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Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority... Apr 2019Using item response theory, we sought to evaluate measurement invariance of language brokering extent and attitudes in 3 linguistic minority groups of adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
Using item response theory, we sought to evaluate measurement invariance of language brokering extent and attitudes in 3 linguistic minority groups of adolescents.
METHOD
The sample included 765 (302 Chinese American, 327 Korean American, and 136 Mexican American; 57% females) ninth graders from immigrant families.
RESULTS
Differential item functioning was detected for several items, and we retained items with equivalent parameters across 3 groups. The final items showed adequate internal consistency reliability and criterion validity.
CONCLUSION
The refined scale is cross-ethnically invariant and appropriate for use with Chinese-American, Korean-American, and Mexican-American adolescents to compare their language brokering experiences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Asian; Emigrants and Immigrants; Female; Humans; Language; Linguistics; Male; Mexican Americans; Minority Groups; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires; Translating
PubMed: 30307261
DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000224 -
BMC Public Health Nov 2007Studies suggest that the rates of self harm vary by ethnic group, but the evidence for variation in risk factors has not been synthesised to inform preventive... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Studies suggest that the rates of self harm vary by ethnic group, but the evidence for variation in risk factors has not been synthesised to inform preventive initiatives.
METHODS
We undertook a systematic literature review of research about self harm that compared at least two ethnic groups in the United Kingdom.
RESULTS
25 publications from 1765 titles and abstracts met our inclusion criteria. There was higher rate of self harm among South Asian women, compared with South Asian men and White women. In a pooled estimate from two studies, compared to their white counterparts, Asian women were more likely to self harm (Relative Risk 1.4, 95%CI: 1.1 to 1.8, p = 0.005), and Asian men were less likely to self harm (RR 0.5, 95% CI: 0.4 to 0.7, p < 0.001). Some studies concluded that South Asian adults self-harm impulsively in response to life events rather than in association with a psychiatric illness. Studies of adolescents showed similar methods of self harm and interpersonal disputes with parents and friends across ethnic groups. There were few studies of people of Caribbean, African and other minority ethnic groups, few studies took a population based and prospective design and few investigated self harm among prisoners, asylum seekers and refugees.
CONCLUSION
This review finds some ethnic differences in the nature and presentation of self harm. This argues for ethnic specific preventive actions. However, the literature does not comprehensively cover the UK's diverse ethnic groups.
Topics: Asian People; Black People; Humans; Life Change Events; Minority Groups; Risk Factors; Self-Injurious Behavior; Substance-Related Disorders; Suicide, Attempted; United Kingdom; White People
PubMed: 18021438
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-7-336 -
Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.... 1990The "hard-to-reach" label has been applied to many different audiences. Persons who have a low socioeconomic status (SES), members of ethnic minorities, and persons who...
The "hard-to-reach" label has been applied to many different audiences. Persons who have a low socioeconomic status (SES), members of ethnic minorities, and persons who have a low level of literacy often are tagged as "hard-to-reach." The authors identify reasons why these groups have been labelled "hard-to-reach," discuss preconceptions associated with the "hard-to-reach" label, propose alternative conceptualizations of these audiences, and present implications of such conceptualizations for health communication campaigns. Pejorative labels and preconceptions about various groups may lead to depicting these audiences as powerless, apathetic, and isolated. The authors discuss alternative conceptualizations, which highlight the strengths of different audience segments and encourage innovative approaches to the communication process. These alternative conceptualizations emphasize interactive communication, a view of society in which individuals are seen as members of equivalent--albeit different--cultures, and a shift of responsibility for health problems from individuals to social systems. Recommendations for incorporating these alternative concepts into health campaigns include formative research techniques that create a dialogue among participants, more sophisticated segmentation techniques to capture audience diversity, and new roles for mass media that are more interactive and responsive to individual needs.
Topics: Black or African American; Communication; Communication Barriers; Cultural Deprivation; Educational Status; Health Promotion; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Minority Groups; Poverty; United States
PubMed: 2113680
DOI: No ID Found -
Health Technology Assessment... Oct 2004To investigate how South Asian patients conceptualise the notion of clinical trials and to identify key processes that impact on trial participation and the extent to... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To investigate how South Asian patients conceptualise the notion of clinical trials and to identify key processes that impact on trial participation and the extent to which communication difficulties, perceptions of risk and attitudes to authority influence these decisions. Also to identify whether 'South Asian' patients are homogeneous in these issues, and which factors differ between different South Asian subgroups and finally how professionals regard the involvement of South Asian patients and their views on strategies to increase participation.
DATA SOURCES
A review of the literature on minority ethnic participation in clinical trials was followed by three qualitative interview studies. Interviews were taped and transcribed (and translated if required) and subjected to framework analysis. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 25 health professionals; 60 South Asian lay people who had not taken part in a trial and 15 South Asian trial participants.
