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Current Obesity Reports Sep 2022The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the available data regarding the associations of Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption with food intake and... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the available data regarding the associations of Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption with food intake and possible underlying mechanisms relating UPF consumption to weight gain and co-morbidities.
RECENT FINDINGS
In primarily observational studies, UPF consumption is consistently associated with an increased risk for weight gain among adults and children and increased risk for adiposity-related co-morbidities in adults. In a single mechanistic study, consumption of UPFs led to increased energy intake and weight gain relative to whole foods. UPFs tend to be more energy-dense than nutrient-dense, and UPF consumption is associated with increased adiposity and co-morbidity risk. These data suggest that recommendations to limit UPF consumption may be beneficial to health - though further mechanistic studies are needed.
Topics: Adult; Child; Diet; Fast Foods; Food Handling; Humans; Morbidity; Obesity; Weight Gain
PubMed: 34677812
DOI: 10.1007/s13679-021-00460-y -
Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of... Sep 2020Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) accompanies miscarriage, intrauterine fetal demise, and preterm birth. Levels of PTSD may be higher for women who experience acute,... (Review)
Review
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) accompanies miscarriage, intrauterine fetal demise, and preterm birth. Levels of PTSD may be higher for women who experience acute, life-threatening events during labor and delivery. Severe maternal morbidities or near misses for maternal death disproportionately impact African American, Hispanic, American Indian, and women in rural communities. Expanding research demonstrates association between severe maternal morbidity or near-miss events and PTSD. Multiple preceding conditions and intrapartum and postpartum events place women at higher risk for PTSD. Postpartum evaluation provides an opportunity for PTSD screening. Untreated perinatal PTSD impacts long-term maternal and child health and contributes to health disparities.
Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Delivery, Obstetric; Ethnicity; Female; Fetal Death; Healthcare Disparities; Humans; Labor, Obstetric; Maternal Mortality; Morbidity; Parturition; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Premature Birth; Prevalence; Rural Population; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 32762930
DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2020.04.004 -
BJOG : An International Journal of... Feb 2022To apply the iceberg model, quantifying absolute and relative incidence, to the four main causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in Ireland: haemorrhage,...
OBJECTIVE
To apply the iceberg model, quantifying absolute and relative incidence, to the four main causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in Ireland: haemorrhage, hypertension, sepsis and thrombosis.
DESIGN
Secondary analysis of national data on maternal morbidity and mortality.
SETTING
Republic of Ireland.
POPULATION OR SAMPLE
Approximately 715 000 maternities, 1 200 000 maternal hospitalisations, 2138 cases of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and 54 maternal deaths.
METHODS
Incidence rates and case-fatality ratios were calculated.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Maternal death, SMM and hospitalisation.
RESULTS
At the 'tip of the iceberg', the incidence of maternal death per 10 000 maternities was 0.09 (95% CI 0.03-0.20) due to thrombosis and 0.03 (95% CI 0-0.11) due to haemorrhage, hypertension disorders or sepsis. For one death due to thrombosis there were 35 cases of pulmonary embolism and 257 thrombosis hospitalisations. For one death due to eclampsia, there were 58 eclampsia cases, 13 040 hospitalisations with pre-existing hypertension and 40 781 hospitalisations with gestational hypertension. For one death due to pregnancy-related sepsis, there were 92 cases of septicaemic shock and 9005 hospitalisations with obstetric sepsis. For one maternal death due to haemorrhage, there were 1029 cases of major obstetric haemorrhage and 53 715 maternal hospitalisations with haemorrhage. For every 100 maternities, there were approximately 16 hospitalisations associated with haemorrhage, 12 associated with hypertension disorders, three with sepsis and 0.2 with thrombosis.
CONCLUSIONS
Haemorrhage and hypertension disorders are leading causes of maternal morbidity in Ireland but they have very low case fatality. This indicates that these morbidities are managed effectively but their prevention requires more focus.
TWEETABLE ABSTRACT
Study shows that haemorrhage and hypertension are main causes of #maternalmorbidity in Ireland. Timely interventions for #maternalhealth and focus on prevention of severe and non-severe morbidities are needed. @NPEC #maternityservices #clinicalaudit #qualityimprovement.
