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Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology Nov 1996The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with motor abnormalities in the small intestine and colon. Neuropeptides may have an important role in initiating and...
BACKGROUND
The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with motor abnormalities in the small intestine and colon. Neuropeptides may have an important role in initiating and regulating the intestinal motility. Motilin has been proposed to initiate the peristaltic reflex in the small intestine and cholecystokinin the gastrocolic reflex.
METHODS
In 18 patients with IBS and 11 healthy control subjects plasma motilin and cholecystokinin (CCK) concentrations were measured after intraluminal stimulation of water and a fat-rich meal.
RESULTS
The IBS patients had reduced motilin secretion after both water intake and the fat meal. In contrast, the fat meal elicited an exaggerated and prolonged CCK release in the IBS patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Disturbed motilin and CCK release may partly be responsible for the intestinal dysmotility in the IBS patients.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Cholecystokinin; Colonic Diseases, Functional; Dietary Fats; Drinking; Female; Humans; Male; Motilin; Radioimmunoassay
PubMed: 8938905
DOI: 10.3109/00365529609036895 -
British Medical Journal May 1977
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Electrophysiology; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Gastrointestinal Motility; Motilin; Stomach
PubMed: 861641
DOI: No ID Found -
Surgery Aug 1993Motilin induces phase III activity of the gastroesophageal tract. Erythromycin has a motilin-like effect on the stomach, but possible esophageal effects have not been...
BACKGROUND
Motilin induces phase III activity of the gastroesophageal tract. Erythromycin has a motilin-like effect on the stomach, but possible esophageal effects have not been evaluated and are the focus of our investigation.
METHODS
Esophageal manometry was performed in 11 healthy volunteers before and after intravenous infusion of 500 mg erythromycin. Values are expressed as means +/- SEM.
RESULTS
Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure increased from 21.1 +/- 2.6 mm Hg at baseline to 37.5 +/- 3.8 mm Hg after erythromycin infusion (p < 0.0001). Erythromycin did not affect LES length, esophageal body contraction amplitude, duration or velocity, or the upper esophageal sphincter. Serum motilin levels decreased from 96.4 +/- 10.9 pmol/L to 81.8 +/- 10.9 pmol/L (p < 0.01) after erythromycin administration.
CONCLUSIONS
Erythromycin profoundly stimulates the normal human LES. This is a direct motilin agonist-like effect and is not mediated by release of endogenous motilin. Erythromycin has no important effect on the esophageal body or the upper esophageal sphincter.
Topics: Adult; Erythromycin; Esophagus; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motilin; Muscle Contraction; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating; Pressure
PubMed: 8342132
DOI: No ID Found -
Seikagaku. the Journal of Japanese... Apr 1977
Review
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Duodenum; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Intestine, Small; Motilin; Rabbits; Species Specificity; Stomach
PubMed: 328791
DOI: No ID Found -
Peptides 1985Although the physiologic function of the gastrointestinal hormone motilin remains uncertain, plasma levels of this peptide vary with migrating myoelectric complexes...
Although the physiologic function of the gastrointestinal hormone motilin remains uncertain, plasma levels of this peptide vary with migrating myoelectric complexes (MMCs) in the small intestine. In the fed state, both MMCs and plasma motilin are suppressed. During fasting, cyclical peaks of motilin in plasma occur at the same time as Phase III of the MMC cycle occurs in the duodenum. This dependence of motilin concentrations in plasma on the feeding state of the animal prompted an investigation of the effects of motilin on feeding behavior. Intraperitoneal injection of motilin into fasted, but not fed, rats stimulated eating in a dose dependent manner. A significant stimulation of feeding was seen at doses of 5 and 10 micrograms/kg. Sated rats did not eat whether injected with motilin or vehicle. The feeding response to motilin was blocked by prior injection of the rats with naloxone, naltrexone, or pentagastrin. The dose response suppression of food intake by naloxone was similar in fasted animals treated with motilin or vehicle. Motilin may function as a hunger hormone during periods of fasting.
Topics: Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fasting; Feeding Behavior; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Male; Motilin; Naloxone; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains
PubMed: 3991363
DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(85)90074-9 -
Scandinavian Journal of... 1976Gastrointestinal contractile activity from the lower esophageal sphincter to the terminal ileum in the conscious dogs was continuously recorded on a multi-channel...
