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The Veterinary Clinics of North... Apr 2023Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is a vector-borne livestock disease caused by vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) or vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV). The... (Review)
Review
Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is a vector-borne livestock disease caused by vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) or vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV). The disease circulates endemically in northern South America, Central America, and Mexico and only occasionally causes outbreaks in the United States. Over the past 20 years, VS outbreaks in the southwestern and Rocky Mountain regions occurred periodically with incursion years followed by virus overwintering and subsequent expansion outbreak years. The regulatory response by animal health officials prevents the spread of disease by animals with lesions and manages trade impacts. Recent US outbreaks highlight potential climate change impacts on insect vectors or other transmission-related variables.
Topics: Horses; United States; Animals; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus; Vesicular Stomatitis; Horse Diseases; Vesiculovirus; Vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus
PubMed: 36737291
DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2022.11.004 -
Archives of Virology Aug 2017In 2017, the order Mononegavirales was expanded by the inclusion of a total of 69 novel species. Five new rhabdovirus genera and one new nyamivirus genus were...
In 2017, the order Mononegavirales was expanded by the inclusion of a total of 69 novel species. Five new rhabdovirus genera and one new nyamivirus genus were established to harbor 41 of these species, whereas the remaining new species were assigned to already established genera. Furthermore, non-Latinized binomial species names replaced all paramyxovirus and pneumovirus species names, thereby accomplishing application of binomial species names throughout the entire order. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
Topics: Gene Order; Genome, Viral; Mononegavirales; Phylogeny; Species Specificity
PubMed: 28389807
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3311-7 -
Archives of Virology Aug 2018In 2018, the order Mononegavirales was expanded by inclusion of 1 new genus and 12 novel species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales...
In 2018, the order Mononegavirales was expanded by inclusion of 1 new genus and 12 novel species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) and summarizes additional taxonomic proposals that may affect the order in the near future.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mononegavirales; Mononegavirales Infections; Phylogeny
PubMed: 29637429
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3814-x -
Archives of Virology Aug 2016In 2016, the order Mononegavirales was emended through the addition of two new families (Mymonaviridae and Sunviridae), the elevation of the paramyxoviral subfamily...
In 2016, the order Mononegavirales was emended through the addition of two new families (Mymonaviridae and Sunviridae), the elevation of the paramyxoviral subfamily Pneumovirinae to family status (Pneumoviridae), the addition of five free-floating genera (Anphevirus, Arlivirus, Chengtivirus, Crustavirus, and Wastrivirus), and several other changes at the genus and species levels. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
Topics: Genome, Viral; Mononegavirales; Phylogeny
PubMed: 27216929
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2880-1 -
Viruses Nov 2019Morbilliviruses are important pathogens, to the point that they have shaped the history of human and animal health [...].
Morbilliviruses are important pathogens, to the point that they have shaped the history of human and animal health [...].
Topics: Animals; Humans; Morbillivirus; Virus Diseases; Virus Internalization; Virus Release; Virus Replication
PubMed: 31703308
DOI: 10.3390/v11111036 -
Uirusu 2012The genus Morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae contains many pathogens, which are important for medicine or veterinary medicine. Because each morbillivirus has... (Review)
Review
The genus Morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae contains many pathogens, which are important for medicine or veterinary medicine. Because each morbillivirus has restricted host range and serologically monotypic, the virus infection and transmission is effectively controlled by vaccinations and surveillance. Rinderpest virus has been eradicated in 2011, and elimination of measles virus progresses worldwide. Recently, a new cell receptor for measles virus, nectin4 was identified. Both SLAM, a molecule expressing on immune cells, and nectin4, a molecule expressing on epithelial cells, are important to infectivity and pathogenicity of the virus.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Distemper; Distemper Virus, Canine; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Epithelial Cells; Genetic Structures; Genome, Viral; Humans; Measles; Measles virus; Morbillivirus; Pneumovirinae; Protein Binding; Receptors, Virus; Rinderpest; Rinderpest virus; Virus Replication
PubMed: 24153228
DOI: 10.2222/jsv.62.175 -
Uirusu 2012Bornaviridae is an enveloped animal virus carrying an 8.9 kb non-segmented, negative-strand RNA genome. The genus bornavirus contains two members infecting vertebrates,... (Review)
Review
Bornaviridae is an enveloped animal virus carrying an 8.9 kb non-segmented, negative-strand RNA genome. The genus bornavirus contains two members infecting vertebrates, Borna disease virus (BDV) and avian bornavirus (ABV), which could preferably infect the nervous systems. BDV causes classical Borna disease, a progressive meningoencephalomyelitis, in horses and sheep, and ABV is known to induce proventricular dilatation disease, a fatal disease characterized by a lymphocytic, plasmacytic inflammation of central and peripheral nervous tissues, in multiple avian species. Recent evidences have demonstrated that bornavirus is unique among RNA viruses as they not only establish a long-lasting, persistent infection in the nucleus, but also integrate their own DNA genome copy into the host chromosome. In this review, I outline the recent knowledge about the unique virological characteristics of bornaviruses, as well as the diseases caused by the infection of BDV and ABV.
