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Virology Feb 2004We present a 8904-nt sequence of the central part of the RNA genome of a novel virus with a filovirus-like, nonidentical morphology named Taastrup virus (TV) detected in...
We present a 8904-nt sequence of the central part of the RNA genome of a novel virus with a filovirus-like, nonidentical morphology named Taastrup virus (TV) detected in the leafhopper Psammotettix alienus. Sequence analysis identified five potential open reading frames (ORFs) and a complex pattern of homologies to various members of the Mononegavirales suggests a genome organization with the following order of genes: 3'-N-P-M-G-L-5'. Sequence analyses reveal an unusually large glycoprotein (G) containing both potential O-linked (14) and N-linked (9) glycosylation sites-a feature shared with the glycoproteins of Filoviridae and Pneumovirinae, and a nucleoprotein (N) with homology to the nucleoprotein of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), a member of the Rhabdoviridae. Highly conserved domains were identified in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L) between TV and other viruses within the order of Mononegavirales, and homology was found in particular with members of the Rhabdoviridae. The sequence similarities and the unique filovirus-like but nonidentical morphology unambiguously refer this newly identified virus to the order of Mononegavirales but to no family more than any, to other within the order.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Genome, Viral; Glycoproteins; Hemiptera; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Molecular Sequence Data; Mononegavirales; Open Reading Frames; Phylogeny; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Viral Proteins
PubMed: 14967487
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2003.10.017 -
Journal of Virology May 2009Here, we report the sequencing and classification of Nyamanini virus (NYMV) and Midway virus (MIDWV), two antigenically related viruses that were first isolated in 1957...
Here, we report the sequencing and classification of Nyamanini virus (NYMV) and Midway virus (MIDWV), two antigenically related viruses that were first isolated in 1957 and 1966, respectively. Although these viruses have been cultured multiple times from cattle egrets, seabirds, and their ticks, efforts to classify them taxonomically using conventional serological and electron microscopic approaches have failed completely. We used a random shotgun sequencing strategy to define the genomes of NYMV and MIDWV. Contigs of 11,631 and 11,752 nucleotides, representing the complete genome of NYMV and the near-complete genome of MIDWV, respectively, were assembled. Each virus genome was predicted to carry six open reading frames (ORFs). BLAST analysis indicated that only two of the ORF proteins of each virus, the putative nucleocapsid and polymerase, had detectable sequence similarity to known viral proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of these ORF proteins demonstrated that the closest relatives of NYNV and MIDWV are negative-stranded-RNA viruses in the order Mononegavirales. On the basis of their very limited sequence similarity to known viruses, we propose that NYMV and MIDWV define a novel genus, Nyavirus, in this order.
Topics: Animals; Chlorocebus aethiops; Contig Mapping; Genome, Viral; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Mononegavirales; Open Reading Frames; Phylogeny; RNA, Viral; Ticks; Vero Cells; Viruses, Unclassified
PubMed: 19279111
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02667-08 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Jan 2018Avian ganglioneuritis (AG) comprises one of the most intricate pathologies in avian medicine and is researched worldwide. Avian bornavirus (ABV) has been shown to be a... (Review)
Review
Avian ganglioneuritis (AG) comprises one of the most intricate pathologies in avian medicine and is researched worldwide. Avian bornavirus (ABV) has been shown to be a causative agent of proventricular dilatation disease in birds. The avian Bornaviridae represent a genetically diverse group of viruses that are widely distributed in captive and wild populations around the world. ABV and other infective agents are implicated as a cause of the autoimmune pathology that leads to AG, similar to human Guillain Barrè syndrome. Management of affected birds is beneficial and currently centered at reducing neurologic inflammation, managing secondary complications, and providing nutritional support.