Gastrointestinal contractile activity from the lower esophageal sphincter to the terminal ileum in the conscious dogs was continuously recorded on a multi-channel polygraph for several weeks by means of chronically implanted strain gage force transducers. It was found that the 24-hour gastrointestinal motor activity consisted of the two different major patterns; the digestive and interdigestive patterns. The interdigestive motor activity was characterized by a cyclic recurring, caudad-moving band of strong contractions interrupted by long lasting motor quiescence. When one band of strong contractions reached the distal ileum, another developed in the LES, stomach and duodenum again and propagated in a caudad-direction. Such recycling episodes repeatedly occurred until the next meal. After ingestion of food, gastrointestinal motor activity was continous and such characteristic interdigestive patterns were not observed. Synthetic motilin, 0.1-2.7 mug/kg/hr, was assayed for its motor stimulating activity in the both states. In the digestive state, an i.v. infusion of motlin had no influence upon the motor activity even if the dose was increased up to 6.0 mug/kg/hr. On the other hand, when motilin was infused during the interdigestive state, it induced a pattern precisely like the naturally-occurring interdigestive contractions. Not only the naturally-occurring contractions but also motilin-induced contractions were strongly inhibited by the ingestion of food or an i.v. infusion of pentagastrin (0.2-1.8 mug/kg/hr). Duodenal acidification (0.1 N HC1, 3-16 ml/kg/hr) in the interdigestive state disturbed or inhibited the regular cycle of the natural contractions but was counteracted by exogenous i.v. infusion of motilin. These findings strongly suggest the view that the interdigestive gastrointestinal motor activity is at least in part regulated by circulating motilin concentration in the blood, however, its cyclic recurring, caudad propagating mechanism may be controlled in part by the nervous system. Motilin is the only substance known to be active during the interdigestive state and therefore may be called the interdigestive hormone.
Topics: Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Dogs; Esophagogastric Junction; Food; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Gastrointestinal Motility; Hydrochloric Acid; Motilin; Pentagastrin; Pressure; Secretin; Time Factors
PubMed: 1069368
DOI: No ID Found -
L'union Medicale Du Canada Jan 1979
Review
Topics: Animals; Digestive System; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; Dogs; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Motilin
PubMed: 34914
DOI: No ID Found -
Endocrine Development 2013Ghrelin is the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) which was identified in the pituitary gland and is now named the ghrelin receptor.... (Review)
Review
Ghrelin is the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) which was identified in the pituitary gland and is now named the ghrelin receptor. However, the peptide is most abundant in the stomach and ghrelin receptors are present in all major organ systems and tissues. Ghrelin forms with motilin, a new gut peptide family and the sequence similarities of peptides and receptors suggest they evolved by gene duplication. Nevertheless, no cross-reactivity exits between both peptides. Ghrelin shares with motilin motor effects in the gut, in particular gastric emptying and the induction of the migrating motor complex, but ghrelin also affects gastric acid secretion, offers gastroprotection and may modulate intestinal inflammation. The effects of ghrelin result from the activation of central, vagal and enteric neural receptors and receptors on immune cells. Ghrelin agonists have been developed for the treatment of hypomotility disorders and the peptidomimetic TZP-102 is in phase 2 clinical trials for diabetic gastroparesis.
Topics: Animals; Cross Reactions; Cytoprotection; Gastroenteritis; Gastrointestinal Motility; Gastrointestinal Tract; Ghrelin; Humans; Motilin; Peptic Ulcer; Receptors, Ghrelin
PubMed: 23652390
DOI: 10.1159/000346051 -
The Journal of Physiology Oct 1984The role of motilin in the periodic interdigestive secretion of the pancreas was studied in conscious dogs, each with a chronic gastric fistula, a Heidenhain pouch and a...
The role of motilin in the periodic interdigestive secretion of the pancreas was studied in conscious dogs, each with a chronic gastric fistula, a Heidenhain pouch and a Thomas duodenal fistula. Motilin increased pancreatic water, bicarbonate and protein secretion and the motility of the stomach, duodenum and Heidenhain pouch in a manner which closely resembles the spontaneous changes which occur during interdigestive activity. Endogenous motilin released by duodenal alkalinization had the same effect as exogenous hormone. Continuous infusion of motilin did not cause continuous pancreatic secretion and gut motility but merely shortened the interval of the periodic interdigestive activity. Exogenous and endogenous motilin were ineffective following atropine. Hexamethonium abolished the pancreatic and duodenal peaks but not the changes in gastric and pouch motility induced by motilin or duodenal alkalinization.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Dogs; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Gastrointestinal Motility; Hexamethonium Compounds; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Motilin; Pancreas; Pancreatic Juice; Periodicity; Proteins; Secretory Rate; Water
PubMed: 6491998
DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015429 -
Lancet (London, England) Mar 1979
Topics: Female; Fetal Distress; Fetus; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Meconium; Motilin; Pregnancy
PubMed: 85949
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(79)91163-2