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Nature Medicine Oct 2004
Topics: Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Biogenic Monoamines; Depression; Drug Design; Humans; Pharmacology, Clinical; Suicide
PubMed: 15459689
DOI: 10.1038/nm1004-1010 -
World Journal of Psychiatry Dec 2021Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by mood swings. Psychosocial interventions, such as psychoeducation, play an essential role in...
BACKGROUND
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by mood swings. Psychosocial interventions, such as psychoeducation, play an essential role in promoting social rehabilitation and improving pharmacological treatment.
AIM
To investigate the role of psychoeducation in BD.
METHODS
A systematic review of original studies regarding psychoeducation interventions in patients with BD and their relatives was developed. A systematic literature search was performed using the Medline, Scopus, and Lilacs databases. No review articles or qualitative studies were included in the analysis. There were no date restriction criteria, and studies published up to April 2021 were included.
RESULTS
A total of forty-seven studies were selected for this review. Thirty-eight studies included patients, and nine included family members. Psychoeducation of patients and family members was associated with a lower number of new mood episodes and a reduction in number and length of stay of hospitalizations. Psychoeducational interventions with patients are associated with improved adherence to drug treatment. The strategies studied in patients and family members do not interfere with the severity of symptoms of mania or depression or with the patient's quality of life or functionality. Psychoeducational interventions with family members do not alter patients' adherence to pharmacotherapy.
CONCLUSION
Psychoeducation as an adjunct strategy to pharmacotherapy in the treatment of BD leads to a reduction in the frequency of new mood episodes, length of hospital stay and adherence to drug therapy.
PubMed: 35070785
DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i12.1407 -
Current Problems in Pediatric and... May 2022Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) represent two premenstrual disorders characterized by physical and psychological symptoms that...
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) represent two premenstrual disorders characterized by physical and psychological symptoms that occur in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, prior to the onset of menses, and have a negative impact on the psychosocial functioning of affected individuals. PMS, more common than PMDD, affects 20-40% of menstruating women, with common symptoms including fatigue, irritability, mood swings, depression, abdominal bloating, breast tenderness, acne, changes in appetite and food cravings. PMDD, affecting a smaller percentage of women, is characterized by more severe symptoms and is listed as a depressive disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). While the pathophysiology of these premenstrual disorders remains unclear, it has been hypothesized that sensitivity to hormonal fluctuations during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, abnormal serotonergic activity, and aberrations in progesterone and the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) may all play a role in these disorders. Treatment of PMS and PMDD is focused on alleviation of symptoms and improvement of functioning and quality of life for affected individuals. The treatment of severe PMS and PMDD typically requires pharmacologic therapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, and non-contraceptive estrogen formulations. Non-pharmacologic treatment with diet, exercise, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), certain vitamin and herbal supplements, and acupuncture may additionally be effective for some individuals.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Mood Disorders; Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder; Premenstrual Syndrome; Quality of Life; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
PubMed: 35534402
DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2022.101187 -
Psychiatria Polska Dec 2022Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) is a chronic mental disorder, characterised by mood swings, alternating between depression and manic or hypomanic episodes.... (Review)
Review
Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) is a chronic mental disorder, characterised by mood swings, alternating between depression and manic or hypomanic episodes. Unfortunately, in some patients pharmacological treatment does not bring satisfactory results, and a certain group of patients shows resistance to treatment. Therefore, other treatment methods are sought after, including a change in diet. The most promising nutrition model is the ketogenic diet. In the presented case study of a male patient, thanks to the introduction of the ketogenic diet, full remission of the disease was achieved, doses of lamotrigine were reduced and quetiapine was completely discontinued. Previously, neither lamotrigine monotherapy nor combined treatment with quetiapine achieved euthymia. The effects of the diet may be related to, among others, the influence on ionic channels and increase in blood acidity (similarly to mood stabilisers), increase in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration, modulation of GABAA receptors and blocking of AMPA receptors by medium-chain fatty acids. The ketogenic diet influences glutamate metabolism and nerve cell metabolism, which uses ketone bodies as energy sources. Ketosis can also stimulate the biogenesis of mitochondria, improve brain metabolism, act as a neuroprotective factor, as well as increase glutathione synthesis and reduce oxidative stress. However, there is a need for carefully planned studies, with an appropriate representative group, to verify the potential benefits and risks of introducing the ketogenic diet in patients with BPAD.
Topics: Humans; Male; Bipolar Disorder; Lamotrigine; Diet, Ketogenic; Quetiapine Fumarate; Mood Disorders; Anticonvulsants
PubMed: 37098202
DOI: 10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/136356 -
L'Encephale Dec 2022What is mood? Despite its crucial place in psychiatric nosography and cognitive science, it is still difficult to delimit its conceptual ground. The distinction between...
What is mood? Despite its crucial place in psychiatric nosography and cognitive science, it is still difficult to delimit its conceptual ground. The distinction between emotion and mood is ambiguous: mood is often presented as an affective state that is more prolonged and less intense than emotion, or as an affective polarity distinguishing high and low mood swinging around a baseline. However, these definitions do not match the clinical reality of mood disorders such as unipolar depression and bipolar disorder, and do not allow us to understand the effect of mood on behaviour, perception and cognition. In this paper, we propose a multidimensional and computational theory of mood inspired by contemporary hypotheses in theoretical neuroscience and philosophy of emotion. After suggesting an operational distinction between emotion and mood, we show how a succession of emotions can cumulatively generate congruent mood over time, making mood an emerging state from emotion. We then present how mood determines mental and behavioral states when interacting with the environment, constituting a dispositional state of emotion, perception, belief, and action. Using this theoretical framework, we propose a computational representation of the emerging and dispositional dimensions of mood by formalizing mood as a layer of third-order Bayesian beliefs encoding the precision of emotion, and regulated by prediction errors associated with interoceptive predictions. Finally, we show how this theoretical framework sheds light on the processes involved in mood disorders, the emergence of mood congruent beliefs, or the mechanisms of antidepressant treatments in clinical psychiatry.
Topics: Humans; Bayes Theorem; Affect; Emotions; Mood Disorders; Bipolar Disorder
PubMed: 35987716
DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2022.02.002 -
Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde 2012Behavioural changes, such as hyperactivity, aggression, mood swings and agitation may occur during the use of inhaled corticosteroids. Children are particularly...
Behavioural changes, such as hyperactivity, aggression, mood swings and agitation may occur during the use of inhaled corticosteroids. Children are particularly vulnerable to this possible adverse drug reaction. As this side effect is reversible, timely recognition is important in order to prevent unnecessary diagnostic investigations and problems at home or at school. In this article we present two patients, a seven-year-old boy and a nine-year-old girl, who illustrate the importance of awareness of this unwanted effect of inhaled corticosteroids.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Androstadienes; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Child; Female; Fluticasone; Humans; Male; Psychomotor Agitation
PubMed: 22748370
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Affective Disorders Jun 2024Mood swings is linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the causal relationships between them remain unknown.
BACKGROUND
Mood swings is linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the causal relationships between them remain unknown.
METHODS
We conducted this Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the causal associations between mood swings (n = 373,733) and 5 CVDs, including CAD, MI, HF, AF, and stroke using summary data of large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS). FinnGen datasets validated the results. Various MR approaches, sensitivity analyses, multivariable MR (MVMR), and two-step MR mediation analyses were applied.
RESULTS
The MR analysis revealed significant causal effects of mood swings on CAD (OR = 1.45, 95 % CI 1.24-1.71; P = 5.52e-6), MI (OR = 1.60, 95 % CI 1.32-1.95; P = 1.77e-6), HF (OR = 1.42, 95 % CI 1.18-1.71; P = 2.32e-4), and stroke (OR = 1.48, 95 % CI 1.19-1.83; P = 3.46e-4), excluding AF (P = 0.16). In the reverse MR analysis, no causal relationships were observed. The results were reproducible using FinnGen data. In the MVMR analysis, the causal effects of mood swings on CAD, MI, HF and stroke still remain significant after adjusting potential confounding factors including BMI, smoking and T2DM, but not for LDL and hypertension. Further mediation analysis indicated hypertension may mediate the causal pathways from mood swings to CAD (18.11 %, 95 % CI: 8.83 %-27.39 %), MI (16.40 %, 95 % CI: 7.93 %-24.87 %), HF (13.06 %, 95 % CI: 6.25 %-19.86 %), and stroke (18.04 %, 95 % CI: 8.73 %-27.34 %).
