-
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Feb 2013Noninvasive reporter gene imaging is a component of molecular imaging. Reporter imaging can provide noninvasive assessments of endogenous biologic processes in living... (Review)
Review
Noninvasive reporter gene imaging is a component of molecular imaging. Reporter imaging can provide noninvasive assessments of endogenous biologic processes in living subjects and can be performed using different imaging modalities. This review will focus on radionuclide-based reporter gene imaging as developed and applied in preclinical and clinical studies. Examples of different reporter systems are presented, with a focus on human reporter systems. Selected applications are discussed, including adoptive cell therapies, gene and oncoviral therapies, oncogenesis, signal pathway monitoring, and imaging drug treatment. Molecular imaging, and noninvasive reporter gene imaging in particular, are making important contributions to our understanding of disease development, progression, and treatment in our current era of molecular medicine and individualized patient care.
Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diagnostic Imaging; Genes, Reporter; Genetic Therapy; Humans; Medical Oncology; Mice; Molecular Imaging; Molecular Medicine; Molecular Probe Techniques; Neoplasms; Optics and Photonics; Positron-Emission Tomography; Precision Medicine; Radionuclide Imaging; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 23318292
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.099788 -
Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi = Chinese... Oct 2015
Topics: Humans; Molecular Epidemiology; Pathology, Molecular; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 26702523
DOI: No ID Found -
Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics Mar 2015The implementation of stratified medicine in modern cancer care presents substantial opportunity to refine diagnosis and treatment but also numerous challenges. Through...
The implementation of stratified medicine in modern cancer care presents substantial opportunity to refine diagnosis and treatment but also numerous challenges. Through experience in a UK tumor profiling initiative, we have gained valuable insights into the complexities and possible solutions for routine delivery of stratified cancer medicine.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Genetic Testing; Genomics; Humans; Neoplasms; Pathology, Molecular; Research; United Kingdom
PubMed: 25547183
DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.992417 -
The Journal of Small Animal Practice Jul 2021Molecular pathology is a developing sub-microscopic discipline of pathology that studies the effects of molecular variations and mutations on disease processes. The... (Review)
Review
Molecular pathology is a developing sub-microscopic discipline of pathology that studies the effects of molecular variations and mutations on disease processes. The ultimate goal of molecular pathology in cancer is to predict risk, facilitate diagnosis and improve prognostication based on a complete understanding of the biological impact of specific molecular variations, mutations and dysregulations. This knowledge will provide the basis for customised cancer treatment, so-called precision medicine. Rapid developments in genomics have placed this field at the forefront of clinical molecular pathology and there are already a number of well-established genetic tests available for clinical use including PCR of antigen receptor rearrangement and KIT mutational analysis. Moving beyond tests assessing a single gene, there are significant research efforts utilising genomics to predict cancer risk, forecast aggressive behaviour and identify druggable mutations and therapeutic biomarkers. Researchers are also investigating the use of circulating cells and nucleic acid for clinically useful low morbidity genomic assessments. If we are to realise the full potential of molecular pathology and precision medicine there are a number of challenges to overcome. These include developing our understanding of the underlying biology (in particular intra-tumoural heterogeneity), methodological standardisation of assays, provision of adequate infrastructure and production of novel therapeutics backed by high-quality clinical data supporting the precision medicine approach. The era of molecular pathology holds the potential to revolutionise veterinary cancer care, but its impact on clinical practice will depend upon the extent to which the inherent challenges can be overcome.
Topics: Animals; Genomics; Mutation; Neoplasms; Pathology, Molecular; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 33974272
DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13330 -
Pathology Jan 2021While localised prostate cancer can be cured by local treatment, 'high-risk' prostate cancer often progresses to castration resistant disease and remains incurable with... (Review)
Review
While localised prostate cancer can be cured by local treatment, 'high-risk' prostate cancer often progresses to castration resistant disease and remains incurable with a dismal prognosis. In recent years, technical advances and development of novel methodologies have largely contributed to a better understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms that promote tumour growth and progression. Consecutively, novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of prostate cancer have emerged during the last decade, calling for the identification of predictive biomarkers. The concept of personalised medicine is to tailor treatment according to the specific tumour profile of an individual patient. Moreover, acquired molecular changes during tumour evolution and in response to therapy selection pressure require adapted predictive marker testing at different time points during the disease. In this setting, the pathologist plays a critical role in patient management and treatment selection. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of molecular aspects of prostate cancer and their potential utility in the context of different therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, we discuss methods for molecular marker testing in routine clinical practice, with a focus on castration resistant prostate cancer.