Topics: Adult; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Incidence; Ireland; Maternal Death; Maternal Mortality; Morbidity; Postpartum Hemorrhage; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Sepsis; Thrombosis
PubMed: 34455672
DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16880 -
European Journal of Pediatric Surgery :... Oct 2012Overall survival of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) patients has increased since the widespread implementation of delayed operative repair with extracorporeal... (Review)
Review
Overall survival of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) patients has increased since the widespread implementation of delayed operative repair with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation/gentle ventilation strategies starting in the mid-1990s. With the improvements in survival, CDH survivorship has been marked by increased morbidity with a greater need for monitoring and supportive interventions in infancy and early childhood. The multisystem morbidity and complexity of care for these patients mandate the dedicated resources and focus of medical specialties to ensure that the neurodevelopmental, cardiopulmonary, nutritional, and surgical sequelae of CDH are properly addressed. In this article, we will discuss the experience of CDH centers that offer long-term CDH follow-up as well as the patients' morbidities that require active monitoring until transition to adult care.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Continuity of Patient Care; Fetal Therapies; Hernia, Diaphragmatic; Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Morbidity; Survivors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 23114979
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1329412 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2022Economic burden issues in SARS-CoV-2 patients with underlying co-morbidities are enormous resources for patient treatment and management. The uncertainty costs for... (Review)
Review
Economic burden issues in SARS-CoV-2 patients with underlying co-morbidities are enormous resources for patient treatment and management. The uncertainty costs for clinical management render the healthcare system catatonic and incurs deficits in national annual budgets. This article focuses on systematic steps towards selecting and evaluating literature to uncover gaps and ways to help healthcare stakeholders optimize resources in treating and managing COVID-19 patients with multi-morbidity. A systematic review of all COVID-19 treatment procedures with co-morbidities or multi-morbidity for the period from 2019 to 2022 was conducted. The search includes studies describing treatment costs associated with multi- or co-morbidity cases for infected patients and, if concurrently reported, determining recurring expenses. Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Galbraith plots and I statistics will be deployed to assess heterogeneity and to identify potential sources. A backward elimination process will be applied in the regression modelling procedure. Based on the number of studies retrieved and their sample size, the subgroup analysis will be stratified on participant disease category, associated total costs, and degree of freedom in cost estimation. These studies were registered in the PROSPERO registry (ID: CRD42022323071).
Topics: Humans; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Financial Stress; Multimorbidity; Morbidity; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 36293741
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013157 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Oct 2023Reducing the morbidities caused by neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is a central aim of ongoing disease control programmes. The broad spectrum of pathogens under the... (Review)
Review
Reducing the morbidities caused by neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is a central aim of ongoing disease control programmes. The broad spectrum of pathogens under the umbrella of NTDs lead to a range of negative health outcomes, from malnutrition and anaemia to organ failure, blindness and carcinogenesis. For some NTDs, the most severe clinical manifestations develop over many years of chronic or repeated infection. For these diseases, the association between infection and risk of long-term pathology is generally complex, and the impact of multiple interacting factors, such as age, co-morbidities and host immune response, is often poorly quantified. Mathematical modelling has been used for many years to gain insights into the complex processes underlying the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases; however, long-term morbidities associated with chronic or cumulative exposure are generally not incorporated into dynamic models for NTDs. Here we consider the complexities and challenges for determining the relationship between cumulative pathogen exposure and morbidity at the individual and population levels, drawing on case studies for trachoma, schistosomiasis and foodborne trematodiasis. We explore potential frameworks for explicitly incorporating long-term morbidity into NTD transmission models, and consider the insights such frameworks may bring in terms of policy-relevant projections for the elimination era. This article is part of the theme issue 'Challenges and opportunities in the fight against neglected tropical diseases: a decade from the London Declaration on NTDs'.
