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Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... 1982
Topics: Diarrhea; Esophagus; Gastric Emptying; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Humans; Motilin
PubMed: 7120661
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Physiology.... Feb 2016During the fasting state the upper gastrointestinal tract exhibits a specific periodic migrating contraction pattern that is known as the migrating motor complex (MMC).... (Review)
Review
During the fasting state the upper gastrointestinal tract exhibits a specific periodic migrating contraction pattern that is known as the migrating motor complex (MMC). Three different phases can be distinguished during the MMC. Phase III of the MMC is the most active of the three and can start either in the stomach or small intestine. Historically this pattern was designated to be the housekeeper of the gut since disturbances in the pattern were associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth; however, its role in the involvement of hunger sensations was already hinted in the beginning of the 20th century by both Cannon (Cannon W, Washburn A. Am J Physiol 29: 441-454, 1912) and Carlson (Carlson A. The Control of Hunger in Health and Disease. Chicago, IL: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1916). The discovery of motilin in 1973 shed more light on the control mechanisms of the MMC. Motilin plasma levels fluctuate together with the phases of the MMC and induce phase III contractions with a gastric onset. Recent research suggests that these motilin-induced phase III contractions signal hunger in healthy subjects and that this system is disturbed in morbidly obese patients. This minireview describes the functions of the MMC in the gut and its regulatory role in controlling hunger sensations.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Fasting; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Hunger; Motilin; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating
PubMed: 26660537
DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00212.2015 -
General and Comparative Endocrinology Jan 2020Motilin and ghrelin were identified in the pheasant by molecular cloning, and the actions of both peptides on the contractility of gastrointestinal (GI) strips were...
Motilin and ghrelin were identified in the pheasant by molecular cloning, and the actions of both peptides on the contractility of gastrointestinal (GI) strips were examined in vitro. Molecular cloning indicated that the deduced amino acid sequences of the pheasant motilin and ghrelin were a 22-amino acid peptide, FVPFFTQSDIQKMQEKERIKGQ, and a 26-amino acid peptide, GSSFLSPAYKNIQQQKDTRKPTGRLH, respectively. In in vitro studies using pheasant GI strips, chicken motilin caused contraction of the proventriculus and small intestine, whereas the crop and colon were insensitive. Human motilin, but not erythromycin, caused contraction of small intestine. Chicken motilin-induced contractions in the proventriculus and ileum were not inhibited by a mammalian motilin receptor antagonist, GM109. Neither atropine (a cholinergic receptor antagonist) nor tetrodotoxin (a neuron blocker) inhibited the responses of chicken motilin in the ileum but both drugs decreased the responses to motilin in the proventriculus, suggesting that the contractile mechanisms of motilin in the proventriculus was neurogenic, different from that of the small intestine (myogenic). On the other hand, chicken and quail ghrelin did not cause contraction in any regions of pheasant GI tract. Since interaction of ghrelin and motilin has been reported in the house musk shrew, interaction of two peptides was examined. The chicken motilin-induced contractions were not modified by ghrelin, and ghrelin also did not cause any contraction under the presence of motilin, suggesting the absence of interaction in both peptides. In conclusion, both the motilin system and ghrelin system are present in the pheasant. Regulation of GI motility by motilin might be common in avian species. However, absence of ghrelin actions in any GI regions suggests the avian species-related difference in regulation of GI contractility by ghrelin.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Atropine; Base Sequence; Birds; Chickens; Cloning, Molecular; Female; Gastrointestinal Motility; Gastrointestinal Tract; Ghrelin; Humans; Male; Motilin; Muscle Contraction; Proventriculus; Quail; Rats; Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone; Receptors, Neuropeptide; Tetrodotoxin
PubMed: 31585115
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113294 -
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... Apr 1996Motilin, a 22 amino acid polypeptide, is known to play an important role in the initiation of phase III activity of the interdigestive migrating contractions (IMC) in... (Review)
Review
Motilin, a 22 amino acid polypeptide, is known to play an important role in the initiation of phase III activity of the interdigestive migrating contractions (IMC) in the dog and man. The precursor of human motilin consists of 115 amino acids including a 25 amino acid signal peptide in direct linkage with the 22 amino acid motilin sequence and a 66 amino acid carboxy-terminal motilin-associated peptide (MAP). Northern blot analysis revealed that motilin mRNA is abundant in the duodenum. In vitro studies suggested that motilin acts directly on motilin receptors located on gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells in the rabbit, cat and man. On the contrary, in vivo studies suggested that motilin receptors are likely to be present in the nervous system. The cloning of motilin receptors is needed to clarify the detailed mechanism(s) of motilin's action.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Duodenum; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Motilin; Muscle, Smooth; Nervous System; Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone; Receptors, Neuropeptide
PubMed: 8920680
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Physiology.... Nov 2011
Topics: Adipocytes; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Motilin
PubMed: 21828337
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00410.2011 -
Acta Hepato-gastroenterologica Apr 1977
Review
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Humans; Motilin
PubMed: 324221
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Gastroenterology and... Oct 2004The aims of this study were to investigate whether: (i) lactating women had an elevated plasma level of motilin; (ii) there was a correlation between the plasma motilin... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The aims of this study were to investigate whether: (i) lactating women had an elevated plasma level of motilin; (ii) there was a correlation between the plasma motilin level and the motilin level in breast milk in lactating women; and (iii) there was a difference in motilin levels between the colostrum and mature human milk in a controlled postprandial state.
