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The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1999Bipolar disorder is a lifelong episodic condition characterized by mood swings between mania and depression. In the United States alone, approximately 4 million people... (Review)
Review
Bipolar disorder is a lifelong episodic condition characterized by mood swings between mania and depression. In the United States alone, approximately 4 million people are affected by this disorder. Pharmacologic treatment for acute manic episodes or as maintenance therapy includes lithium, valproate, carbamazepine, and typical antipsychotics. However, many patients fail to respond to these treatments due to lack of efficacy or production of side effects leading to patient noncompliance. Non-compliance with pharmacologic treatment is indeed a major risk factor in bipolar disorder patients and needs to be managed with ongoing education, psychotherapy, and a simplified but effective pharmacologic treatment regimen. Recently introduced novel antipsychotics show much promise as mood-stabilizing agents in bipolar patients, with minimal risk of treatment-emergent extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia. Nonetheless, further research is warranted to help clarify the role of novel antipsychotics in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
Topics: Acute Disease; Algorithms; Anticonvulsants; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Bipolar Disorder; Carbamazepine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Lithium; Olanzapine; Pirenzepine; Research Design; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome; Treatment Refusal; Valproic Acid
PubMed: 10192405
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2022Psychiatric traits have been associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in observational studies, although their causal relationships remain uncertain. We used...
BACKGROUND
Psychiatric traits have been associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in observational studies, although their causal relationships remain uncertain. We used Mendelian randomization analyses to infer causality between psychiatric traits and ICH.
METHODS
We collected data from genome-wide association studies of ICH ( = 361,194) and eight psychiatric traits among Europeans, including mood swings ( = 451,619), major depressive disorder ( = 480,359), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( = 53,293), anxiety ( = 459,560), insomnia ( = 462,341), schizophrenia ( = 77,096), neuroticism ( = 374,323), and bipolar disorder ( = 51,710). We performed a series of bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization and related sensitivity analyses. A Bonferroni corrected threshold of < 0.00625 (0.05/8) was considered to be significant, and < 0.05 was considered suggestive of evidence for a potential association.
RESULTS
Mendelian randomization analyses revealed suggestive positive causality of mood swings on ICH (odds ratio = 1.006, 95% confidence interval = 1.001-1.012, = 0.046), and the result was consistent after sensitivity analysis. However, major depressive disorder ( = 0.415), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( = 0.456), anxiety ( = 0.664), insomnia ( = 0.699), schizophrenia ( = 0.799), neuroticism ( = 0.140), and bipolar disorder ( = 0.443) are not significantly associated with the incidence of ICH. In the reverse Mendelian randomization analyses, no causal effects of ICH on mood swings ( = 0.565), major depressive disorder ( = 0.630), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( = 0.346), anxiety ( = 0.266), insomnia ( = 0.102), schizophrenia ( = 0.463), neuroticism ( = 0.261), or bipolar disorder ( = 0.985) were found.
CONCLUSION
Our study revealed that mood swings are suggestively causal of ICH and increase the risk of ICH. These results suggest the clinical significance of controlling mood swings for ICH prevention.
PubMed: 36684013
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1049432 -
Cureus Aug 2022Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood disorder characterized by severe mood swings and or periods of depression. This study examined the role that practicing yoga has on the... (Review)
Review
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood disorder characterized by severe mood swings and or periods of depression. This study examined the role that practicing yoga has on the symptoms of BD. One of the main goals was to identify if patients with BD believe that yoga is a viable treatment option. Six research databases were searched using the keywords "yoga" AND "therapy" AND "BD" AND "bipolar depression." Articles published in 2005 and later were included in the search. After duplicates were removed, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, five articles were analyzed and included in this literature review. Results of this review indicate that yoga has been shown to be associated with both benefits and risks for the treatment of BD. Studies have shown that yoga might relieve some symptoms of BD and depression. However, due to the lack of research on the impact of yoga on BD and the small number of studies included in this review, results should be approached with caution. Overall, yoga was well-tolerated in the studies reviewed in this article. Yoga may relieve the symptoms of depression. Future research should analyze the long-term impact of yoga on bipolar depression. Yoga instructional standards should also be considered.
