaction between the hemidesmosomes, and the extracellular matrix components beneath the hemidesmosomes have been described with regard to the formation of numerous milia during recovery. Multiple milia could be a primary manifestation of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa in skin areas without evidence of blistering.
CONCLUSION
The exact etiology of multiple milia remains unknown. Immunological predisposition and improper interaction between hemidesmosomes and extracellular matrix components are speculated to play a role in the formation of milia during recovery of bullous lesions in blistering diseases. Still, further studies on the triggering mechanisms of keratinocyte dysfunction in cases of multiple milia formation without evidence of prior blistering are needed.
PubMed: 32637544
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.03.045 -
Maedica Dec 2021Milia en plaque is an uncommon benign dermatosis. We present a case of a 43-year-old Caucasian man with a five-month history of asymptomatic symmetric lesions on the...
Milia en plaque is an uncommon benign dermatosis. We present a case of a 43-year-old Caucasian man with a five-month history of asymptomatic symmetric lesions on the earlobes that has been previously treated by self-medication with potent topical steroids, emollients, cosmetic procedures, herbal medication and punch-procedure. Based on clinical examination, a diagnosis of milia on earlobes was established and treated with topical steroids. Milia en plaque of the earlobes has yet not been reported. Treatment is not different from other localizations.
PubMed: 35261683
DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2020.16.4.747 -
Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983) Dec 2019
Topics: Child, Preschool; Dermoscopy; Female; Forearm; Humans; Keratins; Keratosis; Rare Diseases
PubMed: 31753450
DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2019.09.001 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2010Milia en plaque is a rare type of primary milia. Issues related to esthetics and differential diagnoses represent a concern to patients and a challenge for physicians.... (Review)
Review
Milia en plaque is a rare type of primary milia. Issues related to esthetics and differential diagnoses represent a concern to patients and a challenge for physicians. In this paper, a case of milia en plaque is reported and a review of the literature is described.
Topics: Adult; Ear Auricle; Epidermal Cyst; Humans; Male; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 21308317
DOI: 10.1590/s0365-05962010000600019 -
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology May 1999Milia plaque is an unusual and rare variant of milia. We now report a Chinese man with numerous milia within an erythematous plaque of the upper and lower eyelids;... (Review)
Review
Milia plaque is an unusual and rare variant of milia. We now report a Chinese man with numerous milia within an erythematous plaque of the upper and lower eyelids; histology confirmed the diagnosis and showed pericystic inflammation. All but one of the previous 10 reported cases affected the ear or adjacent sites, and to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of milia en plaque affecting the eyelids.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biopsy; Doxycycline; Erythema; Eyelid Diseases; Humans; Keratolytic Agents; Male; Skin Diseases; Treatment Outcome; Tretinoin
PubMed: 10354175
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2230.1999.00449.x -
Cutis May 2022
Topics: Epidermal Cyst; Humans; Surgical Instruments
PubMed: 35856767
DOI: 10.12788/cutis.0535 -
Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and... Feb 2024
PubMed: 38362906
DOI: 10.1177/12034754241227801 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Jan 2000Milia en plaque is a rarely reported entity which is usually appearing in the auricular region. We describe a well-defined, U-shaped milia en plaque arising in the... (Review)
Review
Milia en plaque is a rarely reported entity which is usually appearing in the auricular region. We describe a well-defined, U-shaped milia en plaque arising in the infraorbital area, and emphasize that it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of xanthalesma.
Topics: Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous
PubMed: 10877251
DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-3083.2000.00002.x -
Journal of the American Academy of... Dec 2008Milia are frequently encountered as a primary or secondary patient concern in pediatric and adult clinics, and in general or surgical dermatology practice. Nevertheless,... (Review)
Review
Milia are frequently encountered as a primary or secondary patient concern in pediatric and adult clinics, and in general or surgical dermatology practice. Nevertheless, there are few studies on the origin of milia and, to our knowledge, there is no previous comprehensive review of the subject. We review the various forms of milia, highlighting rare variants including genodermatosis-associated milia, and present an updated classification.
Topics: Adult; Child; Epidermal Cyst; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Orofaciodigital Syndromes; Pachyonychia Congenita; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 18819726
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.07.034