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Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 2009In this article, the psychological hallmarks of skilled golfers (professionals and amateurs with handicaps of =4) are investigated. Professional golfers believe that... (Review)
Review
In this article, the psychological hallmarks of skilled golfers (professionals and amateurs with handicaps of =4) are investigated. Professional golfers believe that attitude, desire and motivation are important psychological qualities necessary to succeed in tournaments. They are committed to golf, have goals they strive for, make plans, evaluate their performance and systematically train towards improving their game. The study of skilled golfers' traits, as measured by 16 personality factors, has provided ambiguous results and there may be more complex associations not yet investigated in golf. The effect of mood and emotions on golf scores seems to be individual. Differences in personality may explain why mood states, measured by mood state profiles, have not shown a strong correlation to golf scores. Task focus, confidence, imagery, patience, ability to focus on one shot at a time and performing automatically have been found to be important during competition. These variables need to be further researched before, during and after the swing. The psychological processes needed before, during and after the swing differ and should be further specified. A decrease in heart rate and a lower cortical activity moment before the swing may be signs of an optimal performance state. The effect of coping strategies may vary over time, and players should be able to switch and combine different strategies. Pre-shot routine is associated with performance. However, it is not clear if consistency of total duration and behavioural content in pre-shot routine cause improved performance. Pre-shot routine may also be an effect of psychological processes, such as a different task focus. It may facilitate an automatic execution of technique, which can lead to better performance. The psychological variables needed for competitive golf should be related to the physical, technical and game-statistical variables in coaching and future research.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Affect; Attention; Cues; Emotions; Golf; Habits; Heart Rate; Humans; Sports Medicine; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 19757862
DOI: 10.2165/11317760-000000000-00000 -
Climacteric : the Journal of the... Aug 2003Although the short-term and long-term clinical benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are well documented, there is a growing revival of interest in psychosocial... (Review)
Review
Although the short-term and long-term clinical benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are well documented, there is a growing revival of interest in psychosocial and holistic approaches to the menopause and its treatment. The menopause occurs at a time of life when women are facing many threats and challenges, and it is important not to identify the menopause erroneously as the sole reason for reductions in the quality of life of such individuals. Most women attending a menopause clinic complain of psychological symptoms such as mood swings, rather than purely physical symptoms, and it is likely that the physiological correlates of such psychological symptoms have been underestimated. Much of the distress experienced by menopausal women is also linked to their beliefs and perceptions relating to the processes that they are experiencing, and to misinformation and myths with which they may be burdened. An awareness of this complex scenario by clinicians helps them to treat their patients more effectively and to prescribe appropriate HRT on an individual patient basis.
Topics: Estrogen Replacement Therapy; Female; Humans; Menopause; Mood Disorders
PubMed: 14669842
DOI: No ID Found -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Aug 2019Several studies have shown cerebellar abnormalities during depressive and manic states, although the specific cerebellar role in mood fluctuations remains poorly...
BACKGROUND
Several studies have shown cerebellar abnormalities during depressive and manic states, although the specific cerebellar role in mood fluctuations remains poorly defined. Therefore, the study of pathologies characterized by frequent mood swings, such as bipolar disorder, is of great interest to investigate the relationship between the cerebellum and mood alterations.
METHODS
A systematic literature search on the occurrence of mood disorders in patients with cerebellar pathologies (1 research strategy) and on the presence of cerebellar alterations in mood disorders (2 research strategy) was conducted using the PubMed electronic Internet database. For this systematic review all information was written based on the PRISMA-P statement.
RESULTS
The results of the 1 research strategy generated 9 articles, and in one of these, a direct correlation between cerebellar damage and the onset of mood disorder was reported. The 2 research strategy generated 14 articles that were grouped according to the patient's mood phase (manic or depressive) or diagnosis (bipolar I or bipolar II).
CONCLUSIONS
The present review suggests that the cerebellum should be considered a key structure involved in the regulation of mood.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Cerebellar Diseases; Humans
PubMed: 31195001
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.008 -
Revue Medicale de Liege Feb 2023Affective instability is a common phenomenon in adults. It may be the expression of underlying organic or psychiatric conditions. This is a potentially disabling symptom...
Affective instability is a common phenomenon in adults. It may be the expression of underlying organic or psychiatric conditions. This is a potentially disabling symptom for the individual, which can cause psychological distress and even consequences in daily life functioning. This article is intended for any healthcare professional and aims to clarify the assessment and diagnostic approach to a patient with mood swings.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Mood Disorders; Affect
PubMed: 36799329
DOI: No ID Found -
Praxis Apr 2022The non-medical use of image- and performance-enhancing drugs (IPEDs) is widespread in the fitness and bodybuilding scene. The reasons for IPED use are often hedonistic...
The non-medical use of image- and performance-enhancing drugs (IPEDs) is widespread in the fitness and bodybuilding scene. The reasons for IPED use are often hedonistic in nature and they are used in so-called "cycles" over several weeks. The most common side effects are: testicular atrophy, acne, hypersexuality, hypertension, gynecomastia, lipid metabolism disorders, mood swings, hair loss, and policythemia. Common consequences following IPED use are: decreased libido, oligo- or azoospermia, and erectile dysfunction. To reduce undesirable side effects and consequences, IPED users often take medications for self-treatment; occasionally IPED users also mention such medications and ask for them in the general medical practice.
