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Archives of Ophthalmology (Chicago,... Jun 1972
Topics: Acetazolamide; Aged; Atropine; Glaucoma; Humans; Male; Miotics; Mydriatics; Pilocarpine
PubMed: 5032740
DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1972.01000020708018 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Dec 1952
Topics: Humans; Miotics; Pupil
PubMed: 13007766
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Jul 1999Pilocarpine prodrug, O,O'-dipivaloyl(1,2-ethylene) bispilocarpic acid diester, was introduced to a submicron emulsion vehicle in a dose equivalent to 0.5% pilocarpine... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Pilocarpine prodrug, O,O'-dipivaloyl(1,2-ethylene) bispilocarpic acid diester, was introduced to a submicron emulsion vehicle in a dose equivalent to 0.5% pilocarpine base, and the formulation was studied in albino rabbits using miotic assay. Compared with pilocarpine HCl 0.5% solution delayed and prolonged miosis was observed after application of the prodrug emulsion. AUC(0-6 h) values for the prodrug emulsion and pilocarpine solution were 9252+/-1345 and 6845+/-1967%xmin, respectively. The prodrug was also administered twice daily for 5 days in the form of aqueous solution or submicron emulsion in order to study ocular irritation. Irritation potential of the prodrug was significantly reduced when submicron emulsion was used as a vehicle.
Topics: Animals; Biological Availability; Emulsions; Irritants; Miotics; Particle Size; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Pilocarpine; Prodrugs; Rabbits
PubMed: 10425357
DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(99)00106-4 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Oct 1984
Topics: Arecoline; Humans; Miotics
PubMed: 6486230
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(84)90143-0 -
The British Journal of Ophthalmology Nov 1967
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Fixation, Ocular; Humans; Miotics; Strabismus; Vision Tests
PubMed: 6060810
DOI: 10.1136/bjo.51.11.786 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Nov 1959
Topics: Eye; Glaucoma; Humans; Iridocyclitis; Miotics; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Ophthalmology
PubMed: 13791534
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(59)90454-4 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jan 1968
Topics: Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Erythrocytes; Mice; Miotics; Picolines; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rabbits
PubMed: 5652125
DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600570138 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Apr 1978We studied a series of 34 eyes in 31 patients in whom retinal detachment occurred during miotic therapy. In 14 eyes, the duration of miotic use before the development of...
We studied a series of 34 eyes in 31 patients in whom retinal detachment occurred during miotic therapy. In 14 eyes, the duration of miotic use before the development of detachment was two months or less. Most detachments occurred in detachment-prone eyes either by virtue of myopia (62%), aphakia (24%), ipsilateral lattice degeneration (38%) or retinal pathology, in the fellow eye (50%). Virtually all detachments were rhegmatogenous. Distributions of retinal breaks are similar to the corresponding profiles in detached eyes not receiving miotics. The observed phenomena may be accounted for mechanistically, either with or without the role of miotics, so a specific causal role cannot be assigned to any given miotic in any given case. However, our data suggest that detachment-prone eyes may be at increased risk with miotic use, and thus demand careful retinal evaluation and prophylaxis when ominous peripheral symptoms are present.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aphakia, Postcataract; Female; Glaucoma; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Male; Middle Aged; Miotics; Myopia; Retinal Detachment; Risk; Scleral Buckling; Time Factors
PubMed: 655234
DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)75255-9 -
Therapeutische Umschau. Revue... Mar 2009Glaucoma is one of the most frequent causes of blindness in the world. Although there are several different subforms of glaucoma, their final common pathway is an... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Glaucoma is one of the most frequent causes of blindness in the world. Although there are several different subforms of glaucoma, their final common pathway is an atrophy of the optic disc leading to progressive visual field defects and finally total blindness. The loss of function in glaucoma is irreversible, i.e. early detection of the disease is the most important part of its therapy. Early detection, however, requires improved knowledge about the disease in the general population and the active help of all general practitioners, explaining their patients the insidious nature of the disease.
Topics: Acetazolamide; Age Factors; Aged; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Glaucoma; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Infant; Intraocular Pressure; Iridectomy; Middle Aged; Miotics; Muscarinic Agonists; Ophthalmoscopy; Pilocarpine; Prostaglandins; Time Factors; Trabeculectomy; Visual Fields
PubMed: 19266464
DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930.66.3.173 -
Graefe's Archive For Clinical and... 1986Thymoxamine hydrochloride can be used intraocularly to reverse phenylephrine or epinephrine mydriasis during intraocular surgery (0.2-0.5 ml of 0.01% or 0.02% solutions...
Thymoxamine hydrochloride can be used intraocularly to reverse phenylephrine or epinephrine mydriasis during intraocular surgery (0.2-0.5 ml of 0.01% or 0.02% solutions proved to be effective). No endothelial damage was found up to a dose of 1 ml of 0.02% thymoxamine in animal experiments using a physiologically buffered solution. Since stability is low in the buffered state, the final concentration has to be prepared at the time of surgery using a 0.5% solution and a phosphate buffer. Intracameral thymoxamine is a potent miotic during operations and can be helpful in extracapsular cataract surgery, keratoplasty, and repair of perforating injuries.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Drug Evaluation; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Eye Diseases; Humans; Intraoperative Period; Miotics; Moxisylyte
PubMed: 2936652
DOI: 10.1007/BF02141493