Topics: Humans; Morbidity; Carcinogenesis; London; Neglected Diseases; Policy
PubMed: 37598702
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0279 -
Reproduction in Domestic Animals =... Sep 2023The neonatal period may be defined as the first month of the calf's life; it may be considered part of the fourth trimester. It is the most hazardous due to the... (Review)
Review
The neonatal period may be defined as the first month of the calf's life; it may be considered part of the fourth trimester. It is the most hazardous due to the immaturity of the neonate's immune system and the environmental challenge from infections, the main causes of both bovine neonatal morbidity and mortality. The five most common morbidities causing mortality in neonatal calves are, in descending order, gastrointestinal infections, respiratory infections, abomasal disorders, umbilical infections and developmental abnormalities. This review describes the aetiology, incidence, risk factors and sequelae of these common morbidities and highlights current preventive strategies both at farm and national levels.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Incidence; Cattle Diseases; Risk Factors; Animals, Newborn
PubMed: 37128970
DOI: 10.1111/rda.14369 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Feb 1992The prevalences of several risk factors and diseases are dramatically increased in obesity. In contrast, considerable inconsistencies have been reported for the... (Review)
Review
The prevalences of several risk factors and diseases are dramatically increased in obesity. In contrast, considerable inconsistencies have been reported for the relationship of obesity to the incidence of cardiovascular disease and total mortality. Suggested reasons for these inconsistencies have been confounders and surrogate risk factors, but the single most important cause is that far-reaching conclusions have been drawn from small short-term studies. Several large studies have recently proven that the incidence of cardiovascular disease is increased in obesity. Correct classification of obesity and its subgroups is also of great importance. Visceral obesity constitutes one subgroup at high risk. It seems possible to link diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, reduced fibrinolysis, and hypertension to elevated portal free fatty acid concentrations because of an increased visceral adipose tissue depot. The quantitation of visceral adipose tissue has been improved by techniques based on computed tomography (CT) and by CT-calibrated anthropometric methods. Results from controlled intervention studies of obesity are entirely lacking but one such study has been started.
Topics: Humans; Morbidity; Obesity, Morbid; Sweden
PubMed: 1733120
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/55.2.508s -
Environmental Health Perspectives Jan 2012In this paper, we review the epidemiological evidence on the relationship between ambient temperature and morbidity. We assessed the methodological issues in previous... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
In this paper, we review the epidemiological evidence on the relationship between ambient temperature and morbidity. We assessed the methodological issues in previous studies and proposed future research directions.
DATA SOURCES AND DATA EXTRACTION
We searched the PubMed database for epidemiological studies on ambient temperature and morbidity of noncommunicable diseases published in refereed English journals before 30 June 2010. Forty relevant studies were identified. Of these, 24 examined the relationship between ambient temperature and morbidity, 15 investigated the short-term effects of heat wave on morbidity, and 1 assessed both temperature and heat wave effects.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Descriptive and time-series studies were the two main research designs used to investigate the temperature-morbidity relationship. Measurements of temperature exposure and health outcomes used in these studies differed widely. The majority of studies reported a significant relationship between ambient temperature and total or cause-specific morbidities. However, there were some inconsistencies in the direction and magnitude of nonlinear lag effects. The lag effect of hot temperature on morbidity was shorter (several days) compared with that of cold temperature (up to a few weeks). The temperature-morbidity relationship may be confounded or modified by sociodemographic factors and air pollution.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a significant short-term effect of ambient temperature on total and cause-specific morbidities. However, further research is needed to determine an appropriate temperature measure, consider a diverse range of morbidities, and to use consistent methodology to make different studies more comparable.
Topics: Climate Change; Epidemiologic Studies; Heat Stress Disorders; Hospitalization; Hot Temperature; Humans; Morbidity
PubMed: 21824855
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1003198 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Jun 2015Long-term symptomatic status in persons with major depressive and bipolar disorders treated clinically is not well established, although mood disorders are leading... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Long-term symptomatic status in persons with major depressive and bipolar disorders treated clinically is not well established, although mood disorders are leading causes of disability worldwide.
AIMS
To pool data on long-term morbidity, by type and as a proportion of time-at-risk, based on published studies and previously unreported data.
METHODS
We carried out systematic, computerized literature searches for information on percentage of time in specific morbid states in persons treated clinically and diagnosed with recurrent major depressive or bipolar I or II disorders, and incorporated new data from one of our centers.
RESULTS
We analyzed data from 25 samples involving 2479 unipolar depressive and 3936 bipolar disorder subjects (total N=6415) treated clinically for 9.4 years. Proportions of time ill were surprisingly and similarly high across diagnoses: unipolar depressive (46.0%), bipolar I (43.7%), and bipolar II (43.2%) disorders, and morbidity was predominantly depressive: unipolar (100%), bipolar-II (81.2%), bipolar-I (69.6%). Percent-time-ill did not differ between UP and BD subjects, but declined significantly with longer exposure times.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings indicate that depressive components of all major affective disorders accounted for 86% of the 43-46% of time in affective morbidity that occurred despite availability of effective treatments. These results encourage redoubled efforts to improve treatments for depression and adherence to their long-term use.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Morbidity
PubMed: 25797049
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.02.011