METHODS
Twenty control women and 18 lactating women were enrolled in this study. All samples were drawn in a controlled postprandial state. The concentration of motilin was measured using radioimmunoassay.
RESULTS
The plasma motilin level in lactating women was 434 +/- 180 pmol/L on the fifth day after delivery and 450 +/- 204 pmol/L on the 42nd day after delivery (P > 0.05). Both of these values were significantly higher than those in the control women (231 +/- 48 pmol/L, P < 0.05). The motilin level in human milk in the controlled postprandial state was 161 +/- 56 pmol/L on the fifth day and 154 +/- 60 pmol/L on the 42nd day after parturition (P = 0.7). Although there was motilin in the breast milk and an elevated plasma level of motilin in the lactating women, there was no correlation in motilin level between the blood and the breast milk.
CONCLUSIONS
Motilin is elevated in the blood of lactating women and human milk contains motilin. These elevated levels of motilin sustain for a period of at least 6 weeks. Further studies are necessary to assess whether motilin is involved in the development of gastrointestinal motility in the early stage of life in infancy.
Topics: Adult; Colostrum; Female; Humans; Lactation; Milk, Human; Motilin; Postprandial Period
PubMed: 15377298
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2004.03458.x -
Gastroenterology Oct 1984In the fasting dog, plasma motilin levels fluctuate with the various phases of the interdigestive migrating complex. In this study, we present data supporting the...
In the fasting dog, plasma motilin levels fluctuate with the various phases of the interdigestive migrating complex. In this study, we present data supporting the hormonal status of motilin in the dog, as inducer of the phase III of the interdigestive migrating motor complex. Our argument is based on the following points: (a) synthetic canine motilin (200 ng/kg i.v.) reproducing physiological plasma increases of radioimmunoassayable motilin elicited, in the duodenum, activity fronts migrating aborally and absolutely similar to the phase III of the interdigestive migrating motor complex; (b) immunoneutralization of endogenous motilin by a specific motilin antiserum (7921) eliminated the occurrence of activity fronts in the proximal intestine. Migrating phase IIIs initiated below the ligament of Treitz were still documented, supporting again the existence of a motilin-independent mechanism inducing these fronts, which we have called "ectopic." We therefore believe that motilin can be considered a (inter)digestive hormone in the dog, having the physiological role of controlling the induction of the phase III of the interdigestive migrating complex in the proximal gut.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; Dogs; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Immune Sera; Motilin; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth
PubMed: 6468879
DOI: No ID Found -
Gastroenterology Mar 1977The study provides pharmacokinetic data for exogenous synthetic and endogenous natural motilin in man. Synthetic 13-norleucine-motilin was infused into 6 healthy... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The study provides pharmacokinetic data for exogenous synthetic and endogenous natural motilin in man. Synthetic 13-norleucine-motilin was infused into 6 healthy volunteers at a dose of 0.6 and 2.4 (pmoles per kg) per min over 60 min and plasma motilin was measured by radioimmunoassay. During the infusions mean plasma levels of 124.8 +/- 14.8 and 360 +/- 19.6 pmoles per liter, respectively, were achieved. Disappearance half-time on stopping the infusion was 4.36 min. The apparent volume of distribution was calculated to be 49.4 +/- 3.3 ml per kg, and the metabolic clearance rate was 7.8 +/- 0.5 (ml per kg) per min. To measure the decay of endogenous motilin somatostatin was used in the same 6 subjects. A bolus of 100 mug and a subsequent 15-min infusion of 15 mug per min of somatostatin suppressed the fasting motilin level by 50%. The disappearance half-time was 4.56 min. It is concluded that both synthetic and endogenous motilin are eliminated by first order kinetics with very similar half-times. Our data also suggest that the previously reported motilin infusions at these dose levels gave plasma concentrations within the physiological range and that the effects noted may thus have reflected the physiological actions of motilin.
Topics: Adult; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Hormones; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Motilin; Norleucine
PubMed: 832789
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Physiology.... May 2003This study investigates motilin effects on the proximal stomach in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) and healthy volunteers. Eight healthy volunteers and 12... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
This study investigates motilin effects on the proximal stomach in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) and healthy volunteers. Eight healthy volunteers and 12 patients with FD were infused with synthetic motilin or placebo. Proximal gastric volume was measured with a barostat at constant pressure and during isobaric distensions. Abdominal symptoms were scored by visual analog scales. Plasma motilin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. Motilin concentrations and baseline gastric volumes were similar for patients and healthy volunteers. Motilin, compared with placebo, reduced gastric volume by 112 ml [F(29,195); confidence interval (CI) 95%] in patients and by 96 ml [F(-7,200); CI 95%] in healthy volunteers. In patients, motilin decreased compliance by 76 ml/mmHg [F(9,143); CI 95%] compared with placebo, which was similar in volunteers [66 ml/mmHg; F(11,120); CI 95%]. Patients were more nauseous during motilin compared with placebo (P = 0.04), whereas healthy volunteers did not experience nausea. We conclude that in a fasted condition, FD patients have a similar proximal gastric motor response to motilin as healthy volunteers, but experience an exaggerated sensation of nausea.
Topics: Adult; Dyspepsia; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motilin; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Nausea; Stomach
PubMed: 12519743
DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00456.2002