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EMBO Reports Dec 2009
Review
Topics: Animals; Congresses as Topic; Disease; Health; Humans; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Diseases; Models, Biological; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Organelle Shape
PubMed: 19949411
DOI: 10.1038/embor.2009.247 -
Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin,... Oct 2010
Topics: Aging; Cardiovascular Diseases; Membrane Fusion; Mitochondria; Oxidation-Reduction; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 20711556
DOI: 10.1007/s00109-010-0665-7 -
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2008
Topics: Aging; DNA, Mitochondrial; Humans; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Diseases; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 18692102
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.07.001 -
Ultrastructural Pathology 1998The mitochondrion is a highly efficient organelle that is essential for the function of cells. It is currently accepted that mitochondria originated from primitive... (Review)
Review
The mitochondrion is a highly efficient organelle that is essential for the function of cells. It is currently accepted that mitochondria originated from primitive nonphotosynthetic bacteria that were engulfed by early eucharyotic cells. Most of the normal and pathologic interactions between mitochondria and the cells that contain them can be viewed as symbiotic processes. The main features of mitochondrial structure and function and some of the pathological disorders that involve this organelle are reviewed.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria
PubMed: 9887478
DOI: 10.3109/01913129809103357 -
Experimental Gerontology Oct 2013Caloric restriction (CR) has pronounced benefits in promoting healthy aging. Amongst the most frequently implicated physiological mechanisms implicated in this benefit... (Review)
Review
Caloric restriction (CR) has pronounced benefits in promoting healthy aging. Amongst the most frequently implicated physiological mechanisms implicated in this benefit is altered mitochondrial function. Whereas a reduction in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is a widely consistent effect of CR, an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis, which is accepted by many as fact, is contradicted on several levels, most critically by a lack of increase in mitochondrial protein synthesis rate in vivo. Furthermore, an increase in PGC-1α protein and markers of mitochondrial content with CR is a highly variable observation between studies. On the other hand, deacetylation of several mitochondrial proteins by the sirtuin, Sirt3, is an increasingly reported observation and at least so far, this observation is consistent between studies. Notwithstanding this point, the controversies evident in the published literature underscore the significant questions that remain in our understanding of how CR impacts the mitochondrion and suggest we have yet to fully understand the complexities herein.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Caloric Restriction; Cardiolipins; DNA, Mitochondrial; Humans; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Turnover; Rats; Reactive Oxygen Species; Sirtuins
PubMed: 23523973
DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.03.004 -
Chemical Communications (Cambridge,... Aug 2020The development of smart supramolecular self-assemblies for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and organelle-targeting cell imaging has become a hot topic of research due to...
The development of smart supramolecular self-assemblies for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and organelle-targeting cell imaging has become a hot topic of research due to their rapid and intelligent responses. Herein, we report a novel ternary supramolecular assembly of nanoparticles, composed specifically of photosensitizer molecules 4,4'-(dibenzo[a,c]phenazine-9,14-diyl)pyridin-1-ium bromide (DPAC-S) and cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) co-assembled with bis[2,4,5-trichloro-6-(pentyloxycarbonyl)phenyl]oxalate (CPPO). Overexpressed hydrogen peroxide in tumor cells was used to rapidly stimulate these nanoparticles to produce chemiluminescence and simultaneously sensitize oxygen molecules to singlet oxygen (O) for in situ PDT. A cell imaging experiment further confirmed the ability of the nanoparticle assembly to effectively target mitochondria, a feature beneficial for enhancing PDT.
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Humans; Luminescence; Mitochondria; Optical Imaging; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents
PubMed: 32638719
DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01868f -
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling Mar 2013Adaptation and transformation biology of the mitochondrion to redox status is an emerging domain of physiology and pathophysiology. Mitochondrial adaptations occur in... (Review)
Review
Adaptation and transformation biology of the mitochondrion to redox status is an emerging domain of physiology and pathophysiology. Mitochondrial adaptations occur in response to accidental changes in cellular energy demand or supply while mitochondrial transformations are a part of greater program of cell metamorphosis. The possible role of mitochondrial adaptations and transformations in pathogenesis remains unexplored, and it has become critical to decipher the stimuli and the underlying molecular pathways. Immediate activation of mitochondrial function was described during acute exercise, respiratory chain injury, Endoplasmic Reticulum stress, genotoxic stress, or environmental toxic insults. Delayed adaptations of mitochondrial form, composition, and functions were evidenced for persistent changes in redox status as observed in endurance training, in fibroblasts grown in presence of respiratory chain inhibitors or in absence of glucose, in the smooth muscle of patients with severe asthma, or in the skeletal muscle of patients with a mitochondrial disease. Besides, mitochondrial transformations were observed in the course of human cell differentiation, during immune response activation, or in cells undergoing carcinogenesis. Little is known on the signals and downstream pathways that govern mitochondrial adaptations and transformations. Few adaptative loops, including redox sensors, kinases, and transcription factors were deciphered, but their implication in physiology and pathology remains elusive. Mitoplasticity could play a protective role against aging, diabetes, cancer, or neurodegenerative diseases. Research on adaptation and transformation could allow the design of innovative therapies, notably in cancer.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Humans; Mitochondria; Neoplasms; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 22989324
DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4357 -
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Feb 2021Hydrogen sulfide (HS) typically plays biphasic biological roles in living organisms with subnormal HS exerting cytoprotective effects such as participating in...
Hydrogen sulfide (HS) typically plays biphasic biological roles in living organisms with subnormal HS exerting cytoprotective effects such as participating in cardioprotective signaling pathways while HS with higher-than-normal concentrations in localized tissues acting the opposite way such as inhibiting mitochondrial respiration. Such concentration-dependent biological and pathological roles of HS with the wide involvement of mitochondria and the elusive feature of HS definitely highlight the vital significance of fast and precise estimation of the physiological level of HS in specific microenvironments, particularly within cellular mitochondria. In this work, we developed a new type of fluorescent probe (QcyCHO) featured with HS-triggered off-to-on near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence conversion within ~ 10 min, limit of detection (LOD) down to 8.3 nM, and high recognition specificity over other similarly interfering species. The ideal mitochondrion-targeting ability, high recognition specificity over typical interfering substances and other physiologically relevant species, and the ability for mapping intracellular HS in living cells of QcyCHO probe were also unequivocally confirmed, which imply its potential for shedding light on the biology of HS and therapeutic development in HS-associated diseases by identifying the specific physiological stimuli inducing HS production and determining the levels of HS at the location and time of stimulation.
Topics: Fluorescent Dyes; HeLa Cells; Humans; Hydrogen Sulfide; Microscopy, Confocal; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Mitochondria; Optical Imaging
PubMed: 33386936
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03086-6 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Oct 1986
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Mitochondria
PubMed: 3764423
DOI: 10.1126/science.3764423 -
Genome Biology and Evolution Feb 2021Mitochondria retain their own genomes as other bacterial endosymbiont-derived organelles. Nevertheless, no protein for DNA replication and repair is encoded in any...
Mitochondria retain their own genomes as other bacterial endosymbiont-derived organelles. Nevertheless, no protein for DNA replication and repair is encoded in any mitochondrial genomes (mtDNAs) assessed to date, suggesting that the nucleus primarily governs the maintenance of mtDNA. As the proteins of diverse evolutionary origins occupy a large proportion of the current mitochondrial proteomes, we anticipate finding the same evolutionary trend in the nucleus-encoded machinery for mtDNA maintenance. Indeed, none of the DNA polymerases (DNAPs) in the mitochondrial endosymbiont, a putative α-proteobacterium, seemingly had been inherited by their descendants (mitochondria), as none of the known types of mitochondrion-localized DNAP showed a specific affinity to the α-proteobacterial DNAPs. Nevertheless, we currently have no concrete idea of how and when the known types of mitochondrion-localized DNAPs emerged. We here explored the origins of mitochondrion-localized DNAPs after the improvement of the samplings of DNAPs from bacteria and phages/viruses. Past studies have revealed that a set of mitochondrion-localized DNAPs in kinetoplastids and diplonemids, namely PolIB, PolIC, PolID, PolI-Perk1/2, and PolI-dipl (henceforth designated collectively as "PolIBCD+") have emerged from a single DNAP. In this study, we recovered an intimate connection between PolIBCD+ and the DNAPs found in a particular group of phages. Thus, the common ancestor of kinetoplastids and diplonemids most likely converted a laterally acquired phage DNAP into a mitochondrion-localized DNAP that was ancestral to PolIBCD+. The phage origin of PolIBCD+ hints at a potentially large contribution of proteins acquired via nonvertical processes to the machinery for mtDNA maintenance in kinetoplastids and diplonemids.
Topics: Bacteriophages; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; Euglenozoa; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Kinetoplastida; Mitochondria; Phylogeny
PubMed: 33432342
DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab003