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Molecular Pharmaceutics Feb 2015S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is a good candidate for nitric oxide (NO(•)) delivery, and its nanoformulation improves NO(•) stability and bioavailability. We have...
S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is a good candidate for nitric oxide (NO(•)) delivery, and its nanoformulation improves NO(•) stability and bioavailability. We have compared the effect of empty Eudragit nanoparticles (eENP), GSNO-loaded ENP (gENP), and free GSNO on THP-1 human monocytic cell line. We investigated cellular viability and growth by WST-1 and trypan blue tests. ENP uptake was studied using transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. Transcriptomic profiles were obtained using microarray. ENP entered cells by clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Exposure to either free GSNO or gENP induced an activation of genes from the same clusters, in favor of intracellular delivery of GSNO by ENP. GSNO nanoformulation might be a therapeutic option for NO(•) delivery.
Topics: Cell Line; Endocytosis; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Monocytes; Nanoparticles; Nitric Oxide; S-Nitrosoglutathione; Transcriptome
PubMed: 25536094
DOI: 10.1021/mp5006382 -
International Immunology Oct 2018Monocytes are a widely conserved cell population in vertebrates with important roles in both inflammation and homeostasis. Under both settings, monocytes continuously... (Review)
Review
Monocytes are a widely conserved cell population in vertebrates with important roles in both inflammation and homeostasis. Under both settings, monocytes continuously arise from hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow and, on demand, migrate into tissues through the bloodstream. Monocytes are classified into three subsets-classical, intermediate and non-classical-based on their cell surface expression of CD14 and CD16 in humans and Ly6C, CX3CR1 and CCR2 in mice. In tissues, monocytes differentiate further into monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells to mediate innate and adaptive immune responses and maintain tissue homeostasis. Recently, the progenitors that strictly give rise to monocytes were identified in both humans and mice, thereby revealing the monocyte differentiation pathways.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Homeostasis; Humans; Inflammation; Mice; Monocytes
PubMed: 30247712
DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy063 -
The Journal of Antibiotics Jan 1994Recent reports have suggested that long-term administration of erythromycin (EM) appears to ameliorate some of chronic inflammatory processes where macrophages and...
Recent reports have suggested that long-term administration of erythromycin (EM) appears to ameliorate some of chronic inflammatory processes where macrophages and lymphocytes play important roles. Our study was initiated to examine the effect of EM on monocyte-macrophage lineage in vitro. EM (1 approximately 100 micrograms/ml) significantly increased the number of adherent monocyte-derived macrophages after 7 days of culture. The combination of EM and macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) synergistically increased the number of monocyte-derived macrophages, while the combination of EM and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor exerted an additive effect. Culture with EM induced the expression of a surface antigen CD71, one of the activation markers of macrophages as compared with control cultures. The combination of EM plus M-CSF significantly enhanced H2O2-producing capacity of those cells as compared with M-CSF alone. A differentiation process of monocytoid THP-1 cells was also augmented by EM. These results indicate that EM promotes differentiation of human monocyte-macrophage lineage, altering their functions.
Topics: Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; Antigens, Surface; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Erythromycin; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Macrophages; Monocytes; Phagocytosis; Phenotype; Receptors, Transferrin; Tumor Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 8119865
DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.47.80 -
Patologicheskaia Fiziologiia I... 2016In this review, we present information about a heterogeneity of monocyte subsets based on their unique functional and phenotypic properties. Here we also discuss the... (Review)
Review
In this review, we present information about a heterogeneity of monocyte subsets based on their unique functional and phenotypic properties. Here we also discuss the search of an optimal technique for the isolation of monocyte subsets as well as the origin of monocyte subsets and their role in inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Inflammation; Monocytes
PubMed: 29244938
DOI: No ID Found -
Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift Jun 2018Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) currently represents the most common hepatic disease worldwide and is closely linked to cardiovascular disease, obesity and...
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) currently represents the most common hepatic disease worldwide and is closely linked to cardiovascular disease, obesity and diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate NAFLD and its influence on different monocyte subpopulations to determine the presence of significant associations. A total of 3 monocyte subpopulations were investigated, i.e. classical (CD14++CD16-), intermediate (CD14++CD16+) and non-classical (CD14+CD16++). Of the participants 261 were included in this study (n = 53 with NAFLD, n = 208 controls). Ultrasonography was used to diagnose NAFLD and exclude other morphologic causes of liver diseases and other tests (including medical history inquiries and detection of hepatitis virus) were performed to exclude other causes of parenchymal liver disease. Classical inflammatory and metabolic-related NAFLD biomarkers were also determined. In contrast to the healthy control group, the intermediate monocyte fraction was increased in NAFLD patients (p = 0.032), while the classical monocyte fraction was decreased (p = 0.025). Intermediate monocyte fraction, body mass index (BMI) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were independent risk factors for NAFLD. Classical, non-classical and intermediate monocytes fraction were strongly associated with age, triglyceride, and waist circumference. This study suggests that the intermediate monocyte fraction in peripheral blood is likely related to the aggravation of NAFLD.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Humans; Monocytes; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
PubMed: 29845362
DOI: 10.1007/s00508-018-1348-6 -
The Journal of Rheumatology Mar 2014Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with excessive cardiovascular (CV) morbidity. Interactions between activated endothelium and monocytes precede atherosclerotic...
OBJECTIVE
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with excessive cardiovascular (CV) morbidity. Interactions between activated endothelium and monocytes precede atherosclerotic plaques. Our aim was to quantify blood monocyte subsets in relation to endothelial activation and inflammatory activity in subjects with AS who were free of clinical atherosclerotic CV disease.