Topics: Animals; Bird Diseases; Bornaviridae; Mononegavirales Infections; Neuritis; Parrots
PubMed: 29146031
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2017.08.009 -
Infection, Genetics and Evolution :... Oct 2011Sporadic fatal outbreaks of disease in humans and non-human primates caused by Ebola or Marburg viruses have driven research into the characterization of these viruses... (Review)
Review
Sporadic fatal outbreaks of disease in humans and non-human primates caused by Ebola or Marburg viruses have driven research into the characterization of these viruses with the hopes of identifying host tropisms and potential reservoirs. Such an understanding of the relatedness of newly discovered filoviruses may help to predict risk factors for outbreaks of hemorrhagic disease in humans and/or non-human primates. Recent discoveries such as three distinct genotypes of Reston ebolavirus, unexpectedly discovered in domestic swine in the Philippines; as well as a new species, Bundibugyo ebolavirus; the recent discovery of Lloviu virus as a potential new genus, Cuevavirus, within Filoviridae; and germline integrations of filovirus-like sequences in some animal species bring new insights into the relatedness of filoviruses, their prevalence and potential for transmission to humans. These new findings reveal that filoviruses are more diverse and may have had a greater influence on the evolution of animals than previously thought. Herein we review these findings with regard to the implications for understanding the host range, prevalence and transmission of Filoviridae.
Topics: Animals; Disease Reservoirs; Ebolavirus; Filoviridae; Filoviridae Infections; Genome, Viral; Humans; Marburgvirus; Phylogeny; Swine
PubMed: 21742058
DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.06.017 -
Viruses Dec 2021Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), the founding member of the mononegavirus order (), was found to be a negative strand RNA virus in the 1960s, and since then the number... (Review)
Review
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), the founding member of the mononegavirus order (), was found to be a negative strand RNA virus in the 1960s, and since then the number of such viruses has continually increased with no end in sight. Sendai virus (SeV) was noted soon afterwards due to an outbreak of newborn pneumonitis in Japan whose putative agent was passed in mice, and nowadays this mouse virus is mainly the bane of animal houses and immunologists. However, SeV was important in the study of this class of viruses because, like flu, it grows to high titers in embryonated chicken eggs, facilitating the biochemical characterization of its infection and that of its nucleocapsid, which is very close to that of measles virus (MeV). This review and opinion piece follow SeV as more is known about how various mononegaviruses express their genetic information and carry out their RNA synthesis, and proposes a unified model based on what all MNV have in common.
Topics: Animals; Genome, Viral; Humans; Mononegavirales; Mononegavirales Infections; RNA, Viral; Respirovirus Infections; Sendai virus
PubMed: 34960735
DOI: 10.3390/v13122466 -
Viruses Aug 2023A new filovirus named Měnglà virus was found in bats in southern China in 2015. This species has been assigned to the new genus and has only been detected in China....
A new filovirus named Měnglà virus was found in bats in southern China in 2015. This species has been assigned to the new genus and has only been detected in China. In this article, we report the detection of filoviruses in bats captured in Vietnam. We studied 248 bats of 15 species caught in the provinces of Lai Chau and Son La in northern Vietnam and in the province of Dong Thap in the southern part of the country. Filovirus RNA was found in four and one from Lai Chau Province. Phylogenetic analysis of the polymerase gene fragment showed that three positive samples belong to , and two samples form a separate clade closer to . An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that 9% of , 13% of , and 10% of bats had antibodies to the glycoprotein of marburgviruses.
Topics: Animals; Filoviridae; Chiroptera; Vietnam; Phylogeny; Marburgvirus
PubMed: 37766193
DOI: 10.3390/v15091785 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Apr 2024Langya virus (LayV) is a recently discovered henipavirus (HNV), isolated from febrile patients in China. HNV entry into host cells is mediated by the attachment (G) and...
