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Cytometry. Part B, Clinical Cytometry Nov 2018The purpose of this study was to determine whether immunophenotypic profiles detected by flow cytometry are useful in differentiating chronic myelomonocytic leukemia...
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to determine whether immunophenotypic profiles detected by flow cytometry are useful in differentiating chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) from reactive monocytosis, and between CMML subtypes.
METHODS
Eight-color flow cytometry was used to immunophenotype blasts, monocytes, and granulocytes in the bone marrow of 34 patients with CMML and 12 patients with reactive monocytosis.
RESULTS
Bone marrow myeloblast, promonocyte, and monocyte counts by flow cytometry were significantly higher in the CMML group than in the reactive monocytosis group. Myeloblast aberrancies were present in all CMML patients as compared with 2 of 12 (16.7%) reactive monocytosis patients (P < 0.001). The number of blast aberrancies ranged from one to nine (median, four) in CMML patients and 94.1% of CMML cases exhibited ≥ two aberrancies. In contrast, two reactive monocytosis cases showed only one phenotypic abnormality of blasts. Monocyte and granulocyte aberrancies were present in 26 of 34 (76.5%) and in 31 of 34 (91.2%) CMML patients, respectively. Decreased side scatter (SSC) and abnormal CD11b/CD13/CD16 maturation pattern in granulocytes were more frequent in CMML than in reactive monocytosis. No significant differences in antigen expression were detected between the CMML subtypes except that altered CD45/SSC pattern on the blasts was more commonly observed in CMML-0/1 than in CMML-2.
CONCLUSIONS
CMML has phenotypic aberrancies in monocytes, granulocytes, and more frequently in myeloblasts. Aberrant expression of two or more antigens in myeloblasts by flow cytometry has a high sensitivity (94.1%) and a high specificity (100%) to differentiate CMML from reactive monocytosis. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Young Adult
PubMed: 30334354
DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21721 -
The Journal of Clinical Investigation Oct 2011Leukocytosis is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk in humans and develops in hypercholesterolemic atherosclerotic animal models. Leukocytosis is...
Leukocytosis is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk in humans and develops in hypercholesterolemic atherosclerotic animal models. Leukocytosis is associated with the proliferation of hematopoietic stem and multipotential progenitor cells (HSPCs) in mice with deficiencies of the cholesterol efflux-promoting ABC transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 in BM cells. Here, we have determined the role of endogenous apolipoprotein-mediated cholesterol efflux pathways in these processes. In Apoe⁻/⁻ mice fed a chow or Western- type diet, monocytosis and neutrophilia developed in association with the proliferation and expansion of HSPCs in the BM. In contrast, Apoa1⁻/⁻ mice showed no monocytosis compared with controls. ApoE was found on the surface of HSPCs, in a proteoglycan-bound pool, where it acted in an ABCA1- and ABCG1-dependent fashion to decrease cell proliferation. Accordingly, competitive BM transplantation experiments showed that ApoE acted cell autonomously to control HSPC proliferation, monocytosis, neutrophilia, and monocyte accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions. Infusion of reconstituted HDL and LXR activator treatment each reduced HSPC proliferation and monocytosis in Apoe⁻/⁻ mice. These studies suggest a specific role for proteoglycanbound ApoE at the surface of HSPCs to promote cholesterol efflux via ABCA1/ABCG1 and decrease cell proliferation, monocytosis, and atherosclerosis. Although endogenous apoA-I was ineffective, pharmacologic approaches to increasing cholesterol efflux suppressed stem cell proliferative responses.
Topics: ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Animals; Apolipoprotein A-I; Apolipoproteins E; Atherosclerosis; Cell Proliferation; Cholesterol; Disease Models, Animal; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Leukocytosis; Lipoproteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Models, Cardiovascular; Monocytes; Proteoglycans; Receptors, LDL
PubMed: 21968112
DOI: 10.1172/JCI57559 -
Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A Apr 2003Marek's disease (MDV) virus is mainly known for the induction of visceral lymphomas and lymphoid infiltration of peripheral nerves. Recently, additional tropism for the...
Monocytosis is associated with the onset of leukocyte and viral infiltration of the brain in chickens infected with the very virulent Marek's disease virus strain C12/130.