METHODS
Markers of inflammation and endothelial activation were measured in 47 patients with AS receiving no disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, and 22 healthy controls. Exclusion criteria included atherosclerotic CV disease and traditional risk factors. Flow cytometry was used to identify monocyte subsets: classical CD14(++)CD16(-), intermediate CD14(++)CD16(+), and nonclassical CD14(+)CD16(++) monocytes and to evaluate their expression of CD11b and CD11c.
RESULTS
Traditional risk factors were comparable among the groups, except for lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in AS (p = 0.007). Relative to controls, in subjects with AS counts of classical monocytes were higher (84.3 ± 5.4 vs 78.9 ± 5.3% of blood monocytes, p < 0.001) and nonclassical monocytes lower (2.9 ± 2.2 vs 5.5 ± 2.3%, p < 0.001). In AS we observed increased soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [251 (224-293) vs 202 (187-230) ng/ml, p = 0.002], an endothelial ligand for monocytic β2-integrin CD11b/CD18. CD11b expression on all 3 monocyte subsets was elevated in 21 AS subjects with a Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index score ≥ 4 versus the remaining patients (p = 0.005-0.03). C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and pentraxin-3 were increased in AS, in contrast to tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-18. IL-6 correlated with classical monocytes numbers in AS (r = 0.56, p < 0.0001) but not in the controls (r = 0.10, p = 0.65).
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest a contribution of immune dysregulation to enhanced monocyte-endothelial interactions in AS, especially in patients with active disease, which possibly can accelerate atherogenesis on a longterm basis.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Severity of Illness Index; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Young Adult
PubMed: 24488416
DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.130803 -
PloS One 2013We showed that metabolic disorders promote thiol oxidative stress in monocytes, priming monocytes for accelerated chemokine-induced recruitment, and accumulation at...
We showed that metabolic disorders promote thiol oxidative stress in monocytes, priming monocytes for accelerated chemokine-induced recruitment, and accumulation at sites of vascular injury and the progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to identify both the source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for thiol oxidation in primed and dysfunctional monocytes and the molecular mechanisms through which ROS accelerate the migration and recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages. We found that Nox4, a recently identified NADPH oxidase in monocytes and macrophages, localized to focal adhesions and the actin cytoskeleton, and associated with phospho-FAK, paxillin, and actin, implicating Nox4 in the regulation of monocyte adhesion and migration. We also identified Nox4 as a new, metabolic stress-inducible source of ROS that controls actin S-glutathionylation and turnover in monocytes and macrophages, providing a novel mechanistic link between Nox4-derived H2O2 and monocyte adhesion and migration. Actin associated with Nox4 was S-glutathionylated, and Nox4 association with actin was enhanced in metabolically-stressed monocytes. Metabolic stress induced Nox4 and accelerated monocyte adhesion and chemotaxis in a Nox4-dependent mechanism. In conclusion, our data suggest that monocytic Nox4 is a central regulator of actin dynamics, and induction of Nox4 is the rate-limiting step in metabolic stress-induced monocyte priming and dysfunction associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and the progression of atherosclerotic plaques.
Topics: Actins; Cell Adhesion; Cell Line; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Glutathione; Humans; Monocytes; NADPH Oxidase 4; NADPH Oxidases; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 23825596
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066964 -
Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. :... Jun 2013Human and mouse monocyte can be divided into two different subpopulations based on surface marker expression: CD14/16 and Ly6C/CX3CR1, respectively. Monocyte... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Human and mouse monocyte can be divided into two different subpopulations based on surface marker expression: CD14/16 and Ly6C/CX3CR1, respectively. Monocyte subpopulations in the pig were identified based on reciprocal expression of CD14 and the scavenger receptor CD163. The two populations, CD14(hi)-CD163(low) and CD14(low)-CD163(hi), show approximately equal abundance in the steady-state. Culture of pig PBMCs in CSF1 indicates that the two populations are a maturation series controlled by this growth factor. Gene expression in pig monocyte subpopulations was profiled using the newly developed and annotated pig whole genome snowball microarray. Previous studies have suggested a functional equivalence between human and mouse subsets, but certain genes such as CD36, CLEC4E, or TREM-1 showed human-specific expression. The same genes were expressed selectively in pig monocyte subsets. However, the profiles suggest that the pig CD14(low)-CD163(high) cells are actually equivalent to intermediate human monocytes, and there is no CD14(-) CD16(+) "nonclassical" population. The results are discussed in terms of the relevance of the pig as a model for understanding human monocyte function.
Topics: Animals; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Monocytes; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Sus scrofa; Swine; Transcriptome
PubMed: 23667115
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300365 -
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... 1982
Review
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Cells; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Leukemia, Myeloid; Macrophages; Mice; Monocytes
PubMed: 6757487
DOI: No ID Found -
Cancer Letters Sep 1986The effect of CCNU on human monocyte phagocytosis of yeast cells was measured in vitro. 'Therapeutic' CCNU concentrations had no measurable effect on monocyte...
The effect of CCNU on human monocyte phagocytosis of yeast cells was measured in vitro. 'Therapeutic' CCNU concentrations had no measurable effect on monocyte phagocytosis. Higher concentrations of CCNU had a slight but statistically significant effect on the engulfment phase of monocyte phagocytosis. The results suggest that CCNU treatment is of minor importance for monocyte function.
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Lomustine; Monocytes; Phagocytosis
PubMed: 3768857
DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(86)90185-0