Topics: Biomarkers; Humans; Male; Pathology, Molecular; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 33234230
DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.10.003 -
Allergologia Et Immunopathologia 2010Progress in nanotechnology and DNA recombination techniques have produced tools for the diagnosis and investigation of allergy at molecular level. The most advanced... (Review)
Review
Progress in nanotechnology and DNA recombination techniques have produced tools for the diagnosis and investigation of allergy at molecular level. The most advanced examples of such progress are the microarray techniques, which have been expanded not only in research in the field of proteomics but also in application to the clinical setting. Microarrays of allergic components offer results relating to hundreds of allergenic components in a single test, and using a small amount of serum which can be obtained from capillary blood. The availability of new molecules will allow the development of panels including new allergenic components and sources, which will require evaluation for clinical use. Their application opens the door to component-based diagnosis, to the holistic perception of sensitisation as represented by molecular allergy, and to patient-centred medical practice by allowing great diagnostic accuracy and the definition of individualised immunotherapy for each patient. The present article reviews the application of allergenic component microarrays to allergology for diagnosis, management in the form of specific immunotherapy, and epidemiological studies. A review is also made of the use of protein and gene microarray techniques in basic research and in allergological diseases. Lastly, an evaluation is made of the challenges we face in introducing such techniques to clinical practice, and of the future perspectives of this new technology.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunotherapy; Microarray Analysis; Nanotechnology; Pathology, Molecular; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 20537785
DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2010.04.003 -
Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Jul 2018
Topics: Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Humans; Molecular Medicine
PubMed: 29961507
DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2017.03.023 -
The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics :... Jan 2023
Topics: Humans; Pathology, Molecular
PubMed: 36517203
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2022.11.001 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Jun 2015Genomic medicine requires the identification of biomarkers and therapeutic targets, which in turn, requires high-quality biospecimens. Achieving high-quality... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Genomic medicine requires the identification of biomarkers and therapeutic targets, which in turn, requires high-quality biospecimens. Achieving high-quality biospecimens requires implementing standard operating procedures to control the variations of preanalytic variables in biobanking. Currently, most biobanks do not control the variations of preanalytic variables when collecting, processing, and storing their biospecimens. However, those variations have been shown to affect the quality of biospecimens and gene expression profiling.
OBJECTIVE
To identify evidence-based preanalytic parameters that can be applied and those parameters that need further study.
DATA SOURCES
We searched the Biospecimen Research and PubMed databases using defined key words. We retrieved and reviewed 212 articles obtained through those searches. We included 58 articles (27%) according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria for this review.
CONCLUSION
-Preanalytic variables in biobanking can degrade the quality of biospecimens and alter gene expression profiling. Variables that require further study include the effect of surgical manipulation; the effect of warm ischemia; the allowable duration of delayed specimen processing; the optimal type, duration, and temperature of preservation and fixation; and the optimal storage duration of formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded specimens in a fit-for-purpose approach.
Topics: Biological Specimen Banks; Cryopreservation; Gene Expression Profiling; Genomics; Humans; Molecular Medicine; Paraffin Embedding; Quality Control; Specimen Handling; Tissue Fixation
PubMed: 26030251
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0261-RA -
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi =... Aug 2016Molecular epidemiology, a branch of epidemiology, combines the theories and methods, both in epidemiology and molecular biology. Molecular epidemiology mainly focuses on...
Molecular epidemiology, a branch of epidemiology, combines the theories and methods, both in epidemiology and molecular biology. Molecular epidemiology mainly focuses on biological markers, describing the distribution, occurrence, development and prognosis of diseases at the molecular level. The completion of Human Genome Project and rapid development of Precision Medicine and Big Data not only offer the new development opportunities but also bring about a higher demand and new challenge for molecular epidemiology.
Topics: Biomarkers; Humans; Molecular Biology; Molecular Epidemiology; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 27539332
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2016.08.001