-
American Journal of Obstetrics and... Feb 1992
Topics: Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Meconium; Motilin; Pregnancy; Ureaplasma Infections; Ureaplasma urealyticum
PubMed: 1536263
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(92)91715-m -
Archives of Histology and Cytology Aug 1993Immunohistochemical characterizations of motilin-immunoreactive cells were examined in gastric and duodenal mucosae of nine species of birds from seven orders using five... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Immunohistochemical characterizations of motilin-immunoreactive cells were examined in gastric and duodenal mucosae of nine species of birds from seven orders using five different region-specific motilin antisera. Motilin-immunoreactive cells appeared as open-type cells in the mucosal epithelium and showed varying immunoreactivities to antisera used in all the birds examined except for the cormorant and penguin, which did not show any kinds of immunoreactivity to motilin. Motilin-immunoreactive cells of the emu duodenum were detected by all the motilin-antisera used. The present results suggest that there is a wide range of heterogeneity between motilin molecules among avian species, or perhaps alternatively the existence of a family of motilin-like peptide. Furthermore, the present results should prove useful for a molecular biological study on the evolution of avian motilin.
Topics: Animals; Birds; Chickens; Columbidae; Coturnix; Duodenum; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Motilin; Pylorus; Stomach
PubMed: 8240854
DOI: 10.1679/aohc.56.261 -
Gastroenterology Jan 1992Erythromycin markedly accelerates gastric emptying, possibly because it acts as a motilin agonist. In the present study, the effect of an equipotent dose of motilin was... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Erythromycin markedly accelerates gastric emptying, possibly because it acts as a motilin agonist. In the present study, the effect of an equipotent dose of motilin was tested. In six patients with severe diabetic gastroparesis, gastric emptying of liquids and solids was examined scintigraphically after motilin or placebo in a double-blind crossover study. Motilin (10 pmol.kg-1.min-1) or saline was infused over a 90-minute period starting 5 minutes before breakfast. Motilin markedly accelerated emptying. For liquids, the half-emptying time was reduced from 51 +/- 6 to 22 +/- 11 minutes (P less than 0.01) and for solids from 111 +/- 4 to 51 +/- 12 minutes (P less than 0.01). The mean increase in plasma motilin levels was 1315 +/- 342 pg/mL, corresponding to an effective infusion rate of about 4 pmol.kg-1.min-1. In the control experiments, basal motilin levels (173 +/- 17 pg/mL) were within the normal range but increased steadily postprandially, reaching 321 +/- 25 pg/mL at the end of the study period, probably reflecting gastric distension. The postprandial increase in pancreatic polypeptide level was blunted compared with accepted normal values but was more pronounced during motilin infusion, i.e., 650 +/- 217 vs. 279 +/- 66 pg/mL (P less than 0.01), probably because of the improved emptying. Our data show that motilin accelerates gastric emptying in diabetic gastroparesis and support the hypothesis that erythromycin's effect is mediated through motilin receptors.
Topics: Diabetic Neuropathies; Female; Gastric Emptying; Humans; Motilin; Pancreatic Polypeptide; Paralysis; Stomach; Time Factors
PubMed: 1727784
DOI: 10.1016/0016-5085(92)91788-6 -
Quarterly Journal of Experimental... Oct 1984Associations between migrating myoelectric complexes (m.m.c.s) and peak plasma motilin concentrations were confirmed in the dog fasted 18 h and shown not to be present... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Associations between migrating myoelectric complexes (m.m.c.s) and peak plasma motilin concentrations were confirmed in the dog fasted 18 h and shown not to be present in pigs fasted 3-4 h. Infusions of both natural porcine and synthetic 13-Nle-motilin failed to induce m.m.c.s in the pig. It was confirmed that motilin infusions stimulated the premature appearance of m.m.c.s in the dog whether motilin remained within, or exceeded, its normal plasma values. Immunoneutralization by intravenous administration of rabbit antimotilin serum was without effect on naturally occurring m.m.c.s in the dog and the pig. In the dog, antimotilin serum blocked production of m.m.c.s by exogenous motilin for 7-10 d post-immunoneutralization. It is suggested that there are both: (i) species differences in associations of m.m.c.s and plasma motilin concentration, and (ii) an independence of m.m.c.s from plasma motilin even in the dog in which normally exogenous motilin can produce m.m.c.s.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Electrophysiology; Female; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Immune Sera; Intestines; Male; Motilin; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Rabbits; Species Specificity; Swine
PubMed: 6514999
DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.1984.sp002875 -
Regulatory Peptides Jun 2012The motilin receptor (MR) belongs to a family of Class I G protein-coupled receptors that also includes growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). Their potentially...
