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Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2011Moraxella catarrhalis is an exclusively human commensal and mucosal pathogen. Its role as a disease-causing organism has long been questioned. Today, it is recognized as... (Review)
Review
Moraxella catarrhalis is an exclusively human commensal and mucosal pathogen. Its role as a disease-causing organism has long been questioned. Today, it is recognized as one of the major causes of acute otitis media in children, and its relative frequency of isolation from both the nasopharynx and the middle ear cavity has increased since the introduction of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, which is associated with a shift in the composition of the nasopharyngeal flora in infants and young children. Although otitis media caused by M. catarrhalis is generally believed to be mild in comparison with pneumococcal disease, numerous putative virulence factors have now been identified and it has been shown that several surface components of M. catarrhalis induce mucosal inflammation. In adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), M. catarrhalis is now a well-established trigger of approximately 10% of acute inflammatory exacerbations.Although the so-called cold shock response is a well-described bacterial stress response in species such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis or - more recently - Staphylococcus aureus, M. catarrhalis is the only typical nasopharyngeal pathogen in which this response has been investigated. Indeed, a 3-h 26°C cold shock, which may occur physiologically, when humans inspire cold air for prolonged periods of time, increases epithelial cell adherence and enhances proinflammatory host responses and may thus contribute to the symptoms referred to as common cold, which typically are attributed to viral infections.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Moraxella catarrhalis; Moraxellaceae Infections; Symbiosis; Virulence
PubMed: 21120723
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7185-2_9 -
Bacteriological Reviews Dec 1973
Review
Topics: Acinetobacter; Alcaligenes; Antigens, Bacterial; Cross Reactions; Immunodiffusion; Moraxella; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 4203395
DOI: 10.1128/br.37.4.522-561.1973 -
Annual Review of Microbiology 1976
Review
Topics: Acinetobacter; DNA, Bacterial; Moraxella; Neisseria; Neisseriaceae; Species Specificity; Transformation, Genetic
PubMed: 791078
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.mi.30.100176.000431 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Feb 2019This study aimed to verify the formation of biofilms by Moraxella bovis, Moraxella ovis and Moraxella bovoculi isolates from ruminants. In addition, the lysozyme...
AIMS
This study aimed to verify the formation of biofilms by Moraxella bovis, Moraxella ovis and Moraxella bovoculi isolates from ruminants. In addition, the lysozyme activity against the isolates of M. bovis, M. ovis and M. bovoculi in free form and in biofilms was determined.
METHODS AND RESULTS
In this study, 54 isolates of Moraxella sp. obtained from bovine and ovine clinical samples were evaluated in vitro for capacity of biofilm formation and lysozyme susceptibility in planktonic and sessile cells. In addition, biofilms produced by four Moraxella sp. isolates were visualized under scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was possible to demonstrate, for the first time, the ability to form biofilms by M. ovis and M. bovoculi. The isolates of Moraxella sp. have the capacity to form biofilms in different intensities, varying among weak, moderate and strong. It was verified that the lysozyme shows activity on Moraxella sp. in planktonic form. However, on biofilms there was a reduction in the production, but without impairing its formation, and on consolidated biofilms the lysozyme did not have the capacity to eradicate the preformed biofilms.
CONCLUSIONS
This work shows the capacity of biofilm formation by Moraxella sp. of veterinary importance. The lysozyme susceptibility of Moraxella sp. in planktonic form shows that this enzyme has bacteriostatic activity on this micro-organism and it reduced the production of biofilms.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
Based on the results, it is possible to infer that the biofilm formation capacity by Moraxella sp. and the resistance to lysozyme concentrations equal to or greater than the physiological levels of the ruminant tear may be linked not only to the capacity to colonize the conjunctiva, but also to remain in this place even after healing of the lesions, being a reservoir of Moraxella sp. in a herd.
Topics: Animals; Biofilms; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Keratoconjunctivitis, Infectious; Moraxella; Moraxella bovis; Moraxellaceae Infections; Muramidase; Sheep
PubMed: 30142702
DOI: 10.1111/jam.14086 -
The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 1974
Topics: Adult; Bacterial Infections; Cephaloridine; Female; Humans; Moraxella; Pericarditis; Punctures; Suppuration
PubMed: 4841614
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Microbiology Dec 2023An aerobic, haemolytic, Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterial strain ZY171148 was isolated from the lung of a dead goat with respiratory disease in Southwest China. The...
An aerobic, haemolytic, Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterial strain ZY171148 was isolated from the lung of a dead goat with respiratory disease in Southwest China. The strain grew at 24-39 °C, at pH 6.0-9.0 and in the presence of 0.5-2.0% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belongs to the genus Moraxella. The nucleotide sequence similarity analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain has the highest similarity of 98.1% to Moraxella (M.) caprae ATCC 700019. Phylogenomic analysis of 800 single-copy protein sequences indicated that the strain is a member of the genus Moraxella and forms a separated branch on the Moraxella phylogenetic tree. The strain exhibited the highest orthologous average nucleotide identity (OrthoANI) and average amino acid identity (AAI) values of 77.0 and 77.9% to M. nasibovis CCUG 75921 and M. ovis CCUG 354, respectively. The strain shared the highest digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) value of 26.2% to M. osloensis CCUG 350. The genome G + C content of strain ZY171148 was 42.6 mol%. The strain had C ω9c (41.7%), C (11.2%), C (14.1%) and C 3OH (9.7%) as the predominant fatty acids and CoQ-8 as the major respiratory quinone. The strain contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cardiolipin, dilysocardiolipin, monolysocardiolipin and phosphatidic acid as the major polar lipids. β-haemolysis was observed on Columbia blood agar. All results confirmed that strain ZY171148 represents a novel species of the genus Moraxella, for which the name Moraxella haemolytica sp. nov. is proposed, with strain ZY171148 = CCTCC AB 2021471 = CCUG 75920 as the type strain.
Topics: Animals; Sheep; Goats; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Moraxella; DNA
PubMed: 38153526
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03782-8 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Jul 2021Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) involves multiple factors and opportunistic pathogens, including members of the genus Moraxella, specifically M bovis. The... (Review)
Review
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) involves multiple factors and opportunistic pathogens, including members of the genus Moraxella, specifically M bovis. The causal role of M bovis is clear, where the presence of virulence factors that facilitate colonization (pili) and host cytotoxicity (RTX toxins) are well characterized, and IBK has been reproduced in many models. Experimental infection with M bovoculi has failed to reproduce IBK-typical lesions in cattle thus far. However, recent work using genomics and mass spectrometry have found genomic diversity and recombination within these species, making species differentiation complex and challenging the ability to assign IBK causality to these organisms.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Keratoconjunctivitis, Infectious; Moraxella; Moraxellaceae Infections
PubMed: 34049659
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2021.03.004 -
BMC Veterinary Research Jan 2020Previous studies have shown that the genus Moraxella is commonly present in the nasal microbiota of swine.
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have shown that the genus Moraxella is commonly present in the nasal microbiota of swine.
RESULTS
In this study, 51 isolates of Moraxella were obtained from nasal swabs from 3 to 4 week old piglets, which represented 26 different fingerprintings by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR. Whole 16S rRNA gene sequencing allowed the identification at species level of the Moraxella spp. isolates. The majority of the field strains were identified as Moraxella pluranimalium, but Moraxella porci was also detected. In addition, a cluster of 7 strains did not group with any described Moraxella species, probably representing a new species. Subsequent phenotypic characterization indicated that strains of Moraxella pluranimalium were mainly sensitive to serum complement, while the cluster representing the putative new species was highly resistant. Biofilm formation capacity was very variable among the Moraxella spp. isolates, while adherence to epithelial cell lines was similar among selected strains. Additionally, variability was also observed in the association of selected strains to porcine alveolar macrophages. Antimicrobial tests evidenced the existence of multidrug-resistance in the strains.
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, phenotypic characterization revealed heterogeneity among Moraxella strains from the nasal cavity of piglets. Strains with pathogenic potential were detected as well as those that may be commensal members of the nasal microbiota. However, the role of Moraxella in porcine diseases and health should be further evaluated.
Topics: A549 Cells; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Biofilms; Cell Line; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Humans; Macrophages, Alveolar; Moraxella; Nasal Cavity; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Swine
PubMed: 32000773
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-2250-9 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Sep 2021Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) is the most frequent ocular disease in livestock worldwide and is primarily caused by Moraxella bovis, M. ovis, and/or M. bovoculi....
Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) is the most frequent ocular disease in livestock worldwide and is primarily caused by Moraxella bovis, M. ovis, and/or M. bovoculi. The economic impact of IKC is mainly due to ocular damage, which leads to weight loss, management difficulties, pain and discomfort, and cost of treatments. In horses, limited information is available on the association of Moraxella spp. with keratoconjunctivitis. The present report describes two cases of equine keratoconjunctivitis caused by members of the genus Moraxella. Both animals presented with lacrimation, conjunctivitis, photophobia, mucoid or purulent secretions, blepharitis, and conjunctival hyperemia. The diagnosis of IKC was based on the epidemiological and clinical findings; the etiological agent was identified through bacteriological (culture and biochemistry assays) and molecular testing (PCR and nucleotide sequencing). Our study reports the isolation of Moraxella bovoculi (SBP 88/19) and a putative new species/mutant of Moraxella (SBP 39/19) recovered from ocular secretions in horses. Thus, we suggest the inclusion of Moraxella spp. infection in the differential diagnosis of conjunctivitis in horses in Southern Brazil.
Topics: Animals; Brazil; Horses; Keratoconjunctivitis, Infectious; Moraxella; Moraxellaceae Infections
PubMed: 33931826
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00507-1 -
APMIS. Supplementum 1999
Review
Topics: Antibodies, Bacterial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Moraxella catarrhalis; Neisseriaceae Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections
PubMed: 10189833
DOI: No ID Found