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Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology... Mar 2017To provide physicians, researchers, and other interested health care professionals with information about how mite source materials and allergen extracts are... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To provide physicians, researchers, and other interested health care professionals with information about how mite source materials and allergen extracts are manufactured, including the critical process parameters that can affect the final composition of allergenic extracts available for clinical use.
DATA SOURCES
A PubMed search was performed using focused keywords combined with relevant regulatory documents and industry guidelines.
STUDY SELECTIONS
The information obtained through literature and specialized books was evaluated and combined with the personal expertise and experience of the authors.
RESULTS
Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus are the primary species responsible for allergen sensitizations and allergy symptoms in genetically predisposed individuals. Storage mites belonging to the families Glycyphagidae, Echimyopodidae, and Acaridae can also be relevant sources of indoor mite allergens. The cultivation and purification processes used to produce mite raw materials play a critical role in the final composition of mite allergen extracts. Mite extract standardization in the United States is based on total allergenic activity with respect to a single national standard, whereas in Europe consistency is ensured by in-house standards and international references. Because of the limitation of allergen avoidance and pharmacotherapy for patients with severe allergic rhinitis and asthma, house dust mite subcutaneous immunotherapy or sublingual immunotherapy can be an invaluable treatment option for them.
CONCLUSION
Differences in manufacturing processes and extract standardization approaches may lead to differences in extract quality and potency. Physicians should be aware of these potential sources of mite extract variability. Use of well-standardized house dust mite extracts would be critical for success in the diagnosis and treatment of house dust mite allergy.
Topics: Allergens; Animals; Biotechnology; Desensitization, Immunologic; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Mites; Pyroglyphidae
PubMed: 28284531
DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.08.018 -
Clinical Reviews in Allergy 1990
Review
Topics: Animals; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Mite Infestations; Mites; Netherlands; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; Tick Control
PubMed: 2180540
DOI: 10.1007/BF02914435 -
International Archives of Allergy and... 2018
Topics: Allergens; Animals; Antigens, Dermatophagoides; Asthma; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; Humans; Mites; Pyroglyphidae
PubMed: 29301118
DOI: 10.1159/000485897 -
Dermatologic Clinics Apr 1990Most mites are small, have mouth parts capable of puncturing, feed on tissue fluids, have a high reproductive rate, and are found in all habitats, including human skin.... (Review)
Review
Most mites are small, have mouth parts capable of puncturing, feed on tissue fluids, have a high reproductive rate, and are found in all habitats, including human skin. Mites are important causes of cutaneous diseases and are vectors of important infectious diseases. Mite bites should be considered whenever any unexplained cutaneous eruption is presented to the dermatologist. A knowledge of the biology of the mites that can attack humans is important when taking a history and for identifying the etiology. Treatment of the dermatitis is symptomatic, with a cure depending on the identification and eradication of the causative mite.
Topics: Animals; Arachnid Vectors; Arachnida; Dermatitis, Contact; Humans; Mites
PubMed: 2191799
DOI: No ID Found -
Allergy 1998Since the proposal that allergen from the mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus is identical to the house-dust allergen supposed to cause asthma and allergy, interest in... (Review)
Review
Since the proposal that allergen from the mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus is identical to the house-dust allergen supposed to cause asthma and allergy, interest in the abundance, species diversity, and frequency of mites in the home has expanded. Surveys and ecologic studies have confirmed the ubiquity of mites in house dust, especially mites of the family Pyroglyphidae, but most do not give an accurate estimate of population size or mite exposure. These are still important issues today in attempts to quantify the exposure to house-dust mite that constitutes a risk, to assess mite-eradication trials, and to determine fluctuations in mite population. The problems encountered with common methods of house-dust sampling. mite extraction, and measuring house-dust allergen are discussed.