The motilin receptor (MR) belongs to a family of Class I G protein-coupled receptors that also includes growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). Their potentially unique structure and the molecular basis of their binding and activation are not yet clear. We previously reported that the perimembranous residues in the predicted extracellular loops and amino-terminal tail of the MR were important for responses to the natural peptide ligand, motilin, and the transmembrane domains of the MR were important for a non-peptidyl ligand, erythromycin. We also reported that the perimembranous residues in the second extracellular loop of the GHSR were critical for natural ligand ghrelin binding and activity. The MR is 52% identical to GHSR, with 86% sequence identity in the transmembrane domains. In the current work, to gain insight into a relationship between MR and GHSR, we studied functional responses to motilin, erythromycin and ghrelin of expression cells of chimeric constructs of MR and GHSR and co-expression cells of both MR and GHSR. We also generated human MR transgenic mice, and clarified a relationship between motilin and ghrelin. MR(1-62)/GHSR(68-366) construct responded only to ghrelin, MR(1-102)/GHSR(108-366) responded to ghrelin and erythromycin, and MR(1-129)/GHSR(135-366) and MR(1-178)/GHSR(184-366) responded to erythromycin, while GHSR(1-183)/MR(179-412) responded to neither motilin, erythromycin nor ghrelin. MR and GHSR co-expression cells have no additional responses to these ligands. Motilin or erythromycin administration to human MR transgenic mice resulted in a decrease of serum acyl-ghrelin levels, while MR and GHSR mRNA expression in the gastrointestinal tracts were not changed. These data suggested that in species expressing both motilin-MR and ghrelin-GHSR, there is a compensatory relationship in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Erythromycin; Ghrelin; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Motilin; Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone; Receptors, Ghrelin; Receptors, Neuropeptide
PubMed: 22465164
DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2012.03.001 -
Digestive Diseases and Sciences Jul 1979In order to assess the possible role of the new candidate gut hormone, motilin, in controlling the interdigestive migrating motor complex (MMC) in man, 14 normal...
In order to assess the possible role of the new candidate gut hormone, motilin, in controlling the interdigestive migrating motor complex (MMC) in man, 14 normal subjects were studied after an overnight fast by means of three pressure-recording catheters with orifices 25 cm apart in the upper small intestine. The typical aboral progressing bursts of pressure waves occurred at a mean interval of 137 minutes and were preceded by a peak motilin level 25 pmol/liter higher than the lowest level in the postactivity-front quiescent period. To study the effect of exogenous motilin, an infusion of pure porcine motilin at various dose levels was given to 16 normal volunteers shortly after the onset of the phase I quiescent period. Motilin infusion induced an activity front in 12 of the 16 subjects. The mean activity front interval was reduced to 46 min (P less than 0.001). This effect could be obtained even at the low dose level of 0.4 pmol/kg/min, which produced an increase in plasma motilin level of only 57 pmol/liter. These data suggest that a cyclic rise in plasma motilin levels is one of the factors involved in the production of the activity front of the migrating motor complex in man.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Duodenum; Female; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Intestine, Small; Jejunum; Male; Middle Aged; Motilin
PubMed: 456236
DOI: 10.1007/BF01489315 -
Digestive Diseases and Sciences Mar 1983The objective was to determine whether motilin regulates cyclical interdigestive motility in the jejunum as well as in the duodenum. In four conscious dogs with an...