RESULTS
Motivations for trial participation were identified as follows: to help society, to improve own health or that of family and friends, out of obligation to the doctor and to increase scientific knowledge. Deterrents were concerns about drug side-effects, busy lifestyles, language, previous bad experiences, mistrust and feelings of not belonging to British society. There was no evidence of antipathy amongst South Asians to the concept of clinical trials and, overall, the younger respondents were more knowledgeable than the older ones. Problems are more likely to be associated with service delivery. Lack of being approached was a common response. Lay-reported factors that might affect South Asian participation in clinical trials include age, language, social class, feeling of not belonging/mistrust, culture and religion. Awareness of clinical trials varied between each group. There are more similarities than differences in attitudes towards clinical trial participation between the South Asian and the general population. Important decisions, such as participation in clinical trials, are likely to be made by those family members who are fluent in English and younger. Social class appears to be more important than ethnicity, and older South Asian people and those from working class backgrounds appear to be more mistrustful. Approachable patients (of the same gender, social class and fluent in English) tend to be 'cherry picked' to clinical trials. This practice was justified because of a lack of time and resources and inadequate support. South Asian patients might be systematically excluded from trials owing to the increased cost and time associated with their inclusion, particularly in relation to the language barrier. Under-representation might also be due to passive exclusion associated with cultural stereotypes. Other characteristics such as gender, age, educational level and social class can also affect trial inclusion.
CONCLUSIONS
Effective strategies for South Asian recruitment to clinical trials include: using multi-recruitment strategies; defining the demographic and social profiles of the population to be included; using focus groups to identify any potential barriers; consulting representative community members to provide assistance in the study; ensuring eligibility criteria are set as wide as possible; developing educational and recruitment approaches to attract ethnic minority health professionals; ensuring health professionals are adequately trained in culturally and ethnically orientated service provision; determining the most effective mass media to use in study promotion and recruitment; and targeting inner-city, single-handed practices likely to have high ethnic minority populations. Future research should consider: responses when invited to participate; the role of methodological and organisational barriers to recruitment; the complexities of recruitment from a health professional perspective; developing culturally sensitive research methods; the magnitude of the problem of under-recruitment; strategies to encourage inner-city, single-handed GP participation; and other factors affecting trial inclusion, such as age, gender, educational level and socio-cultural background.
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Bangladesh; Clinical Competence; Clinical Trials as Topic; Communication Barriers; Emigration and Immigration; Focus Groups; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; India; Minority Groups; Motivation; Needs Assessment; Pakistan; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Patient Selection; Prejudice; Qualitative Research; Research Design; Socioeconomic Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Trust; United Kingdom
PubMed: 15488164
DOI: 10.3310/hta8420 -
Academic Medicine : Journal of the... Oct 2006Minority populations in the United States are growing rapidly, but physician workforce diversity has not kept pace with the needs of underserved communities. Minorities... (Review)
Review
Minority populations in the United States are growing rapidly, but physician workforce diversity has not kept pace with the needs of underserved communities. Minorities comprised 26.4% of the population in 1995; by 2050, these groups will comprise nearly half. Medical schools must enlist greater numbers of minority physicians and train all physicians to provide culturally responsive care. The University of Washington School of Medicine (UWSOM) is the nation's only medical school that serves a five-state region (Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho). Its mission addresses the need to serve the region, rectify primary care shortages, and meet increasing regional demands for underserved populations. The UWSOM Native American Center of Excellence (NACOE) was established as one important way to respond to this charge. The authors describe pipeline and minority recruitment programs at UWSOM, focusing on the NACOE and other activities to recruit American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN) applicants to medical schools. These programs have increased the numbers of AI/AN medical students; developed the Indian Health Pathway; worked to prepare students to provide culturally responsive care for AI/AN communities; researched health disparities specific to AI/AN populations; provided retention programs and services to ensure successful completion of medical training; developed mentorship networks; and provided faculty-development programs to increase entry of AI/AN physicians into academia. Challenges lie ahead. Barriers to the pipeline will continue to plague students, and inadequate federal funding will have a significant and negative impact on achieving needed physician-workforce diversity. Medical schools must play a larger role in resolving these, and continue to provide pipeline programs, retention programs, and minority faculty development that can make a difference.
Topics: Alaska; Education, Medical; Humans; Indians, North American; Inuit; Minority Groups; Physicians; Program Evaluation; Universities; Washington
PubMed: 16985341
DOI: 10.1097/01.ACM.0000238047.48977.05 -
Translational Behavioral Medicine Nov 2021Achieving health equity among disparity populations has been a national, regional, and local priority for several years. Health promotion and disease prevention...
Achieving health equity among disparity populations has been a national, regional, and local priority for several years. Health promotion and disease prevention behaviors play an important role in achieving health equity; the first generation of behavioral science studies in minority health and health disparities have provided important insights about the nature and distribution of risk exposure behaviors in disparity populations. Interventions have also been developed to enhance health promotion and disease prevention behaviors using behavioral counseling, tailored health communications, and interventions that are developed collaboratively with community stakeholders. Although intervention development and evaluation are components of transdisciplinary translational behavior research, discovery science is a critical first step in translational research. Consistent with this, conceptual models and frameworks of minority health and health disparities have evolved to include multilevel determinants that include basic behavioral mechanisms such as stress responses and stress reactivity that have physiological, psychological, and behavioral components that are relevant to minority health and health disparities. This report describes priorities, opportunities, and barriers to conducting transdisciplinary translational behavioral research during the next generation of minority health and health disparities research.
Topics: Behavioral Sciences; Health Equity; Healthcare Disparities; Humans; Minority Groups; Minority Health; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 34850925
DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibab143 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2021It is estimated that between 36,000 and 360,000 people are affected by suicide every year in the UK, and a proportion may develop depression and post-traumatic stress...
It is estimated that between 36,000 and 360,000 people are affected by suicide every year in the UK, and a proportion may develop depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, or engage in high-risk behaviours. Recent systematic analyses have revealed a clear gap in research on suicide bereavement in minority ethnic groups. This study aimed to understand the experiences and support needs of individuals from ethnic minority backgrounds bereaved by suicide and was the first in the UK to investigate this matter. The study was a secondary analysis of data. Participants were 7158 people residing in the UK who completed an online survey about their experiences of suicide. Free-text qualitative responses of 227 participants who did not identify as White British were analysed using thematic analysis. Four themes were identified: maladaptive coping strategies, emotional processes following suicide, lack of support from agencies, and the importance of mental health awareness. Ethnic minority groups reported a lack of support despite attempts to engage with services, noted the prevalence of stigma within ethnic minority groups, and expressed a need to tackle this. These preliminary results suggest that ethnic minority individuals require visible and accessible services that can successfully engage with and support them.
Topics: Bereavement; Ethnic and Racial Minorities; Ethnicity; Humans; Minority Groups; Qualitative Research; Suicide
PubMed: 34831616
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211860 -
Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health... Oct 2022Racial discrimination constitutes a significant risk factor for depressive symptoms among Black youth. Rumination, a maladaptive self-regulatory stress response, is a...
BACKGROUND
Racial discrimination constitutes a significant risk factor for depressive symptoms among Black youth. Rumination, a maladaptive self-regulatory stress response, is a notable pathway by which racial discrimination contributes to depressive symptoms among racial/ethnic minority adults. Yet, examinations of the mechanistic nature of rumination in the context of racial discrimination among racial/ethnic minority youth remain limited. The present study investigated rumination as a mediator of the association between racial discrimination and depressive symptoms among Black youth.
METHODS
Data for the current study were drawn from baseline questionnaire responses of community recruited Black pre-and-early adolescents (N = 158, 53% female, M = 11.50) in the southeast USA participating in an ongoing longitudinal study examining the effects of interpersonal stressors on youth mental health outcomes.
RESULTS
After adjusting for age and gender, mediation analyses revealed a significant indirect effect of racial discrimination on depressive symptoms through rumination, estimate = 0.29, 95% confidence interval [0.12, 0.47]. Racial discrimination was positively associated with rumination (b = .74, SE = .23, p = .001), and rumination, in turn, was positively associated with depressive symptoms (b = .40, SE = .06, p < .001).
CONCLUSION
Consistent with previous research, we found racial discrimination to be directly and indirectly associated with depressive symptoms among Black youth. Findings provide evidence of the cognitive burden of discriminatory experiences and suggest that rumination represents a potential pathway that can be targeted at early developmental stages to reduce the deleterious impact of racism-related stressors.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Black or African American; Child; Depression; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Minority Groups; Racism
PubMed: 34410607
DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01132-2 -
Nurse Education Today Feb 1997
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Humans; Minority Groups; Nurses; Personnel Selection; Physicians; Professional Competence
PubMed: 9087014
DOI: 10.1016/s0260-6917(97)80071-8 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2019Ethnic minority areas in southwestern China are facing frequent high-temperature heatwaves. The health risk perceptions and responses of the local residents need to be...
Ethnic minority areas in southwestern China are facing frequent high-temperature heatwaves. The health risk perceptions and responses of the local residents need to be investigated in order to formulate public policies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on health. In this study, a household survey was conducted in Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County of Chongqing from January to February 2019. A total of 624 local residents were sampled using the multi-stage sampling method. We used multivariate logistic regression models to explore the factors affecting risk perceptions and responses with regard to hot weather. The results showed that despite a relatively high level of risk perception, the study population had a very low level of willingness to see a doctor (24.4%), especially ethnic minority residents (17.5%). In particular, 80% of residents were aware of climate warming and 79% of residents were aware of the health risks of hot weather. Almost all survey participants reported a response to hot weather, with more than half of the participants stating that they would go somewhere cooler (58.5%) and drink more water (56.3%). Compared with the Han Chinese, ethnic minority participants had a higher perception of warm temperature ( <0.001) and associated health risks ( <0.001) but a lower perception of physical discomfort ( <0.001) and aggravated diseases ( = 0.001). The logistic models indicated that ethnic minority, residence time, outdoor working hours, and health status can significantly influence perceptions and subsequently significantly affect coping behaviors. In conclusion, our findings provide significant implications for the development of policies and health education and promotion programs for ethnic minorities in southwest China to aid them in maintaining good health during future hot weather events.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; China; Climate Change; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethnicity; Female; Health Education; Health Status; Hot Temperature; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Minority Groups; Perception; Rural Population; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 31234271
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122190