Topics: Allergens; Animals; Dust; Housing; Humans; Mites
PubMed: 10096802
DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb04991.x -
Allergy 1998Mites are the common sources of indoor allergen and play a major role in sensitization and elicitation of allergic disease. In the Scandinavian countries, mite... (Review)
Review
Mites are the common sources of indoor allergen and play a major role in sensitization and elicitation of allergic disease. In the Scandinavian countries, mite infestations in the home were not common in the past decades. Recent studies show that sensitization to mites among children, particularly in Sweden, is increasing. Similar trends have also been reported in Norway. Poor indoor climate, e.g., high humidity and poor ventilation as a consequence of energy-saving measures, are cited as a possible explanation of this increase. Modern furnishings, e.g., carpets and various kinds of upholstery, may also serve as reservoirs of indoor allergens. At least 2 microg of mite allergen per g of dust is considered to be a risk level for sensitization and symptoms of asthma. As compared to experience from other parts of the world, mite-allergen levels are generally low in the northern Scandinavian regions. Recent studies from Sweden and other European countries show that mite sensitization may occur below 2 microg/g dust. Various environmental adjuvant factors may affect the threshold levels of allergen. In this review, the importance of the indoor environment for the accumulation of mite allergens, sensitization to mites in the Scandinavian countries, and various environmental factors that could influence exposure levels will be discussed.
Topics: Allergens; Animals; Child; Environmental Exposure; Housing; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Mites; Scandinavian and Nordic Countries
PubMed: 10096812
DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb05001.x -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Mar 2001In most temperate humid areas of the world, house dust mites are a major source of multiple allergens in house dust. Mite allergens sensitize and induce perennial... (Review)
Review
In most temperate humid areas of the world, house dust mites are a major source of multiple allergens in house dust. Mite allergens sensitize and induce perennial rhinitis, asthma, or atopic dermatitis in a large portion of patients with allergic disease. There is convincing evidence that avoidance of mite allergen can effectively reduce allergic symptoms. Patients can be moved to a mite allergen-free environment, or mite and mite allergen abatement can be performed to reduce exposure in existing residences. Some knowledge of the biology of house dust mites is essential to understand the basis of the recommendations for reducing mites and mite allergens in homes and to appreciate the difficulty of eliminating house dust mites and mite allergens from homes. This article reviews key aspects of the biology of dust mites, the properties of mite allergens, recommendations for reducing mite and mite allergen concentrations in homes, and practical recommendations for treatment.
Topics: Allergens; Animals; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Mites
PubMed: 11242601
DOI: 10.1067/mai.2001.113670 -
Life cycle and reproduction of house-dust mites: environmental factors influencing mite populations.Allergy 1998An understanding of the life cycle of house-dust mites, as well as environmental factors influencing mite populations, can be exploited in mite control. The most... (Review)
Review
An understanding of the life cycle of house-dust mites, as well as environmental factors influencing mite populations, can be exploited in mite control. The most important limiting factor for house-dust-mite populations is air humidity. House-dust mites osmoregulate through the cuticle and therefore require a high ambient air humidity to prevent excessive water loss. In addition, the supracoxal glands actively take up ambient water vapour, and the protonynph stage of the life cycle is resistant to desiccation. Larger house-dust-mite populations are found when the absolute indoor air humidity is above 7 g/kg (45% relative humidity at 20 degrees C). Consequently, ventilation by air-conditioning systems is being developed as a means of control. A number of other aspects of the domestic environment are also being manipulated in an integrated approach to render the habitat less suitable for mites. The potential exists for developing models for house-dust mite populations, environmental characteristics, and the effects of various approaches to control.
Topics: Animals; Dust; Housing; Humans; Humidity; Mites; Reproduction
PubMed: 10096801
DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb04990.x -
Allergy Dec 1997Storage mites are important sources of airborne allergens, especially on farms. A mite survey was conducted in the working environments of 121 farms in five regions of...
Storage mites are important sources of airborne allergens, especially on farms. A mite survey was conducted in the working environments of 121 farms in five regions of Germany. Of 859 samples, 743 (86.4%) contained mites, representing 547,857 astigmatic mites in 723 g of dust and 34,501 prostigmatic mites in 469 g of dust. Dust samples from nine sites of each farm were collected and analyzed. Ninety-three percent of all mites belonged to the order Astigmata (storage- and house-dust-mite species); 35 Astigmata and 14 Prostigmata mite species were identified. According to the abundance and steadiness of the important astigmatic mite species, the following order was found: Lepidoglyphus destructor > Glycyphagus domesticus > Acarus siro > Tyrophagus longior > Blomia tjibodas > Chortoglyphus arcuatus > Thyreophagus entomophagus > Tyrophagus putrescentiae > Euroglyphus longior > Tyrophagus palmarum > Acarus farris > Acarus immobilis > Gohieria fusca. Blomia tjibodas was described for the first time as an abundant species of farms in Germany.
Topics: Agriculture; Animals; Germany; Mites
PubMed: 9450144
DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb02529.x -
Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng... Oct 2005