The objective was to determine whether motilin regulates cyclical interdigestive motility in the jejunum as well as in the duodenum. In four conscious dogs with an intact innervated duodenum, an autotransplanted (extrinsically denervated) 75-cm loop of proximal jejunum, and an autotransplanted, in situ distal jejunum, interdigestive myoelectrical complexes cycled independently in all three regions of small bowel. Plasma concentration of motilin was greater during phase III of the duodenal cycles (304 +/- 37 pg/ml) than during phase I (235 +/- 37 pg/ml) or phase II (235 +/- 39 pg/ml; P less than 0.05), but the concentration did not vary consistently with the phases of the cycles in the autotransplanted jejunal segments. Intravenous infusions of motilin (0.6 microgram/kg/min for 5 hr), begun 15-30 min after passage of phase III through the duodenum, shortened the interval between phase IIIs in the duodenum from 147 +/- 14 min before infusions to 44 +/- 3 min during the infusions (P less than 0.05), but did not alter consistently the interval between phase IIIs in the autotransplanted jejunal segments. Feeding decreased plasma motilin concentration. The data were consistent with motilin regulation of interdigestive motility in intact, innervated canine duodenum but not in extrinsically denervated jejunum.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Dogs; Duodenum; Female; Food; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Gastrointestinal Motility; Jejunum; Motilin
PubMed: 6825544
DOI: 10.1007/BF01295120 -
Gut Oct 2002
Topics: Dyspepsia; Erythromycin; Gastric Emptying; Humans; Motilin
PubMed: 12235094
DOI: 10.1136/gut.51.4.612 -
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Jun 2003The role of motilin in the regulation of upper gastrointestinal (GI) motility is well defined. However, little is known about the effects on the distal GI tract. To... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
AIMS
The role of motilin in the regulation of upper gastrointestinal (GI) motility is well defined. However, little is known about the effects on the distal GI tract. To investigate the effect of exogenous motilin on rectal function, barostat measurements in the rectum were performed and lower abdominal symptoms were scored.
METHODS
Eight fasted, healthy volunteers were infused intravenously with synthetic motilin or placebo over 90 min in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over design. Rectum volume was measured with a barostat device during constant pressure and during isobaric distensions. Lower abdominal symptoms were scored by visual analogue scales. Plasma motilin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay.
RESULTS
Baseline rectum volumes were similar between treatments: 185 +/- 62 mL (motilin) and 136 +/- 41 mL (placebo). During the constant pressure procedure, motilin increased rectum volume [area under the effect curve (AUEC)] by 6%[95% confidence interval (CI) -3, 16] of baseline, compared with placebo. During isobaric distensions motilin increased rectum volume (AUEC) by 43 mL (95% CI 0.4, 85; P < 0.05) and compliance by 10 mL mmHg-1 (95% CI 0.3, 20; P < 0.05) relative to placebo. Motilin did not induce changes in the sensation of rectal feelings.
CONCLUSION
Exogenous motilin increased rectal compliance in healthy volunteers, without affecting rectal sensations.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Male; Motilin; Pressure; Rectum
PubMed: 12814447
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01812.x -
Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR Imeni I.... Sep 1988This article reviews the data available at present of the structure of motilin, its localization, species differences and the action on the gastrointestinal tract.... (Review)
Review
This article reviews the data available at present of the structure of motilin, its localization, species differences and the action on the gastrointestinal tract. Possible mechanisms of motilin release, its participation in the gastrointestinal tract motility as well as its possible physiological role are presented.
Topics: Animals; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Motilin; Periodicity; Species Specificity
PubMed: 3063558
DOI: No ID Found