Topics: Bornaviridae; Genome, Viral; Genotype; Humans; Mononegavirales Infections; Viral Proteins; Virion; Virus Replication
PubMed: 24153231
DOI: 10.2222/jsv.62.209 -
Virus Research Jan 2002
Review
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Antigens, Viral; Bornaviridae; Humans; Mental Disorders; Mononegavirales Infections; RNA, Viral; Viral Proteins
PubMed: 11885951
DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(01)00387-2 -
Viruses Jul 2022Avian bornaviruses constitute a genetically diverse group of at least 15 viruses belonging to the genus within the family . After the discovery of the first avian... (Review)
Review
Avian bornaviruses constitute a genetically diverse group of at least 15 viruses belonging to the genus within the family . After the discovery of the first avian bornaviruses in diseased psittacines in 2008, further viruses have been detected in passerines and aquatic birds. Parrot bornaviruses (PaBVs) possess the highest veterinary relevance amongst the avian bornaviruses as the causative agents of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD). PDD is a chronic and often fatal disease that may engulf a broad range of clinical presentations, typically including neurologic signs as well as impaired gastrointestinal motility, leading to proventricular dilatation. It occurs worldwide in captive psittacine populations and threatens private bird collections, zoological gardens and rehabilitation projects of endangered species. In contrast, only little is known about the pathogenic roles of passerine and waterbird bornaviruses. This comprehensive review summarizes the current knowledge on avian bornavirus infections, including their taxonomy, pathogenesis of associated diseases, epidemiology, diagnostic strategies and recent developments on prophylactic and therapeutic countermeasures.
Topics: Animals; Bird Diseases; Bornaviridae; Mononegavirales Infections; Parrots
PubMed: 35891493
DOI: 10.3390/v14071513 -
Microscopy (Oxford, England) Jun 2023Filoviruses are filamentous enveloped viruses belonging to the family Filoviridae, in the order Mononegavirales. Some filovirus members, such as Ebola virus and Marburg... (Review)
Review
Filoviruses are filamentous enveloped viruses belonging to the family Filoviridae, in the order Mononegavirales. Some filovirus members, such as Ebola virus and Marburg virus, cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. The filovirus ribonucleoprotein complex, called the nucleocapsid, forms a double-layered helical structure in which a non-segmented, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome is encapsidated by the nucleoprotein (NP), viral protein 35 (VP35), VP24, VP30 and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L). The inner layer consists of the helical NP-RNA complex, acting as a scaffold for the binding of VP35 and VP24 that constitute the outer layer. Recent structural studies using cryo-electron microscopy have advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanism of filovirus nucleocapsid formation. Here, we review the key characteristics of the Ebola virus and Marburg virus nucleocapsid structures, highlighting the similarities and differences between the two viruses. In particular, we focus on the structure of the helical NP-RNA complex, the RNA binding mechanism and the NP-NP interactions in the helix. The structural analyses reveal a possible mechanism of nucleocapsid assembly and provide potential targets for the anti-filovirus drug design.
Topics: Animals; Cryoelectron Microscopy; Nucleocapsid; Ebolavirus; Marburgvirus; Viral Proteins; RNA
PubMed: 36242583
DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfac049