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The Journal of Pediatrics Jun 2016Breast milk confers many benefits to the newborn and developing infant. There is substantial support for better long-term outcomes, such as less obesity, diabetes, and... (Review)
Review
Breast milk confers many benefits to the newborn and developing infant. There is substantial support for better long-term outcomes, such as less obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, in breastfed compared with formula-fed infants. More short-term outcomes, such as incidence and duration of illness, nutrient status, and cognitive development during the first year of life also demonstrate benefits of breastfeeding. Several proteins in breast milk, including lactoferrin, α-lactalbumin, milk fat globule membrane proteins, and osteopontin, have been shown to have bioactivities that range from involvement in the protection against infection to the acquisition of nutrients from breast milk. In some cases, bovine counterparts of these proteins exert similar bioactivities. It is possible by dairy technology to add protein fractions highly enriched in these proteins to infant formula.
Topics: Health Promotion; Health Status; Humans; Infant; Infant Formula; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Milk Proteins; Milk, Human
PubMed: 27234410
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.02.070 -
Clinical and Experimental Allergy :... Mar 2015There is conflicting evidence on the protective role of breastfeeding in relation to allergic sensitization and disease. The factors in breast milk which influence these... (Review)
Review
There is conflicting evidence on the protective role of breastfeeding in relation to allergic sensitization and disease. The factors in breast milk which influence these processes are still unclear and under investigation. We know that colostrum and breast milk contain a variety of molecules which can influence immune responses in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue of a neonate. This review summarizes the evidence that variations in colostrum and breast milk composition can influence allergic outcomes in the infant, and the evidence that maternal and environmental factors can modify milk composition. Taken together, the data presented support the possibility that maternal dietary interventions may be an effective way to promote infant health through modification of breast milk composition.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Colostrum; Environment; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunity; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Milk, Human; Phenotype; Risk
PubMed: 25077553
DOI: 10.1111/cea.12381 -
Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and... 1990Controversy exists regarding feeding the preterm infant. Milk banks serve as one source of human milk for preterm infants. Milk banks are discussed in terms of the... (Review)
Review
Controversy exists regarding feeding the preterm infant. Milk banks serve as one source of human milk for preterm infants. Milk banks are discussed in terms of the benefits of human milk, the potential hazards, and ways that milk banks are attempting to avoid those hazards. This article focuses on the feeding needs of preterm and sick infants. A brief history of artificial feeding and milk banks is presented.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Milk, Human
PubMed: 2193127
DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.1990.tb01639.x -
Early Human Development Mar 2014Human milk (HM) is known as the best nutrition for newborns and support the optimal growth of infants, providing essential substances, nutrients, bioactive and... (Review)
Review
Human milk (HM) is known as the best nutrition for newborns and support the optimal growth of infants, providing essential substances, nutrients, bioactive and immunologic constituents. HM also grants a favorable microbial colonization with attendant priming/maturation of the gut. The bioactive and immunologic elements of HM demonstrated to protect offspring against infection and inflammation and contribute to immune maturation. Some of these elements are being investigated in order to be used to ameliorate formula milk. A formula milk similar to breast milk may help neonatal gut to build a microbiota near to the one of the breast fed infants, improving the neonate's protection against pathogens. The aim of this review is to summarize the most significant bioactive constituents of HM that own natural anti-infectious properties and contribute to neonatal immune defense.
Topics: Communicable Disease Control; Enteral Nutrition; Humans; Infant Formula; Infant, Newborn; Milk, Human
PubMed: 24709462
DOI: 10.1016/S0378-3782(14)70019-2 -
Archives of Pharmacal Research Apr 2024Sialyllactoses (SLs) primarily include sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMOs). First, the safety assessment of... (Review)
Review
Sialyllactoses (SLs) primarily include sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMOs). First, the safety assessment of 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL) and 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL) revealed low toxicity in various animal models and human participants. SLs constitute a unique milk component, highlighting the essential nutrients and bioactive components crucial for infant development, along with numerous associated health benefits for various diseases. This review explores the safety, biosynthesis, and potential biological effects of SLs, with a specific focus on their influence across various physiological systems, including the gastrointestinal system, immune disorders, rare genetic disorders (such as GNE myopathy), cancers, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diverse cancers, and viral infections, thus indicating their therapeutic potential.
Topics: Humans; Oligosaccharides; Animals; Milk; Milk, Human; Cattle; Lactose
PubMed: 38561494
DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01492-3 -
Pediatric Clinics of North America Feb 2001This article reviews the bioactive components of human milk. Special emphasis is given to immune and nonimmune protective function of major and minor nutrients in human... (Review)
Review
This article reviews the bioactive components of human milk. Special emphasis is given to immune and nonimmune protective function of major and minor nutrients in human milk. Immune modulating components, such as cytokines, nucleotides, hormones, and growth factors, are discussed. Milk enzymes with digestive function in the newborn are reviewed.
Topics: Humans; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Lactoferrin; Lipids; Milk, Human; Prolactin
PubMed: 11236734
DOI: 10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70286-8 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Dec 1972
Review
Topics: Antibodies, Bacterial; Breast Feeding; Colostrum; Digestive System; Escherichia coli; Humans; Immunity; Immunoglobulin A; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infections; Lymphocytes; Milk Proteins; Milk, Human; Muramidase
PubMed: 4567072
DOI: 10.1136/adc.47.256.845 -
Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica.... 1982A simple system for the collection and storage of human milk, as a voluntary community activity, is described. The case is made for preferring drip breast milk as the...
A simple system for the collection and storage of human milk, as a voluntary community activity, is described. The case is made for preferring drip breast milk as the main source of human milk for the milk bank. The central place of precise pasteurization is emphasised as the essential feature for maintaining bacteriological quality control and simplicity of organisation. The suitability of donor breast milk for the nutrition of the low birthweight infant is discussed and evidence presented to indicate that low birthweight infants fed exclusively on donated human milk are of similar size to control term infants when assessed at 18 months corrected postnatal age. Emphasis is placed on the importance of controlled trials in relation to all innovations in feeding of low birthweight infants.
Topics: Freezing; Humans; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Lipids; Milk, Human; Nutritive Value; Quality Control; Tissue Banks; Tissue Donors
PubMed: 6963543
DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1982.tb09627.x -
Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop... 2019The link between food and health is complex, particularly for the developing neonate, as the period after birth is the time when long-term programming is occurring...
The link between food and health is complex, particularly for the developing neonate, as the period after birth is the time when long-term programming is occurring notably in the neurologic, immune, and metabolic regulatory systems. Breastfeeding is known to have short- and long-term benefits, and yet the intricate relationship of this unique food with the neonate is not fully understood. Application of multi-omic approaches incorporating new bioinformatic tools will allow for better characterization of phenotypes over the traditional approaches that were limited to crude assessment of growth parameters and observation of clinical disease. Metabolomics has the capability of allowing for a relatively noninvasive assessment of phenotypes via the assessment of small molecules in biofluids such as serum or urine that provides an opportunity to assess metabolism systemically in the developing neonate. Metabolomics can also be used to assess the metabolic activities of gut microbes through measurement of microbial by-products in the stool. Understanding the composition of human milk, how its components work synergistically together, and how they change over time will provide insight into how immunity and metabolism is established in early life, and how it can potentially prevent the development of chronic diseases in later life.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Child Development; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Infant Formula; Infant Health; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Metabolomics; Milk, Human; Nutritive Value
PubMed: 30865986
DOI: 10.1159/000490305 -
Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion Dec 2001Breast-feeding is the optimal mode of feeding for the normal full-term infant. Human milk composition knowledge has been basis for recommended dietary allowances for... (Review)
Review
Breast-feeding is the optimal mode of feeding for the normal full-term infant. Human milk composition knowledge has been basis for recommended dietary allowances for infants. Few studies about human milk carbohydrates have been done until the last decade. However, carbohydrates provide approximately 40-50% of the total energy content of breast milk. Quantitatively oligosaccharides are the third largest solute in human milk after lactose and fat. Each individual oligosaccharide is based on a variable combination of glucose, galactose, sialic acid, fucose and N-acetylglucosamine with many and varied linkages between them, thus accounting for the enormous number of different oligosaccharides in human milk. The oligosaccharides content in human milk varies with the duration of lactation, diurnally and with the genetic makeup of the mother. At present, a great interest in the roles of human milk oligosaccharides is raising. They act as a the soluble fibre in breast milk and their structure is available to act as competitive ligands protecting the breast-fed infant from pathogens and act as well as prebiotic. They may also act as source of sialic acid and galactose, essential for brain development. This is why today there is an increasing health and industrial interest in human milk oligosaccharides content, with the main purpose of incorporating them as new ingredients in infant nutrition.
Topics: Animals; Breast Feeding; Child Development; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Milk; Milk, Human; Oligosaccharides
PubMed: 12012557
DOI: No ID Found