Langya virus (LayV) is a recently discovered henipavirus (HNV), isolated from febrile patients in China. HNV entry into host cells is mediated by the attachment (G) and fusion (F) glycoproteins which are the main targets of neutralizing antibodies. We show here that the LayV F and G glycoproteins promote membrane fusion with human, mouse, and hamster target cells using a different, yet unknown, receptor than Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) and that NiV- and HeV-elicited monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies do not cross-react with LayV F and G. We determined cryoelectron microscopy structures of LayV F, in the prefusion and postfusion states, and of LayV G, revealing their conformational landscape and distinct antigenicity relative to NiV and HeV. We computationally designed stabilized LayV G constructs and demonstrate the generalizability of an HNV F prefusion-stabilization strategy. Our data will support the development of vaccines and therapeutics against LayV and closely related HNVs.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Cryoelectron Microscopy; Nipah Virus; Hendra Virus; Glycoproteins; Henipavirus Infections; Virus Internalization; Henipavirus
PubMed: 38593070
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314990121 -
Vaccine May 2014The impact of morbilliviruses on both human and animal populations is well documented in the history of mankind. Indeed, prior to the development of vaccines for these... (Review)
Review
The impact of morbilliviruses on both human and animal populations is well documented in the history of mankind. Indeed, prior to the development of vaccines for these diseases, morbilliviruses plagued both humans and their livestock that were heavily relied upon for food and motor power within communities. Measles virus (MeV) was responsible for the death of millions of people annually across the world and those fortunate enough to escape the disease often faced starvation where their livestock had died following infection with rinderpest virus (RPV) or peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). Canine distemper virus has affected dog populations for centuries and in the past few decades appears to have jumped species, now causing disease in a number of non-canid species, some of which are been pushed to the brink of extinction by the virus. During the age of vaccination, the introduction and successful application of vaccines against rinderpest and measles has led to the eradication of the former and the greater control of the latter. Vaccines against PPR and canine distemper have also been generated; however, the diseases still pose a threat to susceptible species. Here we review the currently available vaccines against these four morbilliviruses and discuss the prospects for the development of new generation vaccines.
Topics: Animals; Distemper Virus, Canine; Dogs; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Measles virus; Morbillivirus; Morbillivirus Infections; Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus; Rinderpest virus; Ruminants; Vaccination; Vaccines, Attenuated; Vaccines, DNA; Viral Vaccines
PubMed: 24703852
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.053 -
The Enzymes 2021Viruses with negative-strand RNA genomes (NSVs) include many highly pathogenic and economically devastating disease-causing agents of humans, livestock, and... (Review)
Review
Viruses with negative-strand RNA genomes (NSVs) include many highly pathogenic and economically devastating disease-causing agents of humans, livestock, and plants-highlighted by recent Ebola and measles virus epidemics, and continuously circulating influenza virus. Because of their protein-coding orientation, NSVs face unique challenges for efficient gene expression and genome replication. To overcome these barriers, NSVs deliver a large and multifunctional RNA-dependent RNA polymerase into infected host cells. NSV-encoded polymerases contain all the enzymatic activities required for transcription and replication of their genome-including RNA synthesis and mRNA capping. Here, we review the structures and functions of NSV polymerases with a focus on key domains responsible for viral replication and gene expression. We highlight shared and unique features among polymerases of NSVs from the Mononegavirales, Bunyavirales, and Articulavirales orders.
Topics: Humans; Mononegavirales; RNA Viruses; RNA, Viral; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase; Virus Replication
PubMed: 34861938
DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2021.09.002 -
Archives of Virology. Supplementum 1993The family Filoviridae contains extremely pathogenic human viruses causing a fulminating, febrile hemorrhagic disease. Filoviruses are enveloped, filamentous particles... (Review)
Review
The family Filoviridae contains extremely pathogenic human viruses causing a fulminating, febrile hemorrhagic disease. Filoviruses are enveloped, filamentous particles with a nonsegmented negative-strand RNA genome showing the gene arrangement 3'-NP-VP35-VP40-GP-VP30-VP24-L-5'. Genes are flanked by highly conserved transcriptional signals and are generally separated by variable intergenic regions. They are transcribed into monocistronic polyadenylated messenger RNAs which contain relatively long 5' and 3' untranslated regions. Seven structural proteins are encoded by the genome of which four form the helical nucleocapsid (NP-VP35-VP30-L), two are membrane-associated (VP40-VP24), and one is a transmembrane glycoprotein (GP). Comparison of filovirus genomes with those of other nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses suggest comparable mechanisms of transcription and replication and a common evolutionary lineage for all these viruses. Sequence analyses of single genes, however, showed that filoviruses are more closely related to paramyxoviruses, particularly human respiratory syncytial virus. These data support the concept of the taxonomic order Mononegavirales for all nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses and the classification of Marburg virus, Ebola virus, and Reston virus in the family Filoviridae, separate from the families Paramyxoviridae and Rhabdoviridae.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Biological Evolution; Filoviridae; Genes, Viral; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; RNA, Viral; Viral Proteins
PubMed: 8219816
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-9300-6_8