PubMed: 36072189
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27688 -
Psychological Reports Oct 2022To identify people with history of mental health disorders before the COVID-19 pandemic in the Brazilian population and estimate the prevalence of mood swings and the...
OBJECTIVE
To identify people with history of mental health disorders before the COVID-19 pandemic in the Brazilian population and estimate the prevalence of mood swings and the subjective distress of the pandemic among individuals with or without mental health disorders.
METHODS
Through an online survey, participants were asked about presence or absence of mental health disorders. In addition, they answered the Brunel Mood Scale and the Impact of Event Scale. The mean percentile of mood swing indicators and psychological impact scores were estimated, and data were analyzed by logistic regression.
RESULTS
13,248 people participated (70.5% women, mean age 35.4 years, 31.2% with history of mental health disorder). Women and younger people were more likely to be diagnosed with mental health disorder. All participants had significant changes in mood due to the pandemic. Anger, depressed mood, mental confusion, and fatigue were higher among individuals with bipolar disorder or with combined disorders. Individuals with mental health disorders had a greater subjective distress, especially the group with bipolar disorder (OR = 4.89 [3.64-6.56]) and combined disorders (OR = 6.89 [5.21-9.10]).
CONCLUSION
Individuals previously diagnosed with mental health disorders at some point in life are more vulnerable to psychological impact from the pandemic.
Topics: Adult; COVID-19; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Pandemics; Prevalence; Stress, Psychological; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34152884
DOI: 10.1177/00332941211026850 -
Annual Review of Clinical Psychology May 2020Bipolar disorder is a lifelong mood disorder characterized by extreme mood swings between mania and depression. Despite fitness costs associated with increased mortality... (Review)
Review
Bipolar disorder is a lifelong mood disorder characterized by extreme mood swings between mania and depression. Despite fitness costs associated with increased mortality and significant impairment, bipolar disorder has persisted in the population with a high heritability and a stable prevalence. Creativity and other positive traits have repeatedly been associated with the bipolar spectrum, particularly among unaffected first-degree relatives and those with milder expressions of bipolar traits. This suggests a model in which large doses of risk variants cause illness, but mild to moderate doses confer advantages, which serve to maintain bipolar disorder in the population. Bipolar disorder may thus be better conceptualized as a dimensional trait existing at the extreme of normal population variation in positive temperament, personality, and cognitive traits, aspects of which may reflect a shared vulnerability with creativity. Investigations of this shared vulnerability may provide insight into the genetic mechanisms underlying illness and suggest novel treatments.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Creativity; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans
PubMed: 32040337
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095449 -
JAAPA : Official Journal of the... Jun 2016This article outlines diagnostic criteria and features of the newly established diagnosis disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), and discusses how this disorder...
This article outlines diagnostic criteria and features of the newly established diagnosis disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), and discusses how this disorder differs from bipolar disorder in childhood. The chronic, severe, nonepisodic irritability seen in patients with DMDD contrasts with the characteristic episodic mood swing symptoms of bipolar disorder. Differentiating between the two diagnoses is important in regard to prognostic and treatment considerations, as children with DMDD are more likely to develop a mood disorder later in life rather than to develop classic bipolar disorder. Research is needed to establish clear treatment guidelines for DMDD.
Topics: Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders; Bipolar Disorder; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Irritable Mood; Mood Disorders
PubMed: 27168046
DOI: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000483092.35899.a7 -
Frontiers in Neural Circuits 2013The onset of puberty is associated with alterations in mood as well as changes in cognitive function, which can be more pronounced in females. Puberty onset in female... (Review)
Review
The onset of puberty is associated with alterations in mood as well as changes in cognitive function, which can be more pronounced in females. Puberty onset in female mice is associated with increased expression of α4βδ γ-amino-butyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors (GABARs) in CA1 hippocampus. These receptors, which normally have low expression in this central nervous system (CNS) site, emerge along the apical dendrites as well as on the dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons, adjacent to excitatory synapses where they underlie a tonic inhibition that shunts excitatory current and impairs activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, the trigger for synaptic plasticity. As would be expected, α4βδ expression at puberty also prevents long-term potentiation (LTP), an in vitro model of learning which is a function of network activity, induced by theta burst stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals to the CA1 hippocampus. The expression of these receptors also impairs spatial learning in a hippocampal-dependent task. These impairments are not seen in δ knock-out (-/-) mice, implicating α4βδ GABARs. α4βδ GABARs are also a sensitive target for steroids such as THP ([allo]pregnanolone or 3α-OH-5α[β]-pregnan-20-one), which are dependent upon the polarity of GABAergic current. It is well-known that THP can increase depolarizing current gated by α4βδ GABARs, but more recent data suggest that THP can reduce hyperpolarizing current by accelerating receptor desensitization. At puberty, THP reduces the hyperpolarizing GABAergic current, which removes the shunting inhibition that impairs synaptic plasticity and learning at this time. However, THP, a stress steroid, also increases anxiety, via its action at α4βδ GABARs because it is not seen in δ(-/-) mice. These findings will be discussed as well as their relevance to changes in mood and cognition at puberty, which can be a critical period for certain types of learning and when anxiety disorders and mood swings can emerge.
Topics: Affect; Animals; Female; Hippocampus; Mice; Neural Inhibition; Neuronal Plasticity; Receptors, GABA-A; Sexual Maturation
PubMed: 24027497
DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2013.00135 -
Menopause (New York, N.Y.) Feb 2015Symptoms of the menopause transition-altered cycle length, change in amount of bleeding, sleep disruption, fatigue, mood swings, forgetfulness, heat intolerance, and...
Symptoms of the menopause transition-altered cycle length, change in amount of bleeding, sleep disruption, fatigue, mood swings, forgetfulness, heat intolerance, and palpitations-can also reflect thyroid dysfunction, common in midlife women. Although many clinicians are familiar with diagnosis and management of overt thyroid disorders, subclinical thyroid disease adds an entirely new dimension to this arena.
Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Menopause; Middle Aged; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Gland
PubMed: 25584737
DOI: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000407 -
Neurogastroenterology and Motility Aug 2016Gut microbial community, which may influence our mood, can be shaped by modulating the gut ecosystem through dietary strategies. Understanding the gut-brain...
BACKGROUND
Gut microbial community, which may influence our mood, can be shaped by modulating the gut ecosystem through dietary strategies. Understanding the gut-brain correlationship in healthy people is important for maintenance of mental health and prevention of mental illnesses.
METHODS
A case study on the correlation between gut microbial alternation and mood swing of healthy adults was conducted in a closed human life support system during a 105-day experiment. Gut microbial community structures were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing every 2 weeks. A profile of mood states questionnaire was used to record the mood swings. Correlation between gut microbes and mood were identified with partial least squares discrimination analysis.
KEY RESULTS
Microbial community structures in the three healthy adults were strongly correlated with mood states. Bacterial genera Roseburia, Phascolarctobacterium, Lachnospira, and Prevotella had potential positive correlation with positive mood, while genera Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Anaerostipes were correlated with negative mood. Among which, Faecalibacterium spp. had the highest abundance, and showed a significant negative correlation with mood.
CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES
Our results indicated that the composition of microbial community could play a role in emotional change in mentally physically healthy adults.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Environment; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Life Support Systems; Male
PubMed: 27027909
DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12822 -
Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism:... Jul 2005Most clinical trials on phytoestrogens detected no significant effects on classic menopausal symptoms. Soy-rich diets positively influence certain aspects (e.g. sleep... (Review)
Review
Most clinical trials on phytoestrogens detected no significant effects on classic menopausal symptoms. Soy-rich diets positively influence certain aspects (e.g. sleep disturbances and mood swings), but the level of relief is low. Duration of the specific diet before menopause onset predicts the extent of the benefit. Isoflavones exert competitive effects at the estrogen receptor and might interfere with anti-proliferative properties of endocrine anti-cancer therapies. Clinical trials on effects of Actaea racemosa (black cohosh) extracts on menopausal symptoms have yielded more positive results. Two recent studies showed excellent efficacy against classic menopausal complaints and osteoprotective properties, and extracts were deemed safe even when the dosage was increased threefold. Furthermore, several studies suggest that A. racemosa extracts might help control psychic problems typically found during menopausal transition.
Topics: Bone and Bones; Cimicifuga; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Menopause; Middle Aged; Phytoestrogens; Postmenopause
PubMed: 15927480
DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2005.05.002