Marek's disease (MDV) virus is mainly known for the induction of visceral lymphomas and lymphoid infiltration of peripheral nerves. Recently, additional tropism for the central nervous system has been recognised as a distinct feature of disease induced by very virulent MDV isolates. During the analysis of changes in the peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations in chickens infected with either a virulent (HPRS-16) or a very virulent (C12/130) strain of MDV, we observed a marked monocytosis in chickens infected with C12/130. Perivascular cuffing in brain and mononuclear cell infiltration into the meninges of chickens infected with C12/130 were associated with the appearance of the monocytosis from 6-10 days post-infection. Our results show that a peripheral blood monocytosis may be a contributory factor in establishing or accelerating the severity of mononuclear infiltration into the meninges and perivascular spaces in the brain during infection by very virulent C12/130 strain of MDV.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Brain; Chickens; Flow Cytometry; Immunohistochemistry; Leukocyte Count; Mardivirus; Marek Disease; Monocytes; Severity of Illness Index; Virulence
PubMed: 12745364
DOI: 10.1080/0307985021000071650 -
Blood May 2020
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Calreticulin; Chromosome Deletion; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20; Humans; Leukocytosis; Male; Monocytes; Mutation; Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases; Prognosis
PubMed: 32379880
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020004897 -
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 2021[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.718741.].
Corrigendum: Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Gain-of-Function mPCSK9 Expression in the Mouse Induces Hypercholesterolemia, Monocytosis, Neutrophilia, and a Hypercoagulative State.
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.718741.].
PubMed: 35097032
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.820282 -
Leukemia Research Jul 2023Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is the development of a certain cell lineage which is the cornerstone of hematologic malignancy especially myeloid neoplasms, however, can also... (Review)
Review
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is the development of a certain cell lineage which is the cornerstone of hematologic malignancy especially myeloid neoplasms, however, can also be found in old age (6th-7th decade). CH is caused by many different somatic mutations most commonly in DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1, SF3B1 and TP53. It is detected by different sequencing methods, the most commonly used ones are next generation sequencing (NGS) which can be whole exome, whole genome sequencing or a panel for certain genes. CH is divided into multiple categories depending on the clinical picture associated with it into: clonal monocytosis of undetermined significance (CMUS), clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate significance (CHIP), clonal cytopenia and monocytosis of undetermined significance (CCMUS) and clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS). In order to diagose CH, first other hematologic malignancies must be ruled out CH is also associated with many different entities including lung cancer and some studies have shown that COVID-19 infections are affected by CH. Certain traits and infections are associated with CH including smoking, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. A minority of patients with CH progress to a malignant process (between 0.5 %-2 %) which do not require treatment, however, any patient with CH should be kept under surveillance in order to detect any malignancy early and be treated accordingly. SIMPLE SUMMARY: Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is considered to be the predisposing factor for development of different hematologic neoplasms. With the help of NGS, patients with CH can be monitored more closely. Several studies have shown that these patients might develop hematologic neoplasms in their lifetime. It has been subdivided into multiple groups according to the clinical picture and/or blood counts.
Topics: Humans; Clonal Hematopoiesis; Mutation; Hematopoiesis; COVID-19; Neoplasms; Hematologic Neoplasms; Morbidity; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 37186988
DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2023.107307 -
Lancet (London, England)
Topics: Humans; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytosis; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic; Monocytes
PubMed: 6140576
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(83)90832-2 -
Journal of Psychiatric Research Apr 1992To date, there has been a small number of reports that severe depression is accompanied by disturbances in total white blood cell (i.e. leukocytosis) and leukocyte...
To date, there has been a small number of reports that severe depression is accompanied by disturbances in total white blood cell (i.e. leukocytosis) and leukocyte subset (i.e. neutrophilia, monocytosis, lymphopenia) counts. These results, however, have not yet been validated in a large-scale, well-controlled study. To this end, we have counted the number of leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes and granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) in 22 healthy controls and in 109 depressed inpatients. We noted leukocytosis in major depressed patients compared with normal subjects, whilst minor depressives manifested intermediate findings. Leukocytosis was significantly more pronounced in major depressed males compared with major depressed females. Major depression related leukocytosis appears to be characterized by neutrophilia and monocytosis. There was a significant positive relationship between the overall severity of illness on one hand, and the degrees of leukocytosis, neutrophilia and monocytosis on the other. The total number of both phagocytic cell populations (i.e. monocytes and neutrophils) was significantly and positively related. Our results might point to the existence of an inflammatory process in major depressed subjects, particularly in males.