CONCLUSION
Mood swings has a significant causal impact on the development of CAD, MI, HF, and stroke, partly mediated by hypertension.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Genome-Wide Association Study; Hypertension; Stroke
PubMed: 38518854
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.076 -
Depression and Anxiety Jun 2012Over the last three decades, cyclothymia has been positioned in one of two principal ways: formally classified as a mood disorder, and less formally categorized at a... (Review)
Review
Over the last three decades, cyclothymia has been positioned in one of two principal ways: formally classified as a mood disorder, and less formally categorized at a "cyclothymic temperament" (CT) level. This review considers its historic evolution and provides five models for conceptualizing independence or interdependence between cyclothymia as a temperament style and as a formal mood disorder. Findings argue for CT to be conceded and appropriately defined. Secondly, it is recommended that cyclothymia's expression as a mood disorder should be positioned within the bipolar II disorder class-albeit perhaps having briefer mood swings and fewer episodes, more rapid cycling, and greater reactivity to environmental factors than is conceptualized currently for bipolar II disorders. By allowing cyclothymia both axis I and axis II status (although necessitating differing terminology), research evaluating any shared biological underpinnings and any predisposition provided by the CT temperament style to a later formalized bipolar II condition would be advanced.
Topics: Antimanic Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Cyclothymic Disorder; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Lithium Compounds; Mood Disorders; Personality; Temperament
PubMed: 22553122
DOI: 10.1002/da.21950 -
Neuropsychopharmacology : Official... Oct 2022Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a pervasive and devastating mental illness with high comorbidity rates with other mental disorders. Understanding the genetic architecture...
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a pervasive and devastating mental illness with high comorbidity rates with other mental disorders. Understanding the genetic architecture of this comorbidity could be improved by focusing on intermediate traits that show positive genetic correlation with the disorders. Thus, we aimed to characterize the shared vs. unique polygenicity of AUD, alcohol consumption (AC) and mood instability (MOOD) -beyond genetic correlation, and boost discovery for jointly-associated loci. Summary statistics for MOOD (a binary measure of the tendency to report frequent mood swings), AC (number of standard drinks over a typical consumption week) and AUD GWASs (Ns > 200,000) were analyzed to characterize the cross-phenotype associations between MOOD and AC, MOOD and AUD and AC and AUD. To do so, we used a newly established pipeline that combines (i) the bivariate causal mixture model (MiXeR) to quantify polygenic overlap and (ii) the conjunctional false discovery rate (conjFDR) to discover specific jointly associated genomic loci, which were mapped to genes and biological functions. MOOD was highly polygenic (10.4k single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs, SD = 2k) compared to AC (4.9k SNPs, SD = 0.6k) and AUD (4.3k SNPs, SD = 2k). The polygenic overlap of MOOD and AC was twice that of MOOD and AUD (98% vs. 49%), with opposite genetic correlation (-0.2 vs. 0.23), as confirmed in independent samples. MOOD&AUD associated SNPs were significantly enriched for brain genes, conversely to MOOD&AC. Among 38 jointly associated loci, fifteen were novel for MOOD, AC and AUD. MOOD, AC and AUD were also strongly associated at the phenotypic level. Overall, using multilevel polygenic quantification, joint loci discovery and functional annotation methods, we evidenced that the polygenic overlap between MOOD and AC/AUD implicated partly shared biological underpinnings, yet, clearly distinct functional patterns between MOOD&AC and MOOD&AUD, suggesting new mechanisms for the comorbidity of AUD with mood disorders.
Topics: Alcoholism; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Multifactorial Inheritance; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 35953530
DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01401-6