Topics: Exercise; Humans; Male; Performance-Enhancing Substances
PubMed: 35473328
DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003874 -
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 2008Diurnal variation of depressive symptoms appears to be part of the core of depression. Yet, longitudinal investigation of an individual's pattern, regularity, relation... (Review)
Review
Diurnal variation of depressive symptoms appears to be part of the core of depression. Yet, longitudinal investigation of an individual's pattern, regularity, relation to clinical state, and clinical improvement reveals little homogeneity. Morning lows, afternoon slump, evening worsening-all can occur during a single depressive episode. Mood variability, or the propensity to produce mood swings, appears to be the characteristic that most predicts capacity to respond to treatment. Laboratory studies have revealed that mood, like physiological variables such as core body temperature, is regulated by a circadian clock interacting with the sleep homeostat. Many depressed patients, particularly bipolar patients, show delayed sleep phase (late chronotype). Even small shifts in the timing and duration of sleep affect mood state (sleep deprivation and sleep phase advance have an antidepressant effect). The implications for treatment are to stabilize mood state by enhancing synchronization of the sleep-wake cycle with the biological clock (eg, with light therapy).
Topics: Circadian Rhythm; Depression; Humans
PubMed: 18979947
DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2008.10.3/awjustice -
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... Dec 2013Mood disorders show a common feature of distorted cycling of biological systems, manifesting, for example, as diurnal mood variation in depression, phasic time course in... (Review)
Review
Mood disorders show a common feature of distorted cycling of biological systems, manifesting, for example, as diurnal mood variation in depression, phasic time course in bipolar disorder, and seasonal mood swing in seasonal affective disorder. Accordingly, circadian dysfunction has been supposed to play an etiological role in mood disorders. Increasing evidence indicates that circadian misalignment between neuroendocrinological rhythm and the timing of sleep correlates with the severity of symptoms. In addition, several genetic studies have suggested that certain clock gene variants play a role in vulnerability to these disorders, and especially bipolar disorders. However, the role of circadian phenotypes and circadian genes in mood spectrum disorders remains unclear, although currently seem to have a pathoplastic rather than a pathogenetic effect.
Topics: Animals; CLOCK Proteins; Circadian Rhythm; Depression; Humans; Mood Disorders; Seasons; Sleep
PubMed: 24437274
DOI: No ID Found -
Medical Hypotheses Oct 2015Impulsivity, the tendency to act without adequate forethought, has been associated with various internalizing disorders. Mood instability, the tendency to experience...
Impulsivity, the tendency to act without adequate forethought, has been associated with various internalizing disorders. Mood instability, the tendency to experience rapid and intense mood swings, relates to both internalizing disorders and impulsivity. We hypothesized that the association between mood instability and impulsivity accounts for the relationship between impulsivity and internalizing psychopathology. We conducted two studies to test our hypothesis. In Study 1 we used data from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey to examine mood instability in the relationship between depression and impulsivity. Mood instability and impulsivity were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-II Personality Disorders and depression was assessed with the revised Clinical Interview Schedule. In Study 2 we used data from the 1984 and 1991 British Health and Lifestyle Surveys to examine mood instability in the longitudinal relationship between impulsivity and internalizing symptoms. Mood instability and impulsivity were measured with the Eysenck Personality Inventory and internalizing symptoms were assessed with the General Health Questionnaire. In both studies we used a sequential regression analysis to test our hypothesis. Results from Study 1 showed that participants with depression were more likely to report impulsivity, but this effect became nonsignificant when mood instability was included in the same regression model. In Study 2 impulsivity predicted internalizing symptoms seven years in the future, but this effect became nonsignificant after mood instability was included in the same regression model. We conclude that impulsivity relates to internalizing psychopathology largely by being associated with mood instability. Research and therapy for internalizing conditions might be more productively directed at mood instability rather than impulsivity.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Aged; Algorithms; Cross-Sectional Studies; Decision Making; Depression; England; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Linear Models; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Psychometrics; Regression Analysis; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 26182976
DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.06.026 -
Cureus Oct 2023This conversation with ChatGPT explores the use of lithium in pregnancy for bipolar disorder, a topic of significant importance in psychiatry. Bipolar disorder is...
This conversation with ChatGPT explores the use of lithium in pregnancy for bipolar disorder, a topic of significant importance in psychiatry. Bipolar disorder is characterized by extreme mood swings, and its prevalence varies globally. ChatGPT provides valuable information on bipolar disorder, its prevalence, age of onset, and gender differences. It also discusses the use of lithium during pregnancy, emphasizing the need for individualized decisions, close monitoring, and potential risks and benefits. However, it is essential to note that ChatGPT's responses lack specific references, raising concerns about the reliability of the information provided. Further research is needed to quantify the correctness and dependability of ChatGPT-generated answers in the healthcare context.
PubMed: 37933339
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46548 -
Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy Mar 2020Behavioural experiments are an important component of cognitive-behavioural therapy. However, there exists little up-to-date guidance on how to conduct these in people... (Review)
Review
Behavioural experiments are an important component of cognitive-behavioural therapy. However, there exists little up-to-date guidance on how to conduct these in people with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. This paper provides recommendations on how to conduct behavioural experiments in this population. The aim is to upskill and empower clinicians to conduct behavioural experiments. The paper combines the expertise of senior clinicians working in the United Kingdom. The article starts by providing general advice on conducting behavioural experiments in people with bipolar disorder. It then offers specific examples of behavioural experiments targeting cognitions around the uncontrollability and danger of affective states, and related behavioural strategies, which have been implicated in the maintenance of bipolar mood swings. The article finishes by providing examples of behavioural experiments for non-mood related difficulties that commonly occur with bipolar experiences including perfectionistic thinking, need for approval, and intrusive memories. Behavioural experiments offer a useful therapeutic technique for instigating cognitive and behavioural change in bipolar disorder. Conducted sensitively and collaboratively, in line with people's recovery-focused goals, behavioural experiments can be used to overcome mood- and non-mood related difficulties.
Topics: Behavioral Research; Bipolar Disorder; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Humans; United Kingdom
PubMed: 31830342
DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2415