Topics: Adult; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytosis; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Neutrophils; Phagocytosis
PubMed: 1613679
DOI: 10.1016/0022-3956(92)90004-8 -
Bulletin Du Cancer Mar 2014Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemias (JMML) are rare but severe myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative neoplasms of infancy. They represent about 10 new cases per year in... (Review)
Review
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemias (JMML) are rare but severe myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative neoplasms of infancy. They represent about 10 new cases per year in France and preferentially affect males. JMML are all stem cell diseases the common denominator of which is RAS pathway dysregulation, due to mutations in RAS (NRAS, KRAS) or RAS regulatory components (PTPN11, NF1 or CBL). This leads to an hypersensivity of myeloid progenitors to GM-CSF (granulo-macrophagic colony stimulating factor) which induces in turn excessive monocytic and macrophagic proliferation in blood and bone marrow. All organs can be infiltrated by this monocytic proliferation leading to multisystemic failure. Blast crisis with transformation into acute myeloid leukemia occurs in one third of patients. A salient feature of JMML is their frequent association with predisposition syndromes such as Noonan syndrome, neurofibromatosis and CBL syndrome, which are developmental diseases associated with a constitutional RAS pathway deregulation, now grouped under the name RASopathies. Clinical heterogeneity makes JMML diagnosis difficult. Splenomagaly is the most constant sign. Palor, adenopathy, respiratory or cutaneous symptoms can also be present. Blood smear shows monocytosis (>1×10(9)/L) presence of myeloid progenitors and abnormal basophils. The demonstration of an endogeneous in vitro growth of myeloid progenitors although not very specific can help JMML diagnosis. Nowadays, genetic typing has to be included in the workup of JMML diagnosis and allows to evidence a mutation in more than 90% of cases. JMML have a poor prognosis. The only curative treatment is bone marrow transplantation but approximately 35% of patients relapse. JMML clinical course is highly heterogeneous and unpredictable. Some rare patients have an indolent evolution or even spontaneous remission. Age over two years, thrombopenia below 33×10(9)/L and high foetal hemoglobin (HbF) level for age are poor prognosis criteria but hardly predict individual outcome. Several research directions are currently being explored to improve prognosis prediction and provide more effective targeted treatments.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Comorbidity; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; Humans; Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile; Male; Mutation; Prognosis; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl; Rare Diseases; ras Proteins
PubMed: 24691193
DOI: 10.1684/bdc.2014.1908 -
Infectious Disorders Drug Targets 2020Helicobacter pylori is a slow-growing micro-aerophilic gram-negative organism found in the stomach and duodenum. It is also associated with a number of stomach-duodenal...
BACKGROUND
Helicobacter pylori is a slow-growing micro-aerophilic gram-negative organism found in the stomach and duodenum. It is also associated with a number of stomach-duodenal diseases.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
There are invasive and non-invasive methods to detect Helicobacter pylori infections. In a 13-months period, 101 patients with clinical signs of infection confirmed by biopsy and Rapid Urease test as well as a culture were included in this study.
RESULTS
There were significant correlations between breath urease test, anti-Helicobacter pylori serum IgG and IgA as well as fecal Helicobacter pylori Ag with the gold-standard method, (P=0.001) Moreover, there was a significant correlation between Monocytosis (P= 0.05) and goldstandard method.
CONCLUSION
Based on studies conducted on patients with Helicobacter pylori infection, noninvasive diagnostics methods can be useful in the diagnosis of Helicobacter infections rather than evaluating anti-Helicobacter pylori serum IgM and also increased blood monocytes could be a reliable confirmation for detection. Furthermore, Monocytosis must be considered as a Helicobacter pylori infection at the first step in an area with a high infected percentage.
Topics: Breath Tests; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Leukocytosis; Urease
PubMed: 32634084
DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666200707113955