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Acta Neurologica Belgica Jun 2021The concept of functional movement disorders has evolved considerably over the past few decades. More specifically, the views on the relation with psychological... (Review)
Review
The concept of functional movement disorders has evolved considerably over the past few decades. More specifically, the views on the relation with psychological stressors or personality disorders have substantially changed, emphasizing a shift from the previously dominant dualistic scheme. This evolution is reflected in adaptations to diagnostic criteria and management approaches. Functional movement disorders which arise in a close temporal relationship with a peripheral trauma are specifically challenging with respect to diagnosis and treatment, but similar considerations seem to apply. The relationship of functional disorders with trauma appears to be much closer than is often thought. Clinical and pathophysiological research has identified shared factors underlying functional posttraumatic as well as primary movement disorders. These evolving insights impact on discussions in terms of litigation for compensation after trauma. The literature is reviewed and the consequences for argumentation in litigation are outlined, including ethical and legal considerations. Finally, we formulate a number of recommendations.
Topics: Humans; Jurisprudence; Movement Disorders; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 33772740
DOI: 10.1007/s13760-021-01660-y -
The Lancet. Neurology Jun 2013Movement disorders can occur as primary (idiopathic) or genetic disease, as a manifestation of an underlying neurodegenerative disorder, or secondary to a wide range of... (Review)
Review
Movement disorders can occur as primary (idiopathic) or genetic disease, as a manifestation of an underlying neurodegenerative disorder, or secondary to a wide range of neurological or systemic diseases. Cerebrovascular diseases represent up to 22% of secondary movement disorders, and involuntary movements develop after 1-4% of strokes. Post-stroke movement disorders can manifest in parkinsonism or a wide range of hyperkinetic movement disorders including chorea, ballism, athetosis, dystonia, tremor, myoclonus, stereotypies, and akathisia. Some of these disorders occur immediately after acute stroke, whereas others can develop later, and yet others represent delayed-onset progressive movement disorders. These movement disorders have been encountered in patients with ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes, subarachnoid haemorrhage, cerebrovascular malformations, and dural arteriovenous fistula affecting the basal ganglia, their connections, or both.
Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Humans; Movement Disorders
PubMed: 23602779
DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70057-7 -
The Canadian Journal of Neurological... Mar 2003Psychogenic movement disorders (PMD) are challenging to diagnose and to treat. Since the nineteenth century, PMDs were recognized and described in painstaking detail. In... (Review)
Review
Psychogenic movement disorders (PMD) are challenging to diagnose and to treat. Since the nineteenth century, PMDs were recognized and described in painstaking detail. In the modern neurology clinic, PMDs may comprise 2-25% of the patient population. Recognition of the various types of PMDs, differentiation from organic illness and an approach to PMDs are described in this article.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Dystonic Disorders; Female; Gait Disorders, Neurologic; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Movement Disorders; Myoclonus; Parkinsonian Disorders; Prognosis; Psychophysiologic Disorders; Psychotherapy; Tremor
PubMed: 12691482
DOI: 10.1017/s0317167100003292 -
Primary Care Mar 2004
Review
Topics: Essential Tremor; Hepatolenticular Degeneration; Humans; Huntington Disease; Movement Disorders; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Parkinson Disease; Tourette Syndrome
PubMed: 15110162
DOI: 10.1016/S0095-4543(03)00119-2 -
Advances in Neurology 2002
Review
Topics: Female; Humans; Movement Disorders; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications
PubMed: 12068453
DOI: No ID Found -
The Canadian Journal of Neurological... Mar 2015We review the Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program, which started in 1968 and has had the dual goals of patient care and research. The clinics are structured to... (Review)
Review
We review the Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program, which started in 1968 and has had the dual goals of patient care and research. The clinics are structured to collect research-worthy data including videos, longitudinal follow-up, and autopsy studies of patients seen in the clinics. At every clinic visit, the patient is evaluated by one or both authors. A total of 25% to 30% of the deceased come to autopsy. Frozen half-brain and formalin-fixed remnants from autopsy are preserved in our laboratories. Patients not seen in our clinic are not included in research, which makes it different from brain banks. So far, 515 cases have come to autopsy. So far, there have been 17 collaborating scientific teams from Canada, the United States, Europe, and Japan. The collaborators are not charged for access to our resources. This program offers a unique opportunity to study multiple aspects of movement disorder patients seen in clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; International Cooperation; Movement Disorders; Patient Care; Research; Saskatchewan
PubMed: 25804247
DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2015.13 -
International Review of Neurobiology 2018Functional (psychogenic) movement disorders are a subtype of functional neurological disorder, a common and disabling cause of neurological symptoms. Abnormal movement... (Review)
Review
Functional (psychogenic) movement disorders are a subtype of functional neurological disorder, a common and disabling cause of neurological symptoms. Abnormal movement in people with functional movement disorders has specific characteristics (e.g., distractibility, variability, incongruence with deficits caused by neurological disease), allowing positive diagnosis and differentiation from other causes of movement disorder. Attempts to understand the pathophysiology of this disorder have previously focused mainly on the psychological level, emphasizing the importance of psychological trauma and adverse life events. However, the last two decades has seen a broadening of this approach to consider the neurobiological level, and brain imaging has formed a key part of this work. Here we review the available imaging evidence in functional movement disorders and explain how this evidence can help us understand more about the underlying pathophysiology of this common cause of abnormal movement control.
Topics: Functional Neuroimaging; Humans; Movement Disorders; Somatoform Disorders
PubMed: 30473194
DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.10.001 -
Der Nervenarzt Feb 2019Rare genetic movement disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases. The causes of many of these rare movement disorders could be resolved due to the progress in... (Review)
Review
Rare genetic movement disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases. The causes of many of these rare movement disorders could be resolved due to the progress in molecular genetic diagnostics. This led to a better pathophysiological characterization of rare movement disorders and also to the fact that many phenotypical overlaps could be found between different diseases. The classification of genetic results requires a close cooperation between neurologists and geneticists. Therefore, modern diagnostic procedures cannot replace the clinical classification of genetic movement disorders and the exact patient history. This article provides the reader with an overview of the most important groups of genetic movement disorders. Genetic Parkinson syndromes, dystonia, essential tremor, genetic chorea, cerebellar ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia are dealt with in detail. For a better understanding individual genetic terms are explained and differences in molecular genetic diagnostics are presented.
Topics: Humans; Movement Disorders
PubMed: 30645659
DOI: 10.1007/s00115-018-0659-1 -
Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Jun 2009
Topics: Child; Humans; Movement Disorders
PubMed: 19501332
DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2009.04.002 -
Current Problems in Pediatric and... Mar 2021Movement disorders presenting in childhood include tics, dystonia, chorea, tremor, stereotypy, myoclonus, and parkinsonism, each of which can be part of various clinical... (Review)
Review
Movement disorders presenting in childhood include tics, dystonia, chorea, tremor, stereotypy, myoclonus, and parkinsonism, each of which can be part of various clinical syndromes with distinct etiologies. Some of these conditions are benign and require only reassurance; others are bothersome and require treatment, or may be clues that herald underlying pathology. Answers lie in the inherent characteristics of the movements themselves, together with the clinical context provided in the history obtained by the examiner. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the categories of involuntary movements, along with examples of common acquired and genetic causes, and an approach to history-taking, examination, and treatment.
Topics: Chorea; Dystonia; Humans; Movement Disorders; Tics; Tremor
PubMed: 33832853
DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2021.100983