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Archives de Pediatrie : Organe Officiel... May 2021Moraxella osloensis has been reported in the literature as a human pathogen, particularly among immunocompromised adults. In contrast to the adult population, most... (Review)
Review
Moraxella osloensis has been reported in the literature as a human pathogen, particularly among immunocompromised adults. In contrast to the adult population, most pediatric cases are among patients with no underlying immunological defect; however, no patient underwent further investigation and no data about the long-term follow-up are available. We report the case of a 2-month-old previously healthy girl infected with Moraxella osloensis. Here, we review case reports and case series of children and adults with Moraxella osloensis infection and compare them with our experience. On the basis of our findings, we recommend further investigations (immunological or other underlying diseases) when a child is found to be infected with these bacteria.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Cefotaxime; Female; Fever; Humans; Infant; Moraxella; Moraxellaceae Infections; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33858729
DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2021.03.003 -
The Brazilian Journal of Infectious... 2018Herein we report the case of a 10-year-old boy with an autosomal mosaic mutation who developed bacteremia. The causative agent was identified as Moraxella osloensis by... (Review)
Review
Herein we report the case of a 10-year-old boy with an autosomal mosaic mutation who developed bacteremia. The causative agent was identified as Moraxella osloensis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In the pediatric population, there have been 13 case reports of infection attributed to M. osloensis and this is the fifth reported case of pediatric bacteremia due to M. osloensis. After Moraxella species infection was confirmed, the patient recovered with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. It is important to consider that M. osloensis can cause serious infections, such as bacteremia, in otherwise healthy children.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Child; Humans; Male; Moraxella; Moraxellaceae Infections; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29409692
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2017.10.008 -
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy :... Dec 2019A-26-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with diffuse abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. He had a history of malignant nephrosclerosis, for which he had been... (Review)
Review
A-26-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with diffuse abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. He had a history of malignant nephrosclerosis, for which he had been receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) for the past 14 months. His PD effluent was cloudy and turbid (white blood cell count, 10,528/μL; neutrophils 95.2%). A Gram-negative coccobacillus was isolated from peritoneal fluid culture. However, the organism could not be identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) (Vitek MS, bioMérieux), but was identified as Moraxella osloensis by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. He was successfully treated with intraperitoneal cefazolin therapy for 3 weeks without removing the intra-abdominal catheter. A literature review revealed three previous case reports all of which were diagnosed by MALDI Biotyper (Bruker Daltonics), suggesting that the identification of M. osloensis may vary depending on the type of MALDI-TOF MS system. In conclusion, we experienced a case of M. osloensis infection in a PD patient, which was successfully treated by antibiotic treatment, without removing the PD catheter.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Catheter-Related Infections; Catheters; Cefazolin; DNA, Bacterial; Humans; Male; Moraxella; Moraxellaceae Infections; Nephrosclerosis; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritonitis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31196771
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.05.018 -
Clinical Laboratory Jan 2021Moraxella osloensis rarely causes infection in humans, and most of the reported cases are not fatal. It is often difficult to identify M. osloensis using conventional... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Moraxella osloensis rarely causes infection in humans, and most of the reported cases are not fatal. It is often difficult to identify M. osloensis using conventional biochemical methods.
METHODS
Here, we report a bacteremia case caused by M. osloensis in a patient with advanced lung cancer who initially presented symptoms of fever.
RESULTS
Blood culture revealed growth of a gram-negative bacterium, which was identified as M. osloensis through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI-TOF analyses. The patient could not recover from sepsis with empirical treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
As M. osloensis can cause serious infections in immunocompromised patients, its prompt identification is important.
Topics: Bacteremia; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Moraxella; Moraxellaceae Infections; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 33491414
DOI: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2020.200459 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Jan 2000We describe the successful treatment of Moraxella osloensis bacteremia in a 2-year-old boy who presented with fever, petechial rash, and exacerbation of reactive airway... (Review)
Review
We describe the successful treatment of Moraxella osloensis bacteremia in a 2-year-old boy who presented with fever, petechial rash, and exacerbation of reactive airway disease. We also review the 12 cases previously reported in the literature.
Topics: Bacteremia; Cephalosporins; Child, Preschool; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Moraxella; Neisseriaceae Infections
PubMed: 10619749
DOI: 10.1086/313595 -
BMC Microbiology Jan 2008The bacterium Moraxella osloensis is a mutualistic symbiont of the slug-parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita. In nature, P. hermaphrodita vectors M....
BACKGROUND
The bacterium Moraxella osloensis is a mutualistic symbiont of the slug-parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita. In nature, P. hermaphrodita vectors M. osloensis into the shell cavity of the slug host Deroceras reticulatum in which the bacteria multiply and kill the slug. As M. osloensis is the main killing agent, genes expressed by M. osloensis in the slug are likely to play important roles in virulence. Studies on pathogenic interactions between bacteria and lower order hosts are few, but such studies have the potential to shed light on the evolution of bacterial virulence. Therefore, we investigated such an interaction by determining gene expression of M. osloensis in its slug host D. reticulatum by selectively capturing transcribed sequences.
RESULTS
Thirteen M. osloensis genes were identified to be up-regulated post infection in D. reticulatum. Compared to the in vitro expressed genes in the stationary phase, we found that genes of ubiquinone synthetase (ubiS) and acyl-coA synthetase (acs) were up-regulated in both D. reticulatum and stationary phase in vitro cultures, but the remaining 11 genes were exclusively expressed in D. reticulatum and are hence infection specific. Mutational analysis on genes of protein-disulfide isomerase (dsbC) and ubiS showed that the virulence of both mutants to slugs was markedly reduced and could be complemented. Further, compared to the growth rate of wild-type M. osloensis, the dsbC and ubiS mutants showed normal and reduced growth rate in vitro, respectively.
CONCLUSION
We conclude that 11 out of the 13 up-regulated M. osloensis genes are infection specific. Distribution of these identified genes in various bacterial pathogens indicates that the virulence genes are conserved among different pathogen-host interactions. Mutagenesis, growth rate and virulence bioassays further confirmed that ubiS and dsbC genes play important roles in M. osloensis survival and virulence, respectively in D. reticulatum.
Topics: Animals; Gastropoda; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Moraxella; Mutation; Survival Analysis; Virulence
PubMed: 18226222
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-8-19 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... 2017Moraxella osloensis is a gram-negative coccobacillus, that is saprophytic on skin and mucosa, and rarely causing human infections. Reported cases of human infections...
INTRODUCTION
Moraxella osloensis is a gram-negative coccobacillus, that is saprophytic on skin and mucosa, and rarely causing human infections. Reported cases of human infections usually occur in immunocompromised patients.
PRESENTATION OF CASE
We report the second case of M. osloensis-caused-osteomyelitis in literature, occurring in a young healthy man. The organism was identified by sequencing analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Our patient was treated successfully with surgical debridement and intravenous third-generation cephalosporins.
DISCUSSION
M. osloensis has been rarely reported to cause local or invasive infections. Our case report is the second case in literature and it is different from the previously reported case in that our patient has no chronic medical problems, no history of trauma, with unique presentation and features on the MRI and intraoperative finding.
CONCLUSION
Proper diagnosis is essential for appropriate treatment of osteomyelitis. RNA gene sequence analysis is the primary method of M. osloensis diagnosis. M. osloensis is usually susceptible to simple antibiotics.
PubMed: 29078156
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.10.022 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Nov 2005
Topics: Endophthalmitis; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Moraxella; Moraxellaceae Infections
PubMed: 16422012
DOI: 10.3201/eid1111.050488 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Apr 2020We report the complete genome sequence of strain YV1, which was isolated from a wastewater treatment plant in Australia. The YV1 genome comprises a 2,615,801-bp...
We report the complete genome sequence of strain YV1, which was isolated from a wastewater treatment plant in Australia. The YV1 genome comprises a 2,615,801-bp chromosome and four plasmids. strain YV1 displays the distinctive morphology of Eikelboom morphotype 1863.
PubMed: 32273350
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00030-20 -
Harefuah Mar 2020Community acquired pneumonia (CAP), an acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma acquired in the community, is generally treated in an outpatient setting and involves...
Community acquired pneumonia (CAP), an acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma acquired in the community, is generally treated in an outpatient setting and involves different etiological agents. In the adult community, the most common pathogen in the disease is Streptococcus pneumonia, though other multiple etiological agents (atypical) have been involved, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila. The genus Moraxella consists of aerobic, oxidase-positive gram-negative coccobacilli. Moraxella catarrhalis is known to be a common inhabitant of the upper respiratory tract and has been implicated as an etiologic agent in multiple diseases of the respiratory tract (but not limited to), such as bronchitis, pneumonia, otitis media, and sinusitis. The species Moraxella osloensis is a gram-negative opportunistic human pathogen, which has been found to cause several human diseases and infections such as meningitis, vaginitis, sinusitis, bacteremia, endocarditis, and septic arthritis. However, due to the subject's rarity, there is a paucity of information in the medical literature regarding its clinical significance, epidemiological data and appropriate therapy. We present the first case reported in Israel of Moraxella osloensis bacteremia in a patient with multiple co-morbidities including C. difficile infection (CDI) carrier state which presented with clinical symptoms (supported by radiological features) of community-acquired pneumonia. The patient was initially treated with empiric antibiotics including a 3rd generation cephalosporin and a macrolide that were substituted with IV Augmentin (Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid) according to the organism's sensitivity tests. Our patient showed remarkable clinical and laboratory improvement with the therapy mentioned above.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Clostridioides difficile; Community-Acquired Infections; Female; Humans; Israel; Moraxella; Moraxellaceae Infections; Pneumonia
PubMed: 32186784
DOI: No ID Found