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Current Cardiology Reports Aug 2017This review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of mitral valve disease, both mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation, starting with an overview of the valve... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of mitral valve disease, both mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation, starting with an overview of the valve anatomy.
RECENT FINDINGS
The advent of three-dimensional imaging has allowed a better representation of the valve anatomy. Rheumatic disease is still the number one cause of mitral stenosis worldwide and percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty remains the therapy of choice when indicated and in anatomically eligible patients. Mitral regurgitation (MR) is classified as primary (i.e., lesion in the mitral apparatus) or secondary (caused by left ventricular geometrical alterations). While surgery, preferably repair, is still the recommended therapy for severe primary MR, percutaneous approaches to repair and/or replace the mitral valve are being extensively investigated. Mitral valve disease is common. A careful understanding of mitral valve anatomy and the disease processes that affect the valve are crucial for providing optimal patient care.
Topics: Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Mitral Valve; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Mitral Valve Stenosis; Rheumatic Heart Disease
PubMed: 28688022
DOI: 10.1007/s11886-017-0883-5 -
Hellenic Journal of Cardiology : HJC =... 2021
Topics: Humans; Mitral Valve; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Mitral Valve Stenosis
PubMed: 33771729
DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2021.03.002 -
Cardiovascular Pathology : the Official... 2021Mitral valve is a complex cardiac structure composed of several components to work in synchrony to allow blood flow into left ventricle during diastole and not to allow... (Review)
Review
Mitral valve is a complex cardiac structure composed of several components to work in synchrony to allow blood flow into left ventricle during diastole and not to allow blood flow into left atrium during systole. Accessory mitral valve tissue (AMVT) was defined as existence of any additional part and parcel of valvular structure which has an attachment to normal mitral valve apparatus in left-sided cardiac chambers. AMVT may present itself in different clinical circumstances ranging from a silent clinical course to thromboembolic events, heart failure, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and severe arrhythmia. This article reviews the clinical perspectives of AMVT in terms of symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment, providing a new anatomical classification regarding the location of AMVT. Briefly type I refers to AMVT having attachments on the supra leaflets level, type II refers to attachments on the mitral leaflets, and type III refers to attachment below the mitral leaflets. Increased awareness and widespread use of echocardiographic techniques would increase recognition of AMVT in patients with heart murmurs but otherwise healthy and in those with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction or tissue which causes subaortic stenosis and with unexplained cerebrovascular events.
Topics: Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Mitral Valve; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Thromboembolism; Ventricular Outflow Obstruction
PubMed: 32882373
DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2020.107277 -
Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) Oct 2019Mitral stenosis (MS) is a common valvular disease characterized by narrowing of the mitral valve orifice and a reduction in mitral valve area (MVA). While rheumatic MS... (Review)
Review
Mitral stenosis (MS) is a common valvular disease characterized by narrowing of the mitral valve orifice and a reduction in mitral valve area (MVA). While rheumatic MS (RMS) is frequently encountered in young individuals in developing countries, degenerative MS (DMS) is seen in the elderly in developed countries and its prevalence is increasing. DMS is usually a late presentation of mitral annular calcification (MAC). Accurate assessment of MVA in patients with MAC is challenging due to the alterations in the atrial and valvular structures as well as the presence of other comorbidities in this aging population. We will review the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic assessment, and management of DMS and compare the findings with RMS. The latest therapeutic approaches, including medical, surgical, and transcatheter valvular interventions, will be discussed.
Topics: Echocardiography; Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; Humans; Mitral Valve; Mitral Valve Stenosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31587368
DOI: 10.1111/echo.14495 -
Journal of Cardiac Surgery Jan 2021
Topics: Humans; Mitral Valve
PubMed: 33135189
DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15155 -
Interventional Cardiology Clinics Apr 2024Mitral valve dysfunction is prevalent amongst older patients. Of those not suitable for surgical therapy, mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) can treat as... (Review)
Review
Mitral valve dysfunction is prevalent amongst older patients. Of those not suitable for surgical therapy, mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) can treat as large proportion of patients, many are not suitable TEER candidates. As such, orthotopic transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) is an important innovation but it faces significant challenges. Orthotopic TMVR requires a prosthesis with stable anchoring, adequate sealing, minimal footprint in the left ventricle and long term durability. Multidisciplinary expertise in advanced imaging, surgery, heart failure are needed for success.
Topics: Humans; Mitral Valve; Heart Failure; Heart Valve Diseases; Heart Ventricles; Prosthesis Implantation
PubMed: 38432765
DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2024.01.004 -
Journal of the American College of... Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Mitral Valve
PubMed: 36456048
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.10.014 -
Journal of the American Heart... May 2021
Topics: Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Metabolomics; Mitral Valve; Mitral Valve Insufficiency
PubMed: 33890481
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.121.020726 -
Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) Oct 2021
Topics: Humans; Mitral Valve; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Papillary Muscles
PubMed: 34585418
DOI: 10.1111/echo.15204 -
Journal of Anatomy Aug 2020The mitral valve is a complex anatomical structure whose physiological functioning relies on the biomechanical properties and structural integrity of its components.... (Review)
Review
The mitral valve is a complex anatomical structure whose physiological functioning relies on the biomechanical properties and structural integrity of its components. Their compromise can lead to mitral valve dysfunction, associated with morbidity and mortality. Therefore, a review on the morphometry of the mitral valve is crucial, more specifically on the importance of valve dimensions and shape for its function. This review initially provides a brief background on the anatomy and physiology of the mitral valve, followed by an analysis of the morphological information available. A characterisation of mathematical descriptions of several parts of the valve is performed and the impact of different dimensions and shape changes in disease is then outlined. Finally, a section regarding future directions and recommendations for the use of morphometric information in clinical analysis of the mitral valve is presented.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Humans; Mitral Valve; Models, Anatomic
PubMed: 32242929
DOI: